Papers by Muhammad irfan Awan
Role of Allama Iqbal Open University in Promoting Education among Rural Women in Southern Punjab
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2018
Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies
The article strives to expose the attitude of a western grown Muslim scholar Shahab Ahmad (1966 –... more The article strives to expose the attitude of a western grown Muslim scholar Shahab Ahmad (1966 – 2015 AD) to the 2nd major Islamic source Ḥadīth and its sciences. The question to be answered here is what kind of approach, hostile or supporting, Shahab had towards Ḥadīth sciences? Many critics knocked his corpus regarding his modern conceptualization of Islam, but his Ḥadīth sense remained undiscussed yet. This paper encircled all his Ḥadīth treatment while using the analytical research approach. Shahab seems facing a great opposition of Ḥadīth terminology in the way of proving his life-argument of ‘satanic verses’. Shahab put several grave accusations on Muḥaddithīn (the traditionists) just like as “adjusters” and “editors” of chains and “underminers of text”. His excessive usage of deficient and incomplete chains of transmission to prove his argument, his acceptance of omitted chains and declaration of complete chains as ‘fabricated’, his ‘self-assumptions’ in the chains all depic...
Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences, 2012
Leukemias are the heterogeneous group of disorders of hematopoietic system, characterized by pres... more Leukemias are the heterogeneous group of disorders of hematopoietic system, characterized by presence of blast cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Leukemias frequently present with fever, weight loss, pallor, easy fatigue-ability, bruising, and spontaneous bleeding. CNS manifestations are very uncommon, and are either treatment related or late manifestations1,2,3,4. Objective: To report the case of a 50-year-old lady who presented with ptosis and was later diagnosed as a case of leukemia. Case Report: 50 year old female presented with complete bilateral painless ptosis of sudden onset preceded by high grade intermittent fever. Her blood complete picture showed bicytopenia with blast cells on peripheral smear. After bone marrow biopsy the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia L3 was established. Conclusion: Ptosis is a common manifestation of third nerve palsy, neuromuscular disorders and orbital pathology. However a broader perspective must be maintained while evaluating the causes of ptosis as a systemic disease like leukemia can also present with ptosis.
Subject-independent human activity recognition using Smartphone accelerometer with cloud support
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2015
Human activity recognition is an important task in providing contextual user information. In this... more Human activity recognition is an important task in providing contextual user information. In this study, we present a methodology to achieve human activity recognition using a Smartphone accelerometer independent of a subject compared with other user-dependent solutions. The proposed system is composed of four components; a data collector, a data storage cloud, a workstation module and an activity recogniser. The data collector extracts a unique set of defined features from raw data and sends them to the data storage cloud. The workstation module receives the training data from the cloud and generates classification models. The activity recogniser determines the user's current activity based on up-to-date available classifier from the cloud. A prototype is implemented on an android platform to recognise a set of basic daily living activities by placing the Smartphone in different positions to the user and evaluated for offline and online testing to show the scalability and effectiveness.
This thesis entitled "Development of a Model for Training Literacy Personnel in Pakistan" is here... more This thesis entitled "Development of a Model for Training Literacy Personnel in Pakistan" is hereby accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education with Specialization in Distance and Non-Formal Education.
An adaptive context engine based on activity recognition using Smartphone sensors
Activity recognition in WSN: A data-driven approach
Activity recognition is a key component in identifying the context of a user for providing servic... more Activity recognition is a key component in identifying the context of a user for providing services based on the application. In this study, we propose a model that is based on the recognition of users' activities through wireless sensors network technologies. The model is composed of four components: set of sensors, set of activities, backend server with machine learning algorithms and a GUI application for the interaction with the user. New sensors can be added to the system based on the novel activities. In order to train the model, a sequence of steps involved in an activity need to be performed and then the model is applied for the identification of the same activity in future and visualize through GUI application. A prototype is developed to show the usability of the proposed model. As a pilot testing only accelerometer data of android phone is used to identify the activities of daily living (ADL); sitting, standing, walking and jogging. The model is trained by getting the...
Journal of Systems Architecture, 2015
A large part of power dissipation in a system is generated by I/O devices. Increasingly these dev... more A large part of power dissipation in a system is generated by I/O devices. Increasingly these devices provide power saving mechanisms to inter alia enhance battery life. While I/O device scheduling has been studied in the past for realtime systems, the use of energy resources by these scheduling algorithms may be improved. These approaches are crafted considering a huge overhead of device transition. The technology enhancement has allowed the hardware vendors to reduce the device transition overhead and energy consumption. We propose an intra-task device scheduling algorithm for real time systems that allows to shutdown devices while ensuring the system schedulability. Our results show an energy gain of up to 90% in the best case when compared to the state-of-the-art.
2013 IEEE 19th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, 2013
Modern real-time embedded systems have increasingly penetrated our daily life and are also often ... more Modern real-time embedded systems have increasingly penetrated our daily life and are also often constrained in terms of temperature and energy. In this paper, a thesis is defended that from real-time systems perspective, thermally constrained dynamic power management approaches behave very similar to idealised dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Hence, existing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling solutions proposed for periodic/sporadic task models can be applied to thermally constrained dynamic power management systems with moderate effort. This work presents the similarities along with the distinctive elements between two approaches. Within the case study, the porting of a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling algorithm of the literature to thermally constrained dynamic power management system is demonstrated.
A survey of augmented reality on handheld devices
The popularity of Smartphones makes new fields of applications based on location based service ea... more The popularity of Smartphones makes new fields of applications based on location based service easily feasible with a new user interface called augmented reality (AR). It presents a particularly powerful user interface to context-aware computing environments. AR on Smartphones integrates virtual information into a person's physical environment by overlaying information on an image taken through Smartphone’s camera and motion sensors. Mobile augmented reality systems provide this service without constraining the individual’s whereabouts to a specially equipped area. This work presents an overview of handheld augmented reality focusing on applications with introducing the basic issues of them. For this purpose, an example system, Studierstube ES (embedded system), is cited, which introduces the most significant problems and various methods of solving them through the experience of converting existing PC-based AR system into handheld AR.
Proceedings of the 21st International conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, 2013
Energy consumption is a major concern in modern real-time embedded systems and leakage current is... more Energy consumption is a major concern in modern real-time embedded systems and leakage current is a main contributor to it. To deal with the leakage current, several procrastination approaches have been proposed in the past in order to reduce the energy consumption. These approaches approximate the procrastination interval for the ease of analysis and sub-optimally utilise the potential to reduce the energy consumption. This paper presents an optimal method to determine the procrastination interval of each task and generalise the task-model to cover the constrained deadline tasks. Analytical and experimental results show the superiority of the proposed technique. In the best case, the proposed technique extends the average sleep interval up to 75% and decreases the energy consumption in idle state up to 55% over the state-of-the-art.
PhD milestone demands dedication, hard work, patience, concentration, motivation and support from... more PhD milestone demands dedication, hard work, patience, concentration, motivation and support from people around you. Many individuals made this challenging milestone easier for me and paved the way to my success. First of all, I would like to express my very great appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor Stefan M. Petters for his valuable ideas, constructive discussions, useful feedback and excellent guidance. He never let me down at any stage and kept my motivation alive throughout my PhD process. I am very grateful to him for providing me such an exciting opportunity to work on this interesting topic, sharing his vast experience in this domain and encouraging me to work on different problems of my choice within this topic. I have learned a lot during his extraordinary supervision. I would also like to thank Eduardo Tovar for providing us an ideal research environment in CISTER. He was always accessible to solve our issues. I am also thankful to Stefan and Eduardo for arranging funds to attend conferences and summer schools. Also, I am grateful to Ines Almeida, Sanda Almeida and Cristiana Barros for taking care of administrative stuff in CISTER and Portugal. Especially, I really appreciate the effort of Ines for solving our visa-related issues and helping us with the local authorities here in Portugal. My special thanks to the technical stuff for providing us an excellent working environment in CISTER and allowing us to use lab resources for our experiments. I would like to express my gratitude to my colleague and a good friend Patrick Meumeu Yomsi for improving my theorem proving skills and sharing interesting research ideas in the last two years of my PhD that resulted in reputed conference publications. I am extremely thankful to Geoffrey Nelissen, whose ideas on global power management and partitioned allocation problem will hopefully result in potential good quality publications. I really enjoyed working with Patrick and Goeffrey because of their clear thoughts and pragmatic approach to solve problems. My lab mate and a very good friend, Borislav Nikolic, helped me to develop the SPARTS simulator used in this thesis to evaluate the performance of different algorithms. I enjoyed his company as a friend and as a colleague. I wish to acknowledge the help of Gurulingesh Raravi and Vikram Gupta in the initial phases of my study of partitioned multicore power management problem. The discussions we had really helped me to understand the nature of the problem. I am particularly grateful to Dakai Zhu and Jian-Jia Chen for providing useful comments in the initial phases of my thesis research plan. I would also like to thank Antonio Barros, Paulo Baltarejo Sousa and Joao Loureiro for translating the abstract of my thesis to Portuguese language. I feel myself very lucky to share the workspace with Dakshina Dasari, Hazim Ali, Borislav, Artem Burmyakov and Kostiantyn Berezovskyi. You people are a great company. With such people around you never feel bored at work. Thanks to
Modern multicore processors for the embedded market are often heterogeneous in nature. One featur... more Modern multicore processors for the embedded market are often heterogeneous in nature. One feature often available are multiple sleep states with varying transition cost for entering and leaving said sleep states. This research effort explores the energy efficient task-mapping on such a heterogeneous multicore platform to reduce overall energy consumption of the system. This is performed in the context of a partitioned scheduling approach and a very realistic power model, which improves over some of the simplifying assumptions often made in the state-of-the-art. The developed heuristic consists of two phases, in the first phase, tasks are allocated to minimise their active energy consumption, while the second phase trades off a higher active energy consumption for an increased ability to exploit savings through more efficient sleep states. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Journal of Systems Architecture, 2014
Energy consumption is one of the major issues for modern embedded systems. Early, power saving ap... more Energy consumption is one of the major issues for modern embedded systems. Early, power saving approaches mainly focused on dynamic power dissipation, while neglecting the static (leakage) energy consumption. However, technology improvements resulted in a case where static power dissipation increasingly dominates. Addressing this issue, hardware vendors have equipped modern processors with several sleep states. We propose a set of leakage-aware energy management approaches that reduce the energy consumption of embedded real-time systems while respecting the real-time constraints. Our algorithms are based on the race-to-halt strategy that tends to run the system at top speed with an aim to create long idle intervals, which are used to deploy a sleep state. The effectiveness of our algorithms is illustrated with an extensive set of simulations that show an improvement of up to 8% reduction in energy consumption over existing work at high utilization. The complexity of our algorithms is smaller when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. We also eliminate assumptions made in the related work that restrict the practical application of the respective algorithms. Moreover, a novel study about the relation between the use of sleep intervals and the number of pre-emptions is also presented utilizing a large set of simulation results, where our algorithms reduce the experienced number of pre-emptions in all cases. Our results show that sleep states in general can save up to 30% of the overall number of pre-emptions when compared to the sleep-agnostic earliest-deadline-first algorithm.
Real-Time Technology and Applications - Proceedings, 2013
Modern multicore processors for the embedded market are often heterogeneous in nature. One featur... more Modern multicore processors for the embedded market are often heterogeneous in nature. One feature often available are multiple sleep states with varying transition cost for entering and leaving said sleep states. This research effort explores the energy efficient task-mapping on such a heterogeneous multicore platform to reduce overall energy consumption of the system. This is performed in the context of a partitioned scheduling approach and a realistic power model, which improves over some of the simplifying assumptions often made in the state-ofthe-art. The developed heuristic consists of two phases, in the first phase, tasks are allocated to minimise their active energy consumption, while the second phase trades off a higher active energy consumption for an increased ability to exploit savings through more efficient sleep states. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems, SIES 2013, 2013
COTS-based multicores are now the preferredchoice for hosting embedded applications owing to thei... more COTS-based multicores are now the preferredchoice for hosting embedded applications owing to their immensecomputational capabilities, small form factor and low powerconsumption. Many of these embedded applications have real-timerequirements and real-time system designers must be ableassess them for their predictability and provide guarantees (atdesign time) that they deliver the correct functional behaviorwithin predefined time bounds. However, the underlyingarchitecture of commercially available multicores is extremelycomplex and non-amenable to straightforward timing analysis.In this paper, we highlight the architectural features leading totemporal unpredictability, which mainly involve shared hardwareresources, such as buses, caches, and memories. We explore someof the existing work in timing analysis with respect to thesefeatures, identify their limitations, and present some unaddressedissues that must be dealt with to ensure safe deployment of real-timesystems.
Many people from all over the world have been supplied with mobile terminals, which has increased... more Many people from all over the world have been supplied with mobile terminals, which has increased the computing power of each individual. Based on this increased utilization of mobile terminals, there are new services that are emerging. Also, as user created content (UCC) is becoming widely available, the new era of easily sharing contents with others has started. Also, users prefer realtime UCC broadcasting because of their desire to communicate with other users with user-created contents. Thus, this study will present a mobile terminal and additional servers for the maintenance of configuring a real-time personal broadcasting service. Our proposed scheme presents a stable real-time personal broadcasting community for mobile terminals. Therefore, it will help people share contents with others that share similar interests. This will also allow users to acquire even more information and develop more interests.
International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing, 2014
Human activity recognition is an emerging field of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. Although r... more Human activity recognition is an emerging field of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. Although recent smartphones have powerful resources, the execution of machine learning algorithms on a large amount of data is still a burden on smartphones. Three major factors including; classification algorithm, data feature, and smartphone position influence the recognition accuracy and time. In this paper, we present a comparative study of six classification algorithms, six data features, and four different positions that are most commonly used in the recognition process using smartphone accelerometer. This analysis can be used to select any specific classification algorithm, data feature, and smartphone position for human activity recognition in terms of accuracy and response time. The methodology we used is composed of two major components; a data collector, and a classifier. A set of eleven activities of daily living, four different positions for data collection and ten volunteers contributed to make it a worth-full comparative study. Results show that K-Nearest Neighbor and J48 algorithms performed well both in terms of time and accuracy irrespective of data features whereas the performance of other algorithms is dependent on the selected data features. Similarly, mean and mode features gave good results in terms of accuracy irrespective of the classification algorithm. A short version of the paper has already been presented at ICIS 2014.
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2013
The essence of context awareness has changed the revolution of ubiquitous computing, and the wire... more The essence of context awareness has changed the revolution of ubiquitous computing, and the wireless sensor network technologies paved the way towards many applications. Activity recognition is a key component in identifying the context of a user for providing services based on the application. In this study, we propose a context management model that is based on activity recognition. The model is composed of four components: a set of sensors, a set of activities, a backend server with machine learning algorithms, and a GUI application for the interaction with the user. A prototype is developed to show the usability of the proposed model. As a pilot testing, only accelerometer data of an Android phone is used to identify the activities of daily living (ADLs): sitting, standing, walking, and jogging. A good accuracy of results that is about 96% on average is achieved in all activities.
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Papers by Muhammad irfan Awan