Papers by Ewelina Olba-Zięty
Willow, Poplar, and Black Locust Debarked Wood as Feedstock for Energy and Other Purposes
Energies, Mar 23, 2024
Characteristics and Changes in the Properties of Cereal and Rapeseed Straw Used as Energy Feedstock
Energies, Mar 5, 2024
Aktualny stan efektywnosci energetycznej w rolnictwie Unii Europejskiej (The current state of energy efficiency in the agriculture of the European Union)
Energy efficiency is the goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide produ... more Energy efficiency is the goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. The general term "energy efficiency", when applied to agriculture,reflects changes in technology, governmental and EC policies – including the Common Agricultural Policy, climate change on a broad scale and local weather patterns, and farming management practices. There is not a single measure to describe, ensure, or improve energy efficiency. Instead, in the energy balance for a given production process, a variety of indicators may serve and support energy efficiency analysis. The results of this study are based on the specific input of primary energy per cultivation área (GJ ha-1) and on the specific input of primary energy per ton of agricultural product (GJ t-1). All the measures that are suitable to reduce the specific energy input, will improve energy efficiency (the energy efficiency measures). Improving energy efficiency of agricultural production contributes directly to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. This State of the Art analysis has been determined on the basis of the data provided by six countries: Finland, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal. The approach based on the life cycle analysis (LCA) has been chosen with the system boundary at the farm gate and have thus excluded processing into consumer goods. Specific energy input has been established for those agricultural products which have a decisive role in the EU foodstuff production, including: – crop production: wheat, sugar beet, potatoes, cotton, and sunflower; – greenhouse production of tomatoes, cucumber, and sweet pepper; – production of perennial crops such as vineyards and olive trees; – livestock production such as dairy cows (milk), pigs, and broilers. The analysis is based on average production figures, or best estimates, (should average figures be unavailable). In several cases figures have been found for different production systems within one country and up to three scenarios have been described. In this way, low, average, and high primary energy consumption (PEC) of the various production processes have been taken into consideration
Analiza ekonomiczna i srodowiskowa dzialan z zakresu efektywnosci energetycznej w rolnictwie (Economic and environmental analysis of activities in the field of energy efficiency in agriculture)
This text is the result of the collaboration of the partners of the AGREE work-package “Economic ... more This text is the result of the collaboration of the partners of the AGREE work-package “Economic and environmental analysis”, which is based on case study analyses of the partners in seven countries of the EU. The case studies show economic and environmental trade-offs in the different regions in the EU, for which each partner is responsible. Nevertheless prior to the reporting of the case studies an intensive discussion on a common methodological approach has been accomplished and applied to the case studies. The case studies show a wide range of different perspectives of energy efficiency in agriculture, but they are all based on the common methodology presented in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the case studies are presented, with authors indicated at the beginning of each section. Each section of Chapter 4 ends with a synthesis analysis of the results from the different case studies. Chapter 5 summarizes and concludes the report by highlighting the major findings of the analyses. The report builds upon the “State of the Art in Energy Efficiency in Europe” published separately by the AGREE consortium (Gołaszewski et al. 2012), which shows the status quo of energy use and possible energy efficiency measures in agriculture across different production systems and regions in Europe. This report presents an economic and environmental analysis based on in-depth case studies which show the potential for, and constraints on, energy efficiency measures in agriculture with respect to the specific environments in Europe
Prawne aspekty wspierania funkcjonowania biorafinerii w Polsce i niektórych państwach UE
Energies
The European Union has embarked on a European Green Deal programme that advocates for a transitio... more The European Union has embarked on a European Green Deal programme that advocates for a transition from fossil fuels to sustainable production. Attempts are being made to identify biomass sources and bioproducts (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or biofuels) that do not compete significantly with food production and have a low environmental impact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the environmental impact of the supercritical CO2 extraction of poplar biomass in a life cycle assessment (LCA). The production system was examined in a cradle-to-gate approach. In the analysed system, poplar biomass was extracted, and residual biomass was converted to pellets which were used to generate process heat. The functional unit was 1 kg of packaged extract. The results showed that the step of biomass extraction using S-CO2 (in subsystem II) made the greatest contribution to all but two impact categories, with contribution from 25.3% to 93.8% for land use and global warming categories,...
Energies, Aug 10, 2020
Willow biomass is used as a bioenergy source in various conversion technologies. It is noteworthy... more Willow biomass is used as a bioenergy source in various conversion technologies. It is noteworthy that apart from the beneficial environmental impact of a willow plantation, the biomass quality is also very important as it has an impact on the effectiveness of its use and emissions produced in various bioenergy technologies. Therefore, this study analysed the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of 15 genotypes of willow biomass from two plantations situated in the north of Poland, harvested in two consecutive three-year rotations. The differences in the moisture content, ash content and the lower heating value were mainly determined by the genotype, i.e., by genetic factors. In contrast, the content of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and hydrogen was determined by the location (environmental factors), but also by the genotype, and by a combination of these factors. The following were the mean levels of the willow biomass characteristics, regardless of the location, genotype and harvest rotation: 48.9% moisture content, 1.26% d.m. ash content, 19.4% d.m. fixed carbon, 79.4% d.m. volatile matter, 19.53 MJ kg -1 d.m. higher heating value, 8.20 MJ kg -1 lower heating value, 52.90% d.m. carbon, 6.23% d.m. hydrogen, 0.032% d.m. sulphur, 0.42% d.m. nitrogen. The present research has shown that the selection of the willow genotype is important for the quality of biomass as energy feedstock. However, plantation location, as well as successive harvest rotations, can have a significant impact on the biomass elemental composition.
Energies
Over the years, the generation of energy from renewable sources (RES) has gained importance becau... more Over the years, the generation of energy from renewable sources (RES) has gained importance because of a number of reasons. One of the most powerful arguments in favor of the development of RES is the deteriorating natural environment, and consequently worse human health, due to energy generation from fossil fuels. The extent of this impact can be determined by identifying external costs. In a circular economy, the estimation of external costs attracts much attention in both the literature and practice. The aim of this article was to review and analyze the latest literature (2018–2022) covering the external environmental costs of solid biomass production for energy purposes in the context of the political, legal and methodological debate concerning the production of energy from biomass, and to make an effort to estimate the external costs of producing energy from solid biomass grown for energy purposes. The methods used in the article were as follows: a comparative analysis of the c...
Agronomy Science, 2013
Opracowanie dotyczy charakterystyki termicznej okresu zimowego w latach 1990–2010 w dwóch miejsco... more Opracowanie dotyczy charakterystyki termicznej okresu zimowego w latach 1990–2010 w dwóch miejscowościach (Bałcyny, Tomaszkowo) należących do różnych mezoregionów Polski północno-wschodniej. Jako zimowy przyjęto okres z progową średnią dobową temperaturą powietrza niższą od 0°C przez 5 kolejnych dni. Scharakteryzowano następujące wskaźniki termiczne okresu zimowego: średnie i sumy temperatur powietrza, temperatury ekstremalne – minimalne i maksymalne, a także temperatury minimalne przy powierzchni gruntu. W badanych miejscowościach stwierdzono zróżnicowane występowanie początku i końca okresu zimowego. W analizowanym okresie 20-letnim średni czas trwania zimy w Bałcynach wynosił 80 dni, a w Tomaszkowie 85 dni. Mimo że w Bałcynach średni okres zimowy był krótszy o 5 dni niż w Tomaszkowie, charakteryzował się niższymi średnimi dobowymi temperaturami powietrza, temperaturami minimalnymi i maksymalnymi, a także temperaturami minimalnymi przy powierzchni gruntu. Z analizy statystycznej b...
Short rotation woody crops as a source of bioactive compounds depending on genotype and harvest cycle
Industrial Crops and Products, 2022
Biomass yield and quality of perennial herbaceous crops in a double harvest in a continental environment
Industrial Crops and Products, 2022
Energies, 2022
Exhaustion of fossil fuel resources, shrinking forest areas, with accompanying deterioration of t... more Exhaustion of fossil fuel resources, shrinking forest areas, with accompanying deterioration of their quality and striving (also of the society) to make forests perform their ecological function, with simultaneous development and propagation of the biomass conversion technologies—all of this necessitates research of forest biomass diversification. It is a consequence of the fact that its properties and composition depend not only on the genus but also on the plant organ, and they each time determine its usability as a raw biomaterial in a wide range of thermal, physical, or chemical conversion processes. This study reviewed and analysed selected qualitative and quantitative features of forest dendromass, taking into account the genus and a plant organ/morphological part, followed by a group of trees (coniferous and deciduous) and without the latter differentiation. The study involved an analysis of data covering 15 selected qualitative-quantitative features of forest dendromass with...
Energies, 2021
Conventional energy sources often do not fully satisfy the needs of a modern economy, especially ... more Conventional energy sources often do not fully satisfy the needs of a modern economy, especially given the climate changes associated with them. These issues should be addressed by diversification of energy generation, including the development of renewable energy sources (RES). Solid biomass will play a major part in the process in Poland. The function of rural areas, along with a well-developed agricultural and forest economy sector, will be a key aspect in this as these areas are suitable for solid biomass acquisition in various ways. This study aimed to determine the solid biomass energy potential in the commune of Goworowo to illustrate the potential in the smallest administrative units of Poland. This research determined the environmental and natural conditions in the commune, which helped to identify the crucial usable solid biomass resources. The total energy potential of solid biomass resources in the commune of Goworowo amounted to 97,672 GJ y−1. The highest potential was ...
pl S t r e s z c z e n i e. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wpływ warunków meteorologicz-n... more pl S t r e s z c z e n i e. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wpływ warunków meteorologicz-nych na plonowanie ziemniaka w latach 1972-1992 w dwóch mezoregionach Polski północno-wschodniej. W obliczeniach metodą wielowymiarowej analizy wariancji wykorzystano program MANOVA i uwzględniono następujące zmienne: średnie dobowe temperatury powietrza okresu wegetacyjnego, średnie dobowe temperatury sierpnia, stosunek sumy opadów w sierpniu do sumy opadów w okresie wegetacyjnym, sumy opadów okresu wegetacyjnego, stosunek opadów okresu wegetacyjnego do wymogów wodnych roślin. Dane wykorzystane w obliczeniach dotyczą lat o następujących plonach późnych odmian ziemniaka (Lenino, Uran) ≥30 Mg⋅ha-1. Stwierdzono istotność róŜnic klimatycznych w porównywanych mezoregionach. S ł o w a k l u c z o w e : elementy meteorologiczne, klimat, plon ziemniaka WSTĘP Warunki klimatyczne Polski cechuje znaczny stopień złoŜoności w róŜnych po-rach roku. Poszczególne regiony geograficzne charakteryzują się ...
Energies, 2020
Biomass remains one of the most important materials for the production of renewable energy in the... more Biomass remains one of the most important materials for the production of renewable energy in the European Union. Willow can be one of the sources of biomass, and its production can also be profitable on soils with low quality. A proper selection of raw material for energy production should be based not only on the cost effectiveness or crop yield, but also on the environmental impact and the cost it incurs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the external environmental costs of the production of willow chips of seven willow genotypes, produced for energy generation on marginal cropping lands. The environmental external costs of chips production were estimated against the amount of emissions calculated according to the LCA method (ReCiPe Midpoint) and its monetary value. The external environmental cost of willow chips production amounted to €212 ha−1 year−1, which constituted 23% of the total production cost of willow chips. The external cost of production of 1 Mg d.m. of willow ch...
Energy efficiency in chosen subsectors of agricultural production in Poland
Efektywność energetyczna w rolnictwie europejskim – studium przypadków
Wpływ Zmiany Użytkowania Gruntu Na Jakość Wód Obszaru Zdrenowanego W Lidzbarku Warmińskim
Inżynieria Ekologiczna, 2014
The study included groundwater outflow drainage systems and collected in the pond located at the ... more The study included groundwater outflow drainage systems and collected in the pond located at the agricultural use area in the portion of the drainage facility Lidzbark Warminski located on the Sępopolska Plain. The study was performed in two periods: the first one was in 1998–2000 (just after was made drainage), in which the discussed area was used as pasture, and the second in 2008–2010, in which after plowed of the soil was cultivated winter wheat. The aim of the study was to determine changes in water quality after the change of the way of land use. Examinations showed that as a result of the change of the way of using the area and ceasing of mineral fertilizing in waters of the pond was a reduction in the concentrations of the most mineral components, but an increase of pH reaction and concentrations of potassium, magnesium of sulfates and bicarbonates. In groundwaters observed increased the content of concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen, phosphatic phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, general iron and bicarbonates, and a reduction in the concentrations of calcium, sodium, sulfates and chlorides. However in the water which outflow from drainage pipelines system from the research area was an increase of concentrations most of the determined substances, apart from ammonia nitrogen and chlorides.
Source material and scope of the study The present study analyses data from eighteen meteorologic... more Source material and scope of the study The present study analyses data from eighteen meteorological stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management located within an area determined by coordinates between latitude 53o N and the northern border of Poland and between longitude 19° E to the eastern border of Poland. The study applies terms and names derived from the description of the area by Kondracki [KONDRACKI 2000] to specify spatial locations. The north-west (NW) of the area under analysis includes Żulawy Wiślane (the Vistula Delta), the Elbląg Upland, the Warmia Plain, the Orneta Plain and the Gorowo Hills, and it is characterized using the data originating from stations in Elbląg, Frombork and Dobrocin. The north (N) includes the area with the Sepopol Lowland and the Wegorapa Land and the area characterized by stations located in Ketrzyn and Lidzbark Warminski. The north-east (NE) part of the described area covers the Szeskie Hills, the Romnicka Primeval Forest, th...
Uploads
Papers by Ewelina Olba-Zięty