Mina Bhandari

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The experiences of elderly care home (ECH)/( Bridhashram) life from residents` perspective: a qualitative study at Kathmandu, Nepal

ii List of Tables/Figures iii Acronyms and Abbreviations iv CHAPTER

Understanding the Crucial Role of Attribute Interaction in Data Mining

Artificial Intelligence Review, 2001

This is a review paper, whose goal is to significantly improve our understanding of the crucial r... more This is a review paper, whose goal is to significantly improve our understanding of the crucial role of attribute interaction in data mining. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, we show that the concept of attribute interaction has a crucial role across different kinds of problem in data mining, such as attribute construction, coping with small disjuncts, induction of first-order logic rules, detection of Simpson's paradox, and finding several types of interesting rules. Hence, a better understanding of attribute interaction can lead to a better understanding of the relationship between these kinds of problems, which are usually studied separately from each other. Secondly, we draw attention to the fact that most rule induction algorithms are based on a greedy search which does not cope well with the problem of attribute interaction, and point out some alternative kinds of rule discovery methods which tend to cope better with this problem. Thirdly, we discussed several algorithms and methods for discovering interesting knowledge that, implicitly or explicitly, are based on the concept of attribute interaction.

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Fertilization effects on yield sustainability and soil properties under irrigated wheat–soybean rotation of an Indian Himalayan upper valley

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2010

To date, the sustainability of wheat (Triticum aestivum)–soybean (Glycine max) cropping systems h... more To date, the sustainability of wheat (Triticum aestivum)–soybean (Glycine max) cropping systems has not been well assessed, especially under Indian Himalayas. Research was conducted in 1995–1996 to 2004 at Hawalbagh, India to study the effects of fertilization on yield sustainability of irrigated wheat–soybean system and on selected soil properties. The mean wheat yield under NPK + FYM (farmyard manure) treated plots was ~27% higher than NPK (2.4 Mg ha−1). The residual effect of NPK + FYM caused ~14% increase in soybean yield over NPK (2.18 Mg ha−1). Sustainable yield index values of wheat and the wheat–soybean system were greater with annual fertilizer N or NPK plots 10 Mg ha−1 FYM than NPK alone. However, benefit:cost ratio of fertilization, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of applied nutrients were higher with NPK + FYM than NPK, if FYM nutrients were not considered. Soils under NPK + FYM contained higher soil organic C (SOC), total soil N, total P and Olsen-P by ~10, 42, 52 and 71%, respectively, in the 0–30 cm soil layers, compared with NPK. Non-exchangeable K decreased with time under all treatments except NPK. Total SOC in the 0–30 cm soil layer increased in all fertilized plots. Application of NPK + FYM also improved selected soil physical properties over NPK. The NPK + FYM application had better soil productivity than NPK but was not as economical as NPK if farmers had to purchase manure.

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