Papers by Olli Mäentausta
Diabetes Care, 1984
Nine different liver function tests (LFT) were assessed in 175 unselected diabetic outpatients st... more Nine different liver function tests (LFT) were assessed in 175 unselected diabetic outpatients stabilized on diet, insulin, or oral hypoglycemic drugs. In another group of 72 diabetic inpatients having diagnostic liver biopsy, relationships between LFT and histologic changes in the liver were investigated. Abnormalities in at least one of the tests were noted in 57% of the outpatients, and two tests gave pathologic results in 27%. The non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients more often had abnormal LFT results than did the insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Serum chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations were increased in 27%, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT) activities in 19%, and alanine aminotransferase (Alt) activities in 17% of the outpatients, but the increases were rarely more than twice the upper limit of normal. In multivariate analysis, outpatients who were overweight, showed poor diabetes control during a short duration of diabetes controlled by treatment with diet or oral age...
Processing of wood fibre fraction
Immunological measurement of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 1990
Abstract Human placental 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) was purified to apparent homog... more Abstract Human placental 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) was purified to apparent homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on Red-Agarose and DEAE-Sepharose columns. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels under denaturing conditions and using silver staining showed a single protein with an apparent molecular weight of 37,800. Antibodies to the purified protein were raised in rabbits and were found by immunoblotting to be specific to 17-HSD. A sensitive radioimmunoassay was established using 125I-labeled 17-HSD as a tracer, an appropriate dilution of the antibody, and a kaolin-coupled double antibody for separating the antibody-bound and free fractions. The detection limit of the assay was approximately 150 pg/tube (1.5 μg/l). The cytosol fraction (105,000 g) of term placental tissue contained approximately 0.7 mg of 17-HSD per gram of protein, and the concentrations of 17-HSD measured by immunoassay and enzymatic activity proved to be strictly parallel in different partly purified placental preparations. The supernatants from centrifugations of human endometrial homogenates at 800 g and 105,000 g (after detergent treatment) displayed cross-reactivity with the antibody. The mean concentration of the cross-reacting substance in the radioimmunoassay was 14.1 μg/g protein (range 2–62.3) in specimens taken on different days in the cycle. These concentrations showed a significant correlation with the 17-HSD activities measured in the endometrial specimens (r = 0.722, P
Sex steroid hormones and receptors in relation to S-phase fraction and ploidy level in endometrial carcinoma
Anticancer research
Although endogenous hormones exert an effect on the proliferation of endometria adenocarcinoma, t... more Although endogenous hormones exert an effect on the proliferation of endometria adenocarcinoma, there also seems to be an autonomous proliferation of the malignant cells. Simultaneous measurement of endocrine and cell proliferation related variables in endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens are expected to increase the understanding of factors responsible for progression or regression of this form of cancer. Sixty patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma were examined. The following parameters were analysed: endogenous plasma concentration of oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone; S-phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy level, by flow cytometry; oestrogen and progesterone receptors, by immunohistochemistry. The oestrogen receptor positive tumours had a lower S-phase fraction that receptor negative tumours (p < 0.05), but SPF was still under the mean for the whole group. ER positive tumours were all diploid, while progesterone receptors were found also in an...
Immunohistochemical study of the human 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroid receptors in endometrial adenocarcinoma
Cancer, 1992
ABSTRACT
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1991
17P-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (IFHSD, EC 1.1.1.62) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of... more 17P-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (IFHSD, EC 1.1.1.62) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of estrone and estradiol. There are a number of additional steroid pairs, such as androstenedione and testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone and 5androstene-3P,17P-diol, the interconversion of which is dependent on this kind of enzyme activity. The terminology concerning this enzyme activity varies, and additional terms include 17-ketosteroid reductase, 17-oxidoreductase and l7P-estradiol dehydrogenase. Being obligatory for the biosynthesis of the biologically most important sex steroids, estradiol and testosterone, this enzyme activity is present in steroidogenic tissues. In addition, the enzyme activity has been detected in a number of target tissues for sex steroid action, such as the endometrium, vaginal mucosa, breast tissue, and the prostate. It has also been detected in tissues and cells, such as lung, ileum and red blood cells, which are not characteristically sex steroid-dependent. In recent measurements, using a placental cDNA probe of 17-HSD,' the tissue distribution of the two mRNA species detected suggested that different enzymes would be responsible for the interconversion of estrone and estradiol, and androstenedione and testosterone. It was observed earlier that the activity of 17-HSD displays a cyclic fluctuation in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle.*J The enzyme activity is in-0 The research summarized in this paper was supported by the Research Council for Medicine of the Academy of Finland. The Department of Clinical Chemistry is a WHO Collaborating Centre supported by the Ministries of Education, Health and Social Affairs, and of Foreign Affairs, Finland.
Steroid Biosynthetic Enzymes: 17 β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Annals of Medicine, 1993
Polyclonal antibodies produced against human placental 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD),... more Polyclonal antibodies produced against human placental 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD), purified to homogeneity, and the corresponding cDNA for the enzyme were used to study the expression of 17HSD in a number of human tissues using various immunological methods together with RNA hybridization techniques. In addition, two 17HSD genes and their putative regulatory elements were sequenced. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the placental-type enzyme is expressed in granulosa-luteal cells, breast cancer tissue and breast cancer cell lines. An immunologically identical antigen was also detected in normal and carcinomatous human endometrium. The same antiserum, following affinity purification, was used for immunohistochemical studies of the endometrium and breast tissue, whereupon staining of the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells alone was observed. Immunostalning was also present in cultured human granulosa cells and in about half of the endometrial and breast carcinoma specimens investigated. Prog...
FEBS Letters, 1988
CDNA clones for 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17‐HSD; EC 1.1.1.62) were isolated from a place... more CDNA clones for 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17‐HSD; EC 1.1.1.62) were isolated from a placental λgt11 expression library using polyclonal antibodies against placental 17‐HSD. The largest cDNA contained 1325 nucleotides, consisting of a short 5′‐noncoding segment, a coding segment of 987 nucleotides terminated by a TAA codon, and a 329 nucleotide long 3′‐noncoding segment. The open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 327 amino acid residues with a predicted M r of 34853. The amino acid sequence of 23 N‐terminal amino acids determined from purified 17‐HSD agreed with the sequence deduced from cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequence also contained two peptides previously characterized from the proposed catalytic area of placental 17‐HSD.
Amniotic fluid bile acids in normal and pathologic pregnancy
Obstetrics and gynecology, 1980
Radioimmunologic techniques were used to determine 2 primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycho... more Radioimmunologic techniques were used to determine 2 primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid) and 1 secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid) from human amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant women and from patients with diabetes, toxemia, or intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy. In general, the mean bile acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid were very similar to those in the serum, although in paired samples from individual patients these 2 values did not correlate significantly. Very high levels of the 2 primary bile acids were measured from the amniotic fluid of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. The mean values were about 70 times higher than those in the controls. Amniotic fluid cholic acid content was slightly elevated in diabetic and toxemic patients, too. Deoxycholic acid was consistently found in the amniotic fluid specimens, but there was no change in its concentration among the various groups. In this limited series of patients, no significant correlat...
Serum Cholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid Concentrations in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Neonatology, 1981
Primary bile acid concentrations were measured in serum of 332 newborns with neonatal hyperbiliru... more Primary bile acid concentrations were measured in serum of 332 newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (serum total bilirubin level > 200 μmol/l) and compared with those of 95 nonhyperbilirubinemic neonates (serum total bilirubin level < 200 μmol/l). The serum concentrations (μmol/l; mean ± SEM) for cholic acid (8.78 ± 0.44) and chenodeoxycholic acid (10.5 ± 0.68) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the hyperbilirubinemic group than in the controls (7.16 ± 0.48 and 6.67 ± 0.48, respectively). 80 (24%) of the hyperbilirubinemic newborns had true cholestasis (serum levels of cholic and/or chenodeoxycholic acid higher than mean +2 SD in the reference group). The ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the cholestatic group than in the hyperbilirubinemic newborns without cholestasis. There was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase between the cholestatic and noncho...
Maturitas, 1981
Climacteric symptoms of 21 women were treated for 6 mth with sequential combination preparations ... more Climacteric symptoms of 21 women were treated for 6 mth with sequential combination preparations containing natural oestrogen (oestradiol and oestriol) and norethisterone acetate as progestin. There were no significant changes during the treatment period in the serum alanine aminotransferase activity or concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. The concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid was, however, signiticantly decreased after 6 mth treatment. It thus appears that the above natural oestrogen-progestin combinations do not have adverse effects on hepatic function and lipid metabolism.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1984
Ultrasonic measurement of the gallbladder volume was taken in 8 nonpregnant, healthy women, in 7 ... more Ultrasonic measurement of the gallbladder volume was taken in 8 nonpregnant, healthy women, in 7 women with normal pregnancies and in 7 women whose pregnancies were complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, in the fasting state and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after a test meal. At the same time the serum concentrations of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were measured. The fasting and ejection vohnnes of the gallbladder in cholestasis of pregnancy were greater than in normal pregnancy. The fasting volume of the gallbladder was greater, but the ejection volume smaller in normal pregnancy than in nonpregnant women. No difference in the ultrasonic appearence of the intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts was found between the groups. Serum bile acids were increased in cholestasis of pregnancy and did not display any decreasing tendency after the postprandial rise during the following 3 h. The results indicate that in cholestasis of pregnancy the gallbladder function and the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids are different from normal pregnancy. This may be associated with the great tendency to gallstones in these women. The large size of the gallbladder in cholestasis of pregnancy has differential diagnostic importance in the ultrasonic evaluation of a pregnant woman with liver disease..
Serum bile acid levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy during treatment with phenobarbital or cholestyramine
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1982
Nineteen patients suffering from the intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) of pregnancy were studied. Tw... more Nineteen patients suffering from the intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) of pregnancy were studied. Twelve of them were treated with phenobarbital (100 mg/day) and seven with cholestyramine (18 g/day). The overnight fasting levels of serum cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The activities of serum transaminases, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and total and conjugated bilirubins were also analyzed. It was found that there was no correlation between the itching symptom and the serum bile acid levels. During phenobarbital treatment serum bile acid concentrations did not change. Also, the other measured parameters as well as the CA/CDCA ratio did not change significantly. Transaminases had, however, a slight tendency to decrease. The therapy successfully relieved itching in half of the cases. There was no relationship between the relief of the itching and the change in the bile acid concentrations. Cholestyramine treatment did not decrease the CA level significantly, but that of the CDCA decreased (P less than 0.05) and the ratio of CA/CDCA increased (P less than 0.05). In the other analyzed liver function test results, an increase (P less than 0.05) occurred only in the concentrations of conjugated bilirubin. The itching was relieved in five of the seven cases during the first week of treatment, but after that the symptom tended to reappear. There was a slight correlation between the decrease in the CDCA level and in the relief of the itching. The two drugs did not cause any particular side effects.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 1982
Summary. Gall bladder volume was measured by ultrasound in eight patients with cholestasis of pre... more Summary. Gall bladder volume was measured by ultrasound in eight patients with cholestasis of pregnancy, in 21 normal pregnant women and in 14 non‐pregnant women, and at the same time serum cholic and nodeoxycholic acid levels were estimated. The gall bladder volume was 60% larger in cholestasis than that in normal pregnancy and more than two times larger in normal pregnancy than in non‐pregnant women. The serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations were significantly higher in cholestasis of pregnancy than those in normal pregnancy.
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 1981
SummaryTwo primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and one seconda... more SummaryTwo primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and one secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), were measured by radioimmuno‐assay in pregnancy serum from 30 healthy women, 49 women with itching and 45 with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. All subjects were studied serially from between 16 and 20 weeks gestation until 35–60 days post partum. In healthy pregnant women, serum CA and DCA levels did not change significantly at any time. The mean CDCA level rose significantly towards term. In women with intrahepatic cholestasis, serum levels of CA and CDCA were increased ten‐ and five‐fold, respectively, at the time of appearance of clinical Symptoms and the CA/CDCA ratio rose from l/l to 2/1; there was also a moderate increase in the serum concentration of DCA. In 4 of 8 women studied prospectively an increase in serum bile acid levels preceded the appearance of Symptoms or other laboratory evidence of intrahepatic cholestasis. Nine of the wo...
Cholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid Concentrations in Serum During Infancy and Childhood
Acta Paediatrica, 1980
. Heikura, S., Similä, S., Finni, K., Mäentausta, O. and Jänne, O. (Departments of Clinical Chemi... more . Heikura, S., Similä, S., Finni, K., Mäentausta, O. and Jänne, O. (Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations in serum during infancy and childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 659, 1980.—Concentrations of two primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) were determined by radioimmunoassay in the serum of infants and children at ages ranging from 1 hour to 15 years. The same bile acids were also measured in umbilical cord serum. Concentrations of the primary bile acids were significantly higher in the serum of 1‐hour old infants than those in the umbilical cord serum or the peripheral vein serum of adults. The levels of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid remained high until the age of 6 months, being about 5‐fold higher than those in the sera of adults. Primary bile acid concentrations reached the adult level by the age of 1–2 years. These results indicate that developmental changes occur in the metabolism and excretion of bile acids in man. The relatively high concentrations of the primary bile acids in serum during the first 6 months of life suggest that up to this age, the mature ability of the liver to excrete the bile salts into the bile and/or to clear them from the circulation has not yet been reached.
Bioresources, Jan 9, 2018
Wood fiber sludge is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, and 750,000 tons are generated ... more Wood fiber sludge is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, and 750,000 tons are generated per year in Finland. When aqueous fiber sludge (solid matter content 10 to 20%) is modified with water and enzymes, it is called biotechnologically modified fiber sludge (BMFS). So far, native fiber sludge has been only a waste material in Finland, but according to a new waste law, its waste tax is 70 € per ton. According to the present EU and Finnish strategies on waste materials, circular economy, and material-efficiency, all waste must be utilized primarily as material (reuse, recycling) and secondarily as energy. For these reasons, it is very important to develop new eco-, cost-and material-efficient utilization methods for this aqueous "pure waste" instead of landfilling and combustion. Continuing earlier experiments, which proved that BMFS is a good and efficient binding agent for combustion pellets, BMFS was studied in new utilization applications such as bedding pellets for horses as well as a road and horse riding hall dust binding agent. In laboratory measurements and field experiments, BMFS is a very efficient dust-binding agent and effective binding agent for bedding pellets.
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Papers by Olli Mäentausta