Papers by Muhammad wali Jan
This fifth edition has benefitted from helpful comments made by the readers of the first four edi... more This fifth edition has benefitted from helpful comments made by the readers of the first four editions. We were encouraged to stay with the basic aim and format of the book: a succinct and readable introduction to the major IR theories and approaches. We also followed suggestions for expanded coverage of post-positivism (new Chapter 9) and clarifications in the chapter on key issues in IR (Chapter 11). All chapters are brought up to date in the light of current international events and ongoing debates in the discipline. The book now has clearer structure, with chapters organized in four parts: (1) Studying IR; (2) Classical Theories; (3) Contemporary Approaches and Debates; (4) Policy and Issues. The supporting website has been revised and expanded; web links include references to theoretical debates as well as to information on world situations in specific geographical locations, thus giving students a perspective on how theory can speak to the real world. A glossary with key terms is included at the end of the book. We are grateful for support and encouragement from a large number of people. Tim Barton of Oxford University Press warmly supported the project from the very start. Several anonymous readers made constructive suggestions for revisions and clarifications. Many colleagues
An investigation of the problems of the English program in the intermediate boys' schools of Saudi Arabia
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2020
Salinity is a major limiting factor which disrupts the plant physiology as well as reduces the pl... more Salinity is a major limiting factor which disrupts the plant physiology as well as reduces the plant growth. Salinity stress can be minimized by potassium application as it regulates the plant growth. Protective effect of potassium application on NaCl induced stress in two tomato genotypes (Nasir and Skyland-II) at two levels of NaCl (0 and 7.5 dS m À1) combined with two levels of soil-applied K (0 and 4.50 mM) as well as with two levels of foliar-applied K (0 and 2% solution) was studied. Results showed that Skyland-II had significantly more dry biomass production, shoot K þ concentration under saline condition (7.5 dS m À1) and Nasir tomato genotype. Potassium contents were significantly higher when potassium was applied which reduced the adverse effect of salinity and thus enhanced the plant biomass. The increasing concentration of potassium in the Skyland-II genotype positively affected chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and K þ /Na þ ratio. Salinity stress adversely reduced plant growth in both of the genotypes. It was concluded that potassium application improved plant growth especially in the Skyland-II genotype. Comparing the application methods, the soil applied potassium improved plant growth and decreased the adverse effect of salinity and could be used as an effective method for better production.
Reproductive Biology, 2019
To investigate whether autophagy and subcellular changes are involved in the corpus luteum after ... more To investigate whether autophagy and subcellular changes are involved in the corpus luteum after heat exposure, a total of 30 early pregnant mice were divided equally into heat stress (HS) and non-HS (NHS) groups (n = 15). Mice in the HS group were exposed to 40.5 ± 0.2 ℃ for 7 consecutive days. Ovaries were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serum was collected to determine progesterone by RIA and uteri were collected to count the implantation sites. Results showed that heat exposure increased rectal temperature, decreased body weight and number of implantation sites. WB analysis revealed that ovarian expression of LC3B and Atg7 was up-regulated, while p62 was downregulated in the HS group. IHC results demonstrated that ovarian staining intensity of LC3B was more intense in the HS group than that of the NHS group. LC3B was mainly localized in the granulosa cells, oocytes and luteal steroidogenic cells of the HS group. TEM results revealed double-layered separated membranes indicative of autophagosomes in the luteal steroidogenic cells of the HS group. Moreover, TEM showed that the mitochondrial cristae became dearth, structure-less, swollen after HS. Additionally, the nucleus expanded and accumulation of lipid droplets increased after HS. Results also showed that heat exposure decreased serum progesterone level and ovarian P450scc expression. These results indicate that HS enhanced autophagy and altered the subcellular structure of luteal steroidogenic cells, which may contribute to interfering with the maintenance of luteal function in early pregnant mice.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 2016
Institutions of higher education are facing new challenges in improving their quality of teaching... more Institutions of higher education are facing new challenges in improving their quality of teaching nowadays. Educators believe that effective and quality teaching depend on strategies. Sense of
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 1991
The suture zones bordering the Indian subcontinent on the E, N and W are characterized in several... more The suture zones bordering the Indian subcontinent on the E, N and W are characterized in several places by the occurrence of ophiolitic complexes and tectonic melanges. High-P metamorphic rocks have recently been discovered in the melanges in Burma, Naga Hills, southern Tibet, eastern and western Ladakh, Kohistan (Jijal, Allai, Shangla) and Khost (Afghanistan). The development of these rocks has an important bearing on the plate tectonics of the Himalaya. The High-P metamorphic rocks belong to prehnite-pumpellyite, blueschist and high-P greensehist facies but extensive garnet-granulites have developed at 35 km depth in Jijal. In the Indus-Zangbo suture zone (IZS) the high-P metamorphism is complemented to the N by low-or medium-P metamorphism and calc-alkaline magmatism in Tibet, Ladakh as well as Kohistan. High-P metamorphism in Jijal has been dated at 104 Ma, in Shangla at 70-100 Ma and in western Ladakh during mid-Cretaceous. Elsewhere, the timing of the high-P metamorphism is not known but a Cretaceous age is inferred.. Since collision along the IZS occurred during Eocene, the high-P metamorphism is therefore related to the northwards subduction of the neo-Tethyan lithosphere under Tibet or late Mesozoic magmatic arcs. The timing of high-P metamorphism coincides with the breakup of India from Gondwanaland and its rapid northwards movement, whereas the tectonic melanges may principally have formed during Eocene collision and obduction.
Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting, 2013
The rationale behind the establishment of Islamic organisations globally is based on the precept ... more The rationale behind the establishment of Islamic organisations globally is based on the precept that Islamic organisations’ practices are conducted in accordance with the strict values and principles of Syariah. In line with this premise, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies and practices of Islamic organisations should be underpinned by Islamic laws and principles as revealed in the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Drawing on the doctrine of Maqasid alSyariah and the concept of Maslahah, this study proposes an Islamic CSR (i-CSR) conceptual framework that will align the CSR policies and practices of Islamic organisations with the principles and values of Islam. The two conceptions are integrated with the CSR dimensions resulting in the prioritization of CSR practices based on Syariah principles. This study provides a structured approach to CSR policies and practices for Islamic organisations to ensure full compliance with Islamic principles. Such a conceptual framework would ...
The Three Roles of Agricultural Markets
Economic and Political Weekly, Dec 20, 2012
Morpho-physiological characterization of sun-flower genotypes under saline conditions
-1 ) were developed by using NaCl salt. Results revealed that salinity stress drastically affecte... more -1 ) were developed by using NaCl salt. Results revealed that salinity stress drastically affected the morphological, physiological and chemical attributes of all sunflower genotypes under all levels of salinity. Studies further exhibited th at Hysun-33 was found leading genotype at high level of salinity (12 dS m -1 ) by showing less reduction in all plant growth attributes i.e. plant height (46.58%), plant biomass (83.20), SPAD value (21.68%), flower diameter (41.80%), flower weight (78%), relative increase in plant height per day (13%), relative growth rate (53.33), Ca +2 (8%) concentration and K + /Na + (65.60%), relative to percent of control treatment. The results of our experiment clearly indicated that HYSUN-33 can perform well followed by SF-187 and genotype S-287 is
A Pipeline Based Approach for Experimental Neuroscience Data Management
The field of neuroscience is witnessing a huge influx of experimental data thanks to the improvem... more The field of neuroscience is witnessing a huge influx of experimental data thanks to the improvements in the data acquisition tools and techniques. Most of this data is being collected by thousands of experimenters located in various institutions around the world. There is also a growing interest in using this experimental data for building biologically realistic computational models of the neuronal systems. One such project i.e. the Blue Brain Project is developing a bottom-up neuronal modeling and simulation framework using experimental data collected at laboratories worldwide. However, to use the experimental data effectively in computational neuroscience research, the data needs to be annotated with metadata such as details of the experimental protocols and conditions, animal subject used etc. Most of the platforms for experimental neuroscience data management operate under the assumption that the primary data has been validated, and properly annotated before it is uploaded to the system. Thus putting the responsibility of validating, and annotating the experimental data with the experimenter conducting the study. Consequently, most experimenters maintain their own data using ad-hoc systems with non-standard metadata schemes; and only upload the final set of data to the data management platform. As a result, the metadata is usually incomplete, and does not always comply with the requirements of the data management platform, negatively impacting the reusability of their data. The current thesis work explored the question of the experimental data management within the context of the Blue Brain Project, and designs a data management pipeline catering for the acquisition, annotation and validation of the experimental data and associated metadata, in order to ensure that the data is usable for the computational modeling purposes. The pipeline enforces a data review process whereby incoming experimental data was made to go through a series of steps, analogous to the scientific review process, systematically improving the quality of the experimental data and associated metadata.
Ono Pincer Ligands and Ono Pincer Ligand Comprising Metal Complexes
Salesperson's tenure: a comparative study from three consumer sector industries
Salesperson’s tenure is a major issue for companies especially in today’s era of high competition... more Salesperson’s tenure is a major issue for companies especially in today’s era of high competition. High rates of employees turnover is reported to impact organisational productivity and competitiveness. The present study aims to identify and test those factors which are playing an important role in salesmanship career tenure. Moreover, it also aims to find out any equivalence or non-equivalence in the antecedents of salespersons’ tenure across three different industries, namely, automobile, insurance, and multi-level-marketing (MLM). For this purpose a self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed among 600 salespeople working in the aforementioned three sectors. A total of 395 usable questionnaires were finally selected for data analysis. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software programme packages for windows. First of all the data was screened for any missing values, outliers, and normality. After screening of the data, descriptive analysis was undertaken to gain insight into the acquired data. Descriptive statistical analyses revealed that majority of the respondent were males. Further it was exposed in the analyses that most of the respondents were married (57.2%) and was from the age group of 25 to 34. Around thirty-nine per cent of the respondents had a minimum of certificate or diploma level education and were Malays. After descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to extract the number of factors and their subsequent items. These extracted factors and items were then confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. A total of five factors were extracted and confirmed during exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then used to examine the variables and the fitness of proposed model. We found a significant positive impact of intrinsic motivation on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Similarly, we also found the impact of organisational commitment on employee productivity and tenure, and the impact of employee productivity on tenure. Finally, structural invariance tests were conducted in order to examine structural invariance of the baseline model across three different consumer sector industries. The results revealed that the baseline model is non-invariant across automobile, insurance, and MLM. Suggestions for further research, using the same model, were given based on our findings. The findings of this study have a major implication for marketing organisations and more specifically for recruitment agencies.
Antecedents of the use of online banking by students in Malaysia: extended TAM validated through SEM
Purpose – The radical advances in the electronic banking technologies have inaugurated unique met... more Purpose – The radical advances in the electronic banking technologies have inaugurated unique methods of transaction with a bank, especially using online banking medium. The main purpose of this study is to replicate an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) in order to determine those factors that impact the students’ intention to use online banking, in Malaysian context. Two main banks were selected for data collection purposes, namely, Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad and Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad. Design/methodology/ approach – A self-administered questionnaire, which was already developed and tested previously by various scholars, have been adapted for the present study. The questionnaire was distributed through convenience sampling to 550 students of different faculties and universities in Malaysia. A total of 451 usable responses were finally selected for the data analysis purpose. First, the descriptive analysis was undertaken in order to observe the data for various trends. After descriptive analysis, data was inferentially analyzed by deploying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The main steps of SEM followed in this particular research were; Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and full fledge Structural Equation Modelling, which led to hypothesis testing using AMOS computer software. Findings – The results indicate that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Enjoyment, and Quality of Internet Connection are the main antecedents of the use of online banking by students. Moreover, the Information on Online Banking significantly affects Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Enjoyment. Furthermore, Quality of Internet Connection statistically significantly impact Perceived Enjoyment and Security & Privacy. Descriptive statistics indicates 71.8% males and 28.2% females, 46.3% have their accounts in Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad and 34.6% in Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad. A total of 90.7% students were in between 15 to 35 years of their age. Most of them (64.5%) were the master’s students of different fields, with majority of them (35.9%) pursuing their MBA. Research limitations/ implications – The use of convenience sampling in this study weakens research objectivity and the relatively small size of the sample somewhat limits generalizations. Originality/ value – The use of complex modelling techniques, namely, Structural Equation Modelling is a novel attempt in validating the extended TAM. Further, this study also extends the understanding of the technology acceptance model from students’ behaviour perspective. Perhaps the model validated in the present research can be adopted by future researchers for further investigation, especially in other countries and industries.
Outcome of early cholecystecotmy in acute mild biliary pancreatitis
Rawal Medical Journal, 2014
Women Health in Rural Pakistan in Millennium Development Goals Perspectives
Journal of Poverty Investment and Development, 2015
This aim of this research was to study the situation of different Millennium Development Goals (M... more This aim of this research was to study the situation of different Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) indicators at the gross root level in Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this primary data were collected with the help of pre-designed questionnaires through face to face interview from 60 randomly households head. The data was analysed by using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Main finding revealed that majority and statistically significant respondents not using any contraceptive methods. Majority of the respondents have no deliveries in their homes ended in last 3 years and there was no significant difference in the percent distribution of the respondents in the selected villages regarding this. Maternal health care, births attendant status and immunization of children against EPI are not up to the mark. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, DM is at maximum. The study recommends for social campaign/awareness, births control at the household’s level, training of more skillful persons having specialty in the maternal health care, immunization of children of less than 2 years about the different contagious diseases. Key w ords : Maternal health, HIV/AIDS preventions, MDGs
Online banking acceptance in Malaysia: a students' behaviour perspective
Purpose: Adopting the technology acceptance model, this research examines the factors that determ... more Purpose: Adopting the technology acceptance model, this research examines the factors that determine intention to use online banking in Malaysia, focusing on students of different faculties and different age groups of different higher educational institution in Malaysia. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are considered to be the fundamental factors in detennining the acceptance and use of various information technologies. Design/methodology/ approach - The approach takes the form of an empirical study with 303 usable responses on a questionnaire with five-point Likert scale. Findings - The results indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are strong determinants of the students' behavioural intention to adopt online banking in Malaysia. According to descriptive statistics, we have got 70.6% male and 29.4% female's response. Out of which, are generally having 46.5% of their accounts in Bank Muamalat and 32.7% in Bank Islam, and more than 50% of them having current accounts in their respective banks. Usually 88.4% students are in between 15 to 30 years of their age. Most of them were the master's students of different fields and approximately 50% utilise online banking services from the bank. Research limitationsl implications - The use of convenience sampling in this study weakens research bbjectivity and the relatively small size of the sample somewhat limits generalisations. Originality/value - Extends the understanding of the technology acceptance model from students' behaviour perspective.
A roadmap for CRM success : in light of the technology CSFS
The primary objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that depicts the impact ... more The primary objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that depicts the impact of technology related critical success factors (CSFs) on customer relationship management (CRM) success, namely, customer satisfaction. This paper uses a qualitative methodology that comprises of a comprehensive literature review of academic researches. Evidences from the extant literatures have suggested that four main technology CSFs; sales force automation, data warehousing & data mining, the internet, and call centres will positively affect customer satisfaction. It is also revealed that trust and privacy play the role as mediating variables between technology CSFs and CRM success. Given that this paper is a conceptual paper, there is need to embark on empirical data gathering to validate the conceptual model presented. The paper suggest that in order to satisfy the customers and make the CRM strategy work effectively, there is a need for the organisations to consider the technology CSFs because it works as an enabler of the whole CRM process. This paper primarily conceptualise a model that would assist in determining the impacts of technology CSFs on CRM success. It generally provides the organisations with CRM focus, by complementing recent works that have been conducted on the role of technology CSFs in achieving CRM success. It concluded by proposing a model for future testing.
Pak-US Relations: Convergence of Interests
Putaj Humanities and Social Sciences, Dec 31, 2014
Pak-US relations have not always been steady. There is occasional turbulence and recurrent cordia... more Pak-US relations have not always been steady. There is occasional turbulence and recurrent cordiality in this relationship. There are many issues on which both the states differ but it is the convergence of interests that bring them closer again and again. The recent Pak-US nexus is the outcome of the tragic attacks of September 11, 2011, popularly known as 9/11. Security interests of both the states converge at the point of hunting down the terrorists since Pakistan itself is a victim of terrorism. US declared Pakistan’s support in war on terror a crucial one because without Pakistan’s support it would have been very difficult to flush out the terrorist organizations. To facilitate US Pakistan provided logistic and intelligence support and conceded them air bases. Both the states also started strategic dialogues in which they agreed to further develop mutual cooperation between them. Both United States and Pakistan share the same desire of promoting peace in South Asia. For this purpose US is also playing its role in settling the differences between the two nuclear powers of the region (i.e India and Pakistan). They also agreed on the point that a peaceful Afghanistan is necessary for regional stability. United States is helping Pakistan to overcome energy shortage and sponsoring many developmental projects though USAID as well. This paper proposes that these issues manifest potential areas of interest convergence, which will facilitate strong relations in future.
Web Based Marketing: Islamic Versus Conventional Banks of Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Comparison Between the Effects of Extracts from Seeds of Myristica fragrans and Cimetidine on the Volume and Acidity of Carbachol Induced Gastric Secretion in Fasting Rabbits
Pakistan journal of medical research
Background: Over production of gastric acid in response to various stimuli is responsible for pep... more Background: Over production of gastric acid in response to various stimuli is responsible for peptic ulceration in majority of patients. Calcium plays an important role in the release of various stimulant mediators. The seeds of Myristica fragrans are reported to have calcium channel blocking activity. This study was designed to find out the effects of extract from seeds of Myrstica fragrans on the volume and acidity, both free and total, of Carbachol induced gastric secretion and to compare the results with that of Cimetidine on the same parameters. Methods: Thirty rabbits of local breed weighing 1-1.5kg were used. The animals were kept on fasting for 48 hours after which the pylorus of each animal was ligated. The extract was injected 500mg/Kg, Cimetidine 2.5 mg/kg and Carbachol 600µg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally, in pylorus ligated rabbits. Results: It was found that the extract reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion, which were statistically highly ...
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Papers by Muhammad wali Jan