Papers by Nanochemistry Research (NCR)
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
In this research, we developed a novel one-step method by using the hydrothermal method to prepar... more In this research, we developed a novel one-step method by using the hydrothermal method to prepare a composite material consisting of redox Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CNP)-loaded graphene oxide(GO)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). We loaded sodium lignosulfonate (LS) onto the formulated GO-CNPs and investigated the synergistic antifungal activity of LS-loaded GO-CNPs (LS/GO-CNPs) against Microsporum canis, a common fungal strain causing zoophilic dermatophyte. CNP were incorporated into the framework of GO-MOFs to enhance their antifungal properties due to their interchangeable valency states (Ce (III) and Ce (IV)) and production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to damage fungal cell wall. The structure and morphology of the composite material were characterized, confirming the successful doping of CNP onto the surface of MOFs. The results demonstrated the superior synergistic antifungal effect of the composite material (MOF), and with sustained drug delivery MOF-LS showed the synergistic effect with respect to the zone of inhibition. Supportively the ROS production was observed to be higher in MOF till 40µg concentration compared to MOF-LS demonstrating the redox nature of MOF resulting in antifungal effect. Highlighting its potential as an effective drug delivery system for combating Microsporum canis infections.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
This work aims at developing a protocol for green and clean biodiesel production from waste sunfl... more This work aims at developing a protocol for green and clean biodiesel production from waste sunflower oil by the Rubber-Fe3O4@SiO2@Lipase nano-biocatalyst. Billions of tons of used tires were produced annually and billions of liters of waste cooking oil also were produced. Both of them cause environmental problems and finding ways to return them to usage cycle is very important from circular economy point of view. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra successfully confirmed the lipase immobilization on the nanoparticles. The immobilized lipase has superior properties like higher thermal stability, higher relative activity at high temperatures, broader pH range for use, and easy recovery. The potential of immobilized enzyme was investigated for biodiesel synthesis and its catalytic efficiency was evaluated. The results were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) as follows: 20.23 h, 5.2 wt. %, 21.58 mgL-1, 2.11 wt.%, 50°C and 5.30:1 was found for reaction time, catalyst dosage, Tween 80 concentration, water, reaction temperature and the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, respectively. The results showed that the synthesized immobilized lipase led to a fatty acid methyl ester of 94.89% conversion under optimized conditions. The modified lipase was reused five times in the reaction and the FAME conversion was higher than 80%.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method and applied for photocatalytic degradat... more Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method and applied for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solution. These nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) mapping techniques. The XRD pattern also revealed high crystallinity of the Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and confirmed their cubic crystal structure with a crystallite size of about 20 nm, as determined by the Scherrer equation. Further analysis of the sample by TEM indicated that the particle size was approximately 35 nm. The UV-Vis DRS analysis showed a band gap of 2.09 eV, supporting its potential as an effective photocatalyst. The BET analysis demonstrated that the surface area of the Co₃O₄ nanoparticles was 14.34 m²/g. The Co₃O₄ nanoparticles demonstrated strong photocatalytic activity, achieving 95% degradation of tetracycline within 3 hours under visible light at room temperature.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
This work used leaf extracts from Ficus carica, Ficus religiosa, Annona squamosa, and Rosa rubigi... more This work used leaf extracts from Ficus carica, Ficus religiosa, Annona squamosa, and Rosa rubiginosa to easily and quickly produce copper oxide nanoparticles using the combustion method, followed by their characterization and investigations on antibacterial activity against specific harmful bacteria. The nanoparticles are named copper oxide (S1, S2, S3, and S4) nanoparticles. This method is simple, safe, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. The leaf extract functions as a reductant and stabilizing agent. From XRD analysis, the average crystallite sizes of green synthesized copper oxide (S1, S2, S3, and S4) nanoparticles were found to be 28.23 nm, 17.13 nm, 11.30 nm, and 11.31 nm, respectively. The spherical and undefinable shapes of all copper oxide nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of copper oxide nanoparticles was examined using EDAX spectra. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the numerous stabilizing and reducing substances found in the leaf extract that cause the formation of copper oxide (S1, S2, S3, and S4) nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the optical absorption spectra, and optical band gap of produced copper oxide nanoparticles (S1, S2, S3, and S4). This technique exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains. This study effectively demonstrates the convenient utilization of leaf extracts as fuel to obtain morphologically and structurally interesting and potentially antibacterial active (S1, S2, S3, S4) CuO nanoparticles. According to the findings of this study, biosynthesized CuO nanoparticles using leaf extract could be used in biomedicine as an alternative to pharmaceutical and biological uses.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
The present investigation describes the preparation of ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO nanocrystals by the c... more The present investigation describes the preparation of ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO nanocrystals by the chemical bath deposition technique. The structure, morphology, surface chemistry, photocatalytic performance, antibacterial characteristics, and magnetic properties of both pristine and doped ZnO samples were extensively studied. The influence of copper doping on the aforementioned features were investigated systematically. Results obtained from the X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO, without any secondary phases. The lattice parameters of ZnO exhibited a slight variation upon copper incorporation, attributed to the substitutional replacement of Zn²⁺ by Cu²⁺ ions, which have different ionic radii. Morphological analysis of ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO nanocrystals revealed the formation of nanorod-type structures of ZnO which were modified after Cu doping. The surface chemistry and atomic bonding properties were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirming the successful formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO. Cu-ZnO was found to be an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of Rhodamine B pollutant and achieved a degradation strength of 91.78 %. Cu-ZnO also acts as an inhibitor of bacterial growth and shows superior antibacterial features against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. While pure ZnO exhibited ferromagnetic properties, a significant enhancement in ferromagnetic properties was observed in the Cu-ZnO sample. This enhancement is attributed to the exchange interactions between copper ions mediated by vacancies oxygen and Zn interstitials introduced by the doping process.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
The utilization of biodegradable polymers is crucial for advancing biomedical applications, parti... more The utilization of biodegradable polymers is crucial for advancing biomedical applications, particularly in the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering and implants. These polymers offer non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them ideal for enhancing the stability and functionality of biomaterials. Unlike traditional metal implants, tissue engineering relies on porous biodegradable materials that support cellular activities and integrate with surrounding tissues through natural degradation processes. The development of biodegradable polymers with specific physical properties—such as plasticity, mechanical strength, porosity, and bioactivity—is essential for the success of these scaffolds. This approach fosters cellular growth and establishes an optimal interface, facilitating natural tissue regeneration. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly regarding biomicroscopic evaluations of these materials. This overview not only highlights the most common biodegradable polymers but also emphasizes their applications in various biomedical contexts, including lumen-apposing metal stents and dental implants, along with the in-vivo degradation processes of the scaffolds. Understanding the biochemical characteristics of these materials is vital for promoting the targeted recruitment of cells to the implantation site.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
A wide variety of drug transportation systems comprising inorganic and organic materials have bee... more A wide variety of drug transportation systems comprising inorganic and organic materials have been investigated. Among this collection, hydrogels have garnered the utmost attention in various appliances because of their inimitable properties. Temperature-receptive hydrogels, endowed with gelation at physiological temperature, bestow them with superb temporal and spatial influence, with a wide-ranging appliance in drug transportation, cell culture and tissue engineering, protein delivery and gene therapy, wound dressing and regenerative medicine, and stem cell delivery.Various applications of chitosan in the controlled transport of therapeutic agents, ocular drug conveyance, nasal drug distribution, encapsulation and supply of nutrients, wound dressings as well as tissue regeneration are discussed. This review presents a brief synopsis and recapitulates significant developments in the categorization and concept of temperature-responsive hydrogels encompassing the underlying release mechanism for biotherapeutic molecules from such temperature-receptive hydrogels.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
In the present work, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) coated sulfonated copper ferrite nanoparticles we... more In the present work, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) coated sulfonated copper ferrite nanoparticles were successfully used as an efficient, green, easy-to-use, magnetic, reusable, bimetallic, environment-friendly, and heterogeneous solid acid catalyst in the selective oxidation of sulfides to corresponded sulfoxides. The complete selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides was performed using urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) as an eco-friendly oxidizing agent in the presence of EtOH as a green solvent under mild and simple reaction conditions and low reaction times. All reactions were occurred with complete selectivity leading to sulfoxide synthesis and no over-oxidation products to sulfones in the reaction mixtures. The synthesised sulfoxides were characterized using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
As per the electrical properties, chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles are categorized as semicon... more As per the electrical properties, chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles are categorized as semiconductors and could be used as an alternative to conventional polymer and small molecule-based semiconductor materials used in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). In the current investigation, the performance of two bottom gate bottom contact (BGBC) OTFTs comprising pentacene and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles as semiconductor material, respectively, was analyzed comparatively. SILVACO TCAD simulation tool was employed to analyze OTFT structures. Performance factors such as mobility in linear regime, saturation mobility, output current, ION/IOFF ratio, trans conductance, sub-threshold slope, and threshold voltage were explored to determine the superiority of Cr2O3 nanoparticles over pentacene. The linear mobility of Cr2O3 NPs was found to be 14.46 while the pentacene linear mobility was found to be 5.79. Furthermore, the solution mobility of the Cr2O3 NPs was found to be 1.239 and the pentacene solution mobility was 0.41. The Cr2O3 nanoparticles-based device exhibited a significantly higher Ids value of 17.5136 x 10-6 µA as compare to pentacene. Additionally, the Cr2O3 nanoparticles-based device showed an increased transconductance value of 12.241277 x 10-6 µS. The obtained results offer valuable insights into performance enhancement of OTFTs using Cr2O3 nano particles as semiconductor material, without altering the dimensions or operational voltages of the OTFT structures. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing organic thin film transistors, thereby contributing to the advancement of efficient organic electronic systems.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
Epoxy composites embedded with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were examined for their potential us... more Epoxy composites embedded with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were examined for their potential use as electrode materials in electrochemical sensing applications, attributed to their superior electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. In this investigation, graphene nanoplatelet was processed with an epoxy matrix, namely Epon 828, using the three-roll technique. The composites, containing 0.5 to 5 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets in the epoxy matrix were characterized via electrochemical processes at 3 and 5 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets; notable electrochemical performance was observed. Including graphene significantly enhanced the electrode material’s properties in cyclic voltammetry studies using Na2SO4 as the electrolyte. Electrical conductivity studies revealed a percolation threshold at 1 wt.% graphene nanoplatelet, with further increases in conductivity confirming the composite’s effectiveness as an electrode material for electrochemical sensing of thiourea in seawater. The sensitivity and selectivity of the epoxy-graphene electrode were validated as satisfactory through cyclic voltammetry analysis.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
The diagnostic accuracy of interproximal chemical caries and microchemical corrosion is significa... more The diagnostic accuracy of interproximal chemical caries and microchemical corrosion is significantly improved through advanced analytical techniquesthat facilitate early detection and characterization of demineralization, enabling timely interventions and effective preventive strategies in dentistry. Radiographs were used to detect proximal caries, and various metrics were measured, including AZ value, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR-). The results revealed that the normal size - normal shape group had the highest sensitivity, NPV, and AZ value, while the normal size - square shape group had the highest specificity and PPV. This suggests that different jaw shape options can influence the diagnostic accuracy of interproximal caries. An artificial neural network (ANN) was shown to estimate the PPV, NPV, and +LR based on varying sensitivity and specificity. The results indicated that manipulating sensitivity and specificity impacted the estimated values, with higher specificity leading to increased PPV and positive effects on the LR+. Both sensitivity and specificity contributed to the improvement of the NPV. The prediction errors of the ANN were evaluated using linear regression and exhibited an acceptable level of error compared to empirical test results. However, it is important to note that neither the positive nor the negative likelihood ratio was sufficiently large for all groups, indicating that the jaw shape option alone may not significantly enhance the detection accuracy of interproximal caries. The micromechanical analysis of customizing the jaw shape option demonstrated its potential influence on the detection of interproximal caries While certain jaw shape options showed improved metrics, additional factors beyond the jaw shape option may be necessary to achieve optimal diagnostic accuracy in dental imaging.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
Ag/CuO/ZnO trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) were synthesized using a modified Pechini sol-gel me... more Ag/CuO/ZnO trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) were synthesized using a modified Pechini sol-gel method. Copper nitrate, zinc nitrate, and silver nitrate served as the starting materials, while citric acid and ethylene glycol acted as fuels. The resulting TMNPs were analysed using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurement, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of pure TMNPs, with particle sizes ranging from 14 nm to 31 nm. DLS and zeta potential measurements indicated that the TMNPs are significantly stable and moderately poly-dispersed. SEM-EDX analysis verified the presence of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), and oxygen (O) elements in the nanoparticles. TEM images revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 7 nm to 35 nm. The result demonstrated a successful synthesis of stable, spherical and finer size trimetallic nanoparticles using a sol-gel method.<strong><em> </em></strong>
Drug Delivery by Carbon Nano Carrier for Use as Capecitabine Drug Carrier: A QM/MM study
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
The most important and common methods of cancer treatment are chemotherapy, surgery and radiother... more The most important and common methods of cancer treatment are chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. But these mentioned methods have important side effects such as intolerable toxicity, limited drug access to cancer cells, heterogeneous drug and biological resistance of growing cancer cells, which reduce success rate. Therefore, there is urgent need to use drug delivery systems and targeted treatment to improve the treatment process. The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes is a targeted cancer treatment. The aim of this project is to investigate different variables on interaction potential of anticancer drug as an anticancer agent with single-walled carbon nanotubes. Interaction bond energy values were evaluated and corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) in the M06/6-311+G* level. The evaluated results showed that by increasing dielectric constant of the solvent, the bonding energy decreases. Consequently, the stability increases. Then the evaluated results of interaction of SWCNT with the capecitabine drug at the M06/6-311+G* level state that this absorption is spontaneous. According to the results of AIM analysis, the N1—C87 interaction bond has a partial covalent nature. The transition electron can migrate from the donor atom (the lone pair of nitrogen in capecitabine) to the σ^*-orbital of the acceptor atom (the σ^*orbital of carbon atom of SWCNT), as observed and reported by NBO analysis. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the solvation free energy in water solvent becomes more negative due to the interaction between the anticancer drug with SWCNT. The total energy of the resulting complex of interaction was more negative than that of SWCNT, indicating that both methods corresponded with each other.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
In2O3-modified diatomite nanomaterials with different indium oxide contents were prepared via an ... more In2O3-modified diatomite nanomaterials with different indium oxide contents were prepared via an efficient sonochemical technique. Diatomite is a biologically originated mineral composed of the skeleton remains of aquatic organisms called diatoma. The as-prepared compounds were analyzed by means of energy dispersive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. As indicated by XRD, diatomite phase and indium oxide peaks were observed. The BET specific surface area and pore volume of In2O3-coated diatomite are greater than those of pure diatom. The surface morphology and high porosity of diatom can be utilized as templates to boost the potential of functional materials. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared compounds were assessed for the decolorization of methylene blue (MB). The effect of various factors, such as different scavenger, initial dye concentration and catalyst amount, was investigated. The results revealed that diatomite modified with indium oxide can be used in different experimental runs without an essential drop in photocatalytic activity.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
This study investigates the geometric and electronic properties of novel conjugated compounds der... more This study investigates the geometric and electronic properties of novel conjugated compounds derived from hydrazine using computational and experimental methods for potential application in solar cells. Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level with a 6-311G (dp) basis set was utilized to explore the theoretical ground state geometry and electronic structure of these materials. We examined the influence of ring structures and substituents to better understand the relationship between molecular structure and optoelectronic characteristics, with a focus on the energy levels of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO). The HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ΔG) and open circuit voltage (Voc) analyses confirm the potential of these materials as organic dye solar cell candidates. Experimentally, the synthesis of compounds D1, D2, D3, and D4 was achieved using standard organic synthesis techniques. Intermediate compounds were synthesized via condensation reactions and further reacted to form the final hydrazone products. These compounds were purified using thin-layer chromatography and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques including NMR, IR, and MS. Comprehensive validation ensured the accuracy and reproducibility of the synthesized compounds, proving their efficacy as materials for dye-sensitized solar cells. The combined theoretical and experimental results provide a solid foundation for optimizing these dyes to enhance solar cell performance.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
The present study dealt with the facile synthesis of Tulsi honey-doped cerium oxide (TH/CeO2) thr... more The present study dealt with the facile synthesis of Tulsi honey-doped cerium oxide (TH/CeO2) through a reflux method. The sample was characterized using UV-Visible, FTIR, TEM, and XRD techniques. The photocatalytic studies were implemented on Rh-B (Rhodamine B) dye using TH/CeO2 and showing 95% degradation after 80 minutes, following a first-order kinetic rate of the reaction and with a half-life (t1/2) period of about 42.58 minutes. The cyclic voltammetry method was used to analyse the redox behaviour of TH doped CeO2 in a 1 M KCl solution using a nickel mesh electrode, indicating a significant improvement in electrochemical properties such as capacitance (Csp), diffusion coefficient (D), and reversibility (ER). The prepared nanocomposite was used to detect the sensor activity of Hg+2 and Pb+2 ions using cyclic voltammetry. Here, Hg+2 and Pb+2 sensors demonstrated better sensing properties using the prepared material. The generated TH/CeO2 exhibited 88% free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, with IC50 value of 339.449 mg/mL.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4), commonly known as KTP, is renowned for its applications in... more Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4), commonly known as KTP, is renowned for its applications in quantum and optical technologies. This study focused on the synthesis of KTP nanocrystals using hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods, employing oxalic acid as a capping agent. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of orthorhombic KTP crystals. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy further validated the bond structures within KTP, with characteristic bands corresponding to its crystal structure observed consistently across all spectra. Quantitative analysis revealed that the hydrothermal method produced KTP nanoparticles with an average grain size of approximately 35 nm, whereas the co-precipitation method yielded smaller nanoparticles with an average grain size of 22 nm. Notably, the introduction of oxalic acid as a capping agent in the hydrothermal method reduced the grain size by 15% to about 30 nm, while in the co-precipitation method, it unexpectedly increased the grain size by 20%, resulting in nanoparticles with an average grain size of 26 nm. Additionally, the strain within the crystal lattice was found to be higher in co-precipitated samples (approximately 0.8%) compared to those synthesized via the hydrothermal method (approximately 0.5%). These findings underscore the significant influence of synthesis methods and capping agents on the size, morphology, and structural integrity of KTP nanoparticles. The hydrothermal approach demonstrated efficacy in producing larger nanoparticles, whereas the presence of oxalic acid as a coating agent played a pivotal role in controlling grain size and enhancing structural stability. Such insights are crucial for optimizing the synthesis of KTP nanoparticles tailored for various applications in optical devices, photonics, and quantum technologies.
Nanochemistry Research, 2025
Corrosion and tribology are surface processes that occur on the outer layer of materials. Modifyi... more Corrosion and tribology are surface processes that occur on the outer layer of materials. Modifying surfaces of materials without changing their internal properties is an efficient method for reducing corrosion, friction, and wear in engineering applications. The progress in nanotechnology allows for the easy development of surface protective coatings using nanoparticles to investigate their effectiveness in reducing chemical and physical damage to surfaces. Surface protection improves the performance and extends the operational lifespan of industrial machinery components. The automotive, aerospace, electrical, water electrolysis, seawater condensers and tubes, and energy generating industries are among the many areas where this coating finds tremendous use. This paper provides an analysis of different types of newly created nanostructured coatings, including their methods of manufacture, corrosion characteristics, and tribological performance. It presents information on the progress of nanostructured coatings, namely nanocomposite coatings with metal and polymer matrices. The present review is intended to report a series of works aimed to prevent corrosion by nano-composite coatings.
Nanochemistry Research, 2024
This study aims to expanding sodium alginate poly grafted (fumaric acid-polyacrylic acid)/graphen... more This study aims to expanding sodium alginate poly grafted (fumaric acid-polyacrylic acid)/graphene oxide (SA-g-p(FA-AA)/GO) hydrogel for efficient dye removal. This adsorbent consists of a unique combination of SA-g-p(FA-AA) as a gel-like chemically cross-linked network by incorporating GO as a reinforcing agent and functional additive to enhance the hydrogel’s mechanical properties. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of pH, adsorbent quantity, temperature, contact time, and salt on the swelling and dye removal capabilities of the synthesized hydrogels. <br />The adsorption experiments revealed that 0.06 g of SA-g-p(FA-AA)/GO demonstrated the maximum adsorption capacity for Crystal Violet (CV) and Rose Bengal (RB) at pH 3 and contact time of 50 min. The dye adsorption kinetics were best modeled using the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms of CV and RB adsorption were analyzed. The CV adsorption follows multilayer Freundlich model, while RB is described by Langmuir’s monolayer isotherm. Additionally, the thermodynamic behavior of the studied dyes removal on SA-g-p(FA-AA) /GO were calculated.
Nanochemistry Research, 2024
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of nano silica and nano phosphate compositio... more The aim of this research was to determine the effect of nano silica and nano phosphate composition on characteristics of artificial insemination semen storage ampoules. The laboratory research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors, namely the measurement day factor consisting of 21 treatments (day 1 to 21) and the measurement time factor consisting of two treatments (day and night), each repeated three times. The variables studied included temperature (oC), humidity (%), and water content (%). Nanostructure characterization was carried out using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX measurements. The nano silica gel from silica powder from rice husk ash resulted in particles with an average size of 23.65 ± 1.0 nm. These particles were homogeneous, containing only Si-O bonds, in the form of an amorphous SiO2 phase. The nano calcium phosphate was obtained from hydroxy apatite previously isolated from cattle bone waste. It had an average size of 43.39 ± 1.0 nm, was homogeneous, and contained Ca-O, P-O, P=O, O-H bonds, in the form of an amorphous phase Ca3(PO3)2. The calcium silicophosphate gels exhibited homogeneous particle sizes with an average size of 36.98 ± 1.0 nm of Si/P =1. Their particle sizes increased by decreasing Si/P values and decreased by increasing Si/P values significantly. These gels contained Ca-O, P-O, P=O, O-H, Si-O, Si-O-P bonds in the form of amorphous or glacial CaxSiPOy phases. Additionally, the nano silica gel demonstrated a sensitivity to absorb and release water from and to its surrounding environment.
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Papers by Nanochemistry Research (NCR)