Papers by Moustafa Hassan
Optical and Quantum Electronics
In this paper, we suppose an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system, where the c... more In this paper, we suppose an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system, where the communication utilizes visible light communication for its advantages as wide spectrum, high data rate and high accuracy. The novelty of this paper is focused on improving the channel estimation between transmitter and receiver, where using Kalman Filter (KF) for channel estimation in UOWCs achieves the best results as compared to other traditional channel estimation methods. The scenario of this paper is summarized in transmitting data from transmitter to receiver via underwater harbor and coastal channels. Two channel models are utilized: weighted double gamma functions (WDGF) and a combination of exponential and arbitrary power function (CEAPF). The modulation technique used is optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with two kinds: direct current optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) and asymmetrically clipping optical orthogonal frequency division m...
This paper covers Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology. General description, implementation issues, an... more This paper covers Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology. General description, implementation issues, and applications are covered. Different proposed modulation techniques; namely TH-PPM, TH-BPSK and TH-OOK are described along with some mathematical models and simulation results. Moreover, the temporal mathematical representations of several monopulse signals are illustrated, and their power spectral densities are presented.
Electronics
In this article, a base station array antenna in 1 × 6 configuration is proposed for sub-6 GHz 5G... more In this article, a base station array antenna in 1 × 6 configuration is proposed for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Analyses have been performed on two orthogonally arranged dipole strips, a balun with various feeding schemes, and a reflector with different side walls. At the balanced feed position, aluminum is used to connect the feeding balun and the dipole through a hole. A single crossed antenna element of size 66 × 66 × 78 mm3 is fabricated using an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, 1.6 mm thickness, and an operating frequency band from 3.2 to 5.22 GHz. The radiating element provides a stable and high gain of 11–18 dB using reflectors with sidewalls. The proposed element is simulated, and its electrical downward tilt is investigated for a 1 × 6 array arrangement with dimensions of 642 mm × 112 mm × 90 mm. Various radiation performance parameters are measured, such as gain, FBR (>26 dB), HPBW, and XPD (>11.5 dB) at 60° in the H-plane. A reflection coefficient o...
Optical and Quantum Electronics
Several applications depend on the localization technique in underwater visible light communicati... more Several applications depend on the localization technique in underwater visible light communication (UVLC) systems, as military, petroleum, and diving fields. Recent research aims to develop the localization system by different methods to obtain the optimum position of the receiver. In this paper, we use Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm with average Received Signal Strength (RSS) technique using optimization. Optimized Deep Learning Models (DLMs) are utilized to improve the system performance, including such as ResNet50V2, InceptionResNetV2, SSD, and RetinaNet. Two channel modeling Weighted Double Gamma Function (WDGF) with a Combination Exponential Arbitrary Power Function (CEAPF) are used for sea water to enhance the UVLC localization system. The obtained results show that using CEAPF channel modeling with ResNetV2 strategy achieves the best accuracy of the localization for different methods. Also, the ResNetV2 outperforms other strategies for using RSS average technique. The RSS with...
Optical and Quantum Electronics
There is a huge importance for the localization system in underwater visible light communication ... more There is a huge importance for the localization system in underwater visible light communication (VLC) systems as in petroleum, military and diving fields. To enhance the localization system, we use the Kalman filter (KF) algorithm with average received signal strength (RSS) method to obtain the nearest estimated positions. In this paper, two channel modeling weighted double Gamma functions (WDGF) are applied and a combination exponential arbitrary power function (CEAPF) for enhancing localization in VLC underwater systems. Using the proposed KF enhances the localization by ~ 60% as compared to the than average RSS technique for WDGF channel modeling and ~ 78% for the CEAPF channel modeling. Based on the estimate of received signal strength (RSS) by deep learning models (DLMs), underwater localization utilizing VLC is introduced. Our proposed framework is categorized into two phases. First, data collection is collected based on MATLAB software. Second, the training and testing of DL...
Electronics
Wireless communication channel scenario classification is crucial for new modern wireless technol... more Wireless communication channel scenario classification is crucial for new modern wireless technologies. Reducing the time consumed by the data preprocessing phase for such identification is also essential, especially for multiple-scenario transitions in 6G. Machine learning (ML) has been used for scenario identification tasks. In this paper, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is used instead of ElasticNet in order to reduce the computational time of data preprocessing for ML. Moreover, the computational time and performance of different ML models are evaluated based on a regularization technique. The obtained results reveal that the LASSO operator achieves the same feature selection performance as ElasticNet; however, the LASSO operator consumes less computational time. The achieved run time of LASSO is 0.33 s, while the ElasticNet corresponding value is 0.67 s. The identification for each specific class for K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (...
Optical and Quantum Electronics
In this paper, a new framework is presented for indoor visible light communication (VLC) system, ... more In this paper, a new framework is presented for indoor visible light communication (VLC) system, based on Yolo v3, EfficientNetB3, and DenseNet121 deep learning (DL) models, as well as an optimization strategy. The proposed framework consists of two steps: data collecting and DL model training. To start, data is acquired using MATLAB and Kalman Filtering (KF) with averaging approaches. Second, the received signal strength (RSS) is employed as the DL models input, with the Cartesian coordinates as the DL models output. The averaging RSS approach combined with KF algorithm are used in the suggested framework. This work introduces the impacts of Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) for initial reflection and Line-of-Sight (LoS) based on the three mentioned DL models. Furthermore, we used Bayesian optimization and automatic hyper-parameter (HP) optimization to increase system efficiency and to reduce positioning error in DL models. The obtained results show that the models outperform existing the H...
2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)
There is a recent interest to develop an indoor positioning system using visible light communicat... more There is a recent interest to develop an indoor positioning system using visible light communications technology. Based on received signal strength (RSS), this paper combines a simple regression-based approach with linear and nonlinear least square estimations (LLS & NLS). The performance of regression approach is evaluated by different metrics such as the average, standard deviation, and cumulative distribution function of the localization error. In the system analysis, first reflection from plaster walls (high reflectivity 0.8), thermal noise, and shot noise are considered. The simulation results show that almost all the room (99.4%) has error less than 0.6 m by using regression approach instead of (72.19%) by using the classical approaches. The maximum error decreases from 1.15 m to 0.73 m, the average error from 0.37 m to 0.22 m, and the standard deviation from 0.28 m to 0.15 m. Thus, maximum error is improved by (36.5%), average error by (41%), and standard deviation by (46%). A key conclusion of this work is that, using the regression method enhances the performance of VLC indoor positioning system.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
Space communication systems are traditionally operated with microwave in satellite-to-satellite l... more Space communication systems are traditionally operated with microwave in satellite-to-satellite links. Now, more efficient and reliable operation is required, which lead to use optical links for Inter Satellite Links (ISLs). This paper investigates the system performance of an optical ISL proposed between satellites over Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In this study, the proposed link is simulated to obtain a maximum bit rate and minimum bit error rate (BER) over different links distances. The system performance is improved by investigating its dependency on the photo detector type, operating wavelength, transmitted optical power, RZ and NRZ schemes. Our work results that best Q- factor are approximately 40 leading to a minimum BER for the LEO orbit, at 600 km when utilizing an APD. While at our investigation of the system performance at visible light bands, it is found that Q-factor will be approximately 60 achieving minimum BER with neglecting the eye-safety precautions in addition to the ...
a Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, A... more a Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt b College of Manegement and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt, CCIE R&S #18220 c Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt, Photonic Research Lab (PRL) # OSA Member
Computers, Materials & Continua, 2022
Due to the rapid growth of telemedicine and healthcare services, color medical image security app... more Due to the rapid growth of telemedicine and healthcare services, color medical image security applications have been expanded precipitously. In this paper, an asymmetric PTFrFT (Phase Truncated Fractional Fourier Transform)-based color medical image cryptosystem is suggested. Two different phases in the fractional Fourier and output planes are provided as deciphering keys. Accordingly, the ciphering keys will not be employed for the deciphering procedure. Thus, the introduced PTFrFT algorithm comprises asymmetric ciphering and deciphering processes in contrast to the traditional optical symmetric OSH (Optical Scanning Holography) and DRPE (Double Random Phase Encoding) algorithms. One of the principal impacts of the introduced asymmetric cryptosystem is that it eliminates the onedimensionality aspects of the related symmetric cryptosystems due to its remarkable feature of phase nonlinear truncation components. More comparisons on various color medical images are examined and analyzed to substantiate the cryptosystem efficacy. The achieved experimental outcomes ensure that the introduced cryptosystem is robust and secure. It has terrific cryptography performance compared to conventional cryptography algorithms, even in the presence of noise and severe channel attacks.
IEEE Access, 2019
Choosing a proper Region of Interest (ROI) for Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) is essential an... more Choosing a proper Region of Interest (ROI) for Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) is essential and a challenging first step, and it has a direct effect on the accuracy and reliability of the overall heart rate (HR) algorithm. Non-skin areas have no contribution to the HR information; however, few works have tackled the issue of non-skin pixels included in the ROI. First, this paper considers improving the quality of the rPPG signal by filtering out non-skin pixels included within the ROI. The feasibility of employing skin segmentation for ROI definition is demonstrated. Then, this technique is compared with our previous real-time rPPG-based method. Moreover, we explore the effect of extracting the HR from three ROIs using signal fusion. Second, we give a comprehensive account of the examined methods in our algorithm for face detection, face tracking, skin detection, and blind signal separation. Finally, we compare our rPPG measurements with ground truth values obtained from a commercial pulse oximeter. Based on the simulation results, the proposed algorrithm significantly improves the quality of the rPPG technique. INDEX TERMS Heart rate, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), unobtrusive monitoring, skin segmentation, real-time.
Visible Light Communication (VLC) uses an intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) schem... more Visible Light Communication (VLC) uses an intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) scheme to transmit data. The light source utilized in VLC structures is constantly switched on and off rapidly, resulting in flickering. Furthermore, most of illumination systems exclude dimming support to permit customers to dim the light source to the desired stage. Therefore, the modulation scheme for information transmission in VLC should consist of flicker mitigation and dimming manage abilities. Double inverse pulse position modulation (DIPPM), sub-carrier pulse position modulation (SC-L-PPM), and M-ary variable pulse position modulation (M-VPPM) are recommended for minimizing the flicker issues and supporting an excessive degree of dimming for VLC systems. In this paper, a comparison is introduced between DIPPM, SC-L-PPM, and M-VPPM according to error performance and bit rate. In addition, a simulation is carried out to measure the optical power distribution for a LED lamp in an indoor...
2016 Sixth International Conference on Digital Information Processing and Communications (ICDIPC), 2016
To perform an Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network, a lot of challenges are faced that have to b... more To perform an Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network, a lot of challenges are faced that have to be solved. The edge node has to manage burst offset time and burst assembly technique. The core node has to reserve resources to send the data burst, schedule the control packet and data burst and contention resolution strategy. In this paper, we discuss the burst assembly mechanisms and their disadvantages which we will overcome using a new and simple algorithm for data burst generation which relies on changing some characteristics in queuing model in OBS network by taking into consideration the presences of Quality of Service (QoS) for multiple data priorities. The OBS network simulation using our algorithm shows that it adaptively changes the data burst size according to the offered load. So, it can offer high data burst utilization, limits the maximum end to end delay and reduces burst drop rate for high priority packets.
This work presents a method for solving an outdoor wireless communications (WOC) receiving proble... more This work presents a method for solving an outdoor wireless communications (WOC) receiving problem. A class II current conveyor (CCII) is designed and simulated under a wide range of operating conditions. Effects on bandwidth and input impedance are simulated and compared with previously designed architectures resulting in a better amplification performance. The design affecting parameters are investigated including: photodiode internal capacitance, control feedback resistance, resistive and capacitive loads, temperature, input and output noise levels. OrCAD 10.5 is used as a simulation tool.
2013 Second International Japan-Egypt Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (JEC-ECC), 2013
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely adopted in wireless communicati... more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely adopted in wireless communication. The aim of this paper is to analysis and improve performance of frame synchronization in OFDM system using wavelet packet transform. It is well known in OFDM that a cyclic prefix (CP) is appended to each symbol in order to mitigate the effect of Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI). In this paper ternary sequences are added to the CP in the time domain. Wavelet packet transform is employed besides FFT-OFDM system. This improves the BER (Bit Error Rate) over Rayleigh fading channel. Also, the detection of the frame position is improved by evaluating the correlation characteristic. Wavelet families such as Daubechies and biorthogonal are studied.
Optical Engineering, 2014
Many techniques using polarizers, differential detectors, and electrical filters are used to over... more Many techniques using polarizers, differential detectors, and electrical filters are used to overcome the penalty induced by artificial light interference and are analyzed. These techniques are used to reduce noise current or remove it by using an electrical filter or a polarizer or both of them together. We are going to display the effect of noise voltage, flicker voltage of a tungsten lamp, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the systems by changing each parameter to reach the best solution for reducing the effect of noise on free space optics. This paper will show that the best SNR is obtained with the differential detector with a two orthogonal polarizer system and that the worst one is with the system of a single photodetector.
Bandwidth and power efficiency of various pulse position modulation (PPM) schemes for wireless op... more Bandwidth and power efficiency of various pulse position modulation (PPM) schemes for wireless optical communication (WOC) indoor applications are investigated. These schemes include traditional PPM, multiple PPM (MPPM), overlapping PPM (OPPM) and differential amplitude PPM (DAPPM). This study is unique in presenting and evaluating bandwidth and power efficiency under wide range of design parameters such as symbol length, L, number
2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, 2013
In this paper, we experimentally transmit the required information to the automatic teller machin... more In this paper, we experimentally transmit the required information to the automatic teller machine (ATM) or card readers over a visible light communication channel employing mobile smartphones LED flashlight at high data rates. Due to the dependence of users on their personal digital assistants and smartphones to perform almost everyday tasks including payments and banking transactions, it is of great interest to use such phones to replace the magnetic cards. This paper encodes the LED camera flashlight embedded in almost every smartphone with the required information with no additional hardware on the receiver end. However, a small sized non-expensive module is added to ATMs and card readers to detect and decode the received data. The proposed unidirectional optical link offers secure transmission with a speed up to 500 bps with no error detected.
2014 IEEE 11th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD14), 2014
Due to the huge dependence of the users on their smartphones and the huge technological advances ... more Due to the huge dependence of the users on their smartphones and the huge technological advances in their design, smartphones have replaced many electronic devices nowadays. For that reason, it is of great interest to use such phones to replace magnetic cards. This paper uses the built in Xenon flashlight in today's Android smartphones to experimentally transmit the data stored on the user magnetic card to a card reader or automatic teller machine (ATM). We experimentally modulate the embedded Xenon flashlight in a smartphone with the required information of a traditional magnetic card and transmit the light over a secure high speed optical linl<-at 15 bps with no additional hardware at the user end. The paper introduces the design of an implemented small, inexpensive supplementary receiver circuit module, which is easily attached to a contemporary card reader or ATM machine. Furthermore, the paper tests the system performance under the effect of interference from another transmitter as well as compares its speed and security to the regular A TM card and to other competing technologies.
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Papers by Moustafa Hassan