Over the past twenty years, we have come to see that errors are not simply flaws in a text. Howev... more Over the past twenty years, we have come to see that errors are not simply flaws in a text. However, the need for correctness remains undiminished if only because of societal and institutional demands. Yet there is little consensus about correctness or even whether language can be described as correct or incorrect in the first place. This essay suggests a way ou I of this bind by looking at correctness in a sociolinguistic sense. In this way writers' different formal choices provide information about their identity and the identity of the text they are creating. Correct usage sends the sociolinguistic message the author desires; incorrect forms send undesired ones. The problem basic writers face is that their errors send the message that they are not college students and their writing is not academic. Correctness thus has a sociolinguistic role crucial to the field of basic writing and which helps differentiate that field from other types of writing instruction. From the inauguration of the field of basic writing during the 1970s, "correctness" has been an awkward and enigmatic issue facing students, instructors, and researchers. At that time, several convergent factors, recounted in Mina Shaughnessy's Errors and Expectations, began to undermine the time-worn consensus surrounding fundamental questions such as: 'What makes language correct or lacking in correctness?' 'How do writers achieve it?' 'Why does it matter so much to so many people?' Now, nearly two decades later, although we still evaluate students' writing in terms of correctness every day, we do so without having reformulated a consensus about what this concept means.
Some of the carefully staged and composed images here are digitally altered, and almost all of th... more Some of the carefully staged and composed images here are digitally altered, and almost all of them were originally displayed in backlit boxes. If those strategies sound familiar, you can thank Jeff Wall, born in Vancouver in 1946 and widely recognized as one of the most adventurous and inventive artists of his generation. For more than 20 years, his outstanding pioneering work has contributed significantly to placing the medium of photography in the midst of contemporary art. He uses it to explore a wide range of social and political themes, including urban violence, racism, poverty, gender and class, history, memory and representation. His compositions in both color and black-and-white maintain a constant dialogue with nineteenth-century genre painting, and truly make him, in Charles Baudelaire's expression, "a painter of modern life." This substantial monograph collects Wall's works alongside his writings in 300 pages featuring almost 150 illustrations.
2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2013
This qualitative study used power and status theory as a lens to view and analyze knowledge shari... more This qualitative study used power and status theory as a lens to view and analyze knowledge sharing and knowledge building issues in an Inter-Organizational Information Systems (IOIS) project to further the understanding of how the experience of power and status affect perceptions concerning knowledge sharing and knowledge building. The case was a three-year-long IOIS project spanning nine organizations altogether. The data were collected by interviews, observations of project meetings, diaries, project memoranda and emails sent by project members to each other during these years. We demonstrate how power and status colors experiences about the knowledge sharing and knowledge building work in an IOIS project. The paper concludes by discussing theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2011
Abstract This interpretive grounded theory (GT) study describes and analyzes emotions in leadersh... more Abstract This interpretive grounded theory (GT) study describes and analyzes emotions in leadership in a Nordic inter-organizational information system (IOIS) project which spanned four user organizations, two suppliers, one national organization, a research organization and a Ministry. This study shows how GT can be used to gain significant insights into a case study, and generate new concepts. We identified Certainty, Significance, Connection and Contribution as important selective codes that make up the Emotions category. The paper ...
Dead Mirrors: Relics and photographs in Georges Rodenbach's
Photographies, 2011
... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/17540763.2011.553396 MichaelNewman... more ... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/17540763.2011.553396 MichaelNewman ... follows Madeleine (Kim Novak), who he believes to be the wife of a college friend Gavin Elster, and who apparently identifies with her dead ancestor Carlotta Valdes, and then ...
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1989
ABSTRACT: Left‐censoring of data sets complicates subsequent statistical analyses. Generally, sub... more ABSTRACT: Left‐censoring of data sets complicates subsequent statistical analyses. Generally, substitution or deletion methods provide poor estimates of the mean and variance of censored samples. These substitution and deletion methods include the use of values above the detection limit (DL) only, or substitution of 0, DL/2 or the DL for the below DL values during the calculation of mean and variance. A variety of statistical methods provides better estimators for different types of distributions and censoring. Maximum likelihood and order statistics methods compare favorably to the substitution or deletion methods. Selected statistical methods applicable to left‐censoring of environmental data sets are reviewed with the purpose of demonstrating the use of these statistical methods for coping with Type I (and Type II) left‐censoring of normally and log‐normally distributed environmental data sets. A PC program (UNCENSOR) is presented that implements these statistical methods. Proble...
This study examines the status of New York Latino English (NYLE) as a focused systematic dialect ... more This study examines the status of New York Latino English (NYLE) as a focused systematic dialect versus an unsystematic menu of features, what ) calls an 'ethnolinguistic repertoire.' Systematicity is assessed through implicational scaling, under which high degrees of scaling are assumed to represent high levels of systematicity. Data from 20 young Latino New Yorkers are examined with respect to five variables presenting variants of presumed substrate origin. Results are initially contradictory. Depending on the form of scaling used, NYLE can be seen as only marginally systematic or highly so. The paradox can be resolved in two findings. First, non-substrate factors obscure substrate effects at low frequencies, particularly in variables that tend to relatively low substrate-variant-usage rates. Second, individuals show different degrees of systematicity in variable usage. These findings are neutral about the eventual outcome of NYLE as fitting best a dialect or repertoire model. However, the results further imply that if systematicity is developing in NYLE, then it may follow a pattern of leaders and followers in its organization.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 2011
Cartilaginous vertebrate skeletons leave few records as fossils, unless mineralized. Here, we rep... more Cartilaginous vertebrate skeletons leave few records as fossils, unless mineralized. Here, we report outstanding preservation of early stages of cartilage differentiation, present in the Devonian vertebrate Palaeospondylus gunni. In large specimens of Palaeospondylus, enlarged, hypertrophic cell spaces (lacunae) are dominant in the cartilage matrix, each defined by thin mineralized matrix, where phosphorus and calcium co‐occur. This is comparable to living endochondral cartilage, where cell hypertrophy and matrix mineralization mark the end of an ontogenetic process of cell growth and division before bone formation. New information from small individuals of Palaeospondylus demonstrates that the skeleton comprises mostly unmineralized organic matrix with fewer hypertrophic cell spaces, these occurring only in the central regions of each element. Only here has the surrounding matrix begun to mineralize, differing from the larger specimens in that phosphorus is dominant with little ass...
User Involvement as an Interaction Process: A Case Study
Information Systems Research, 1990
User involvement is recommended to analysts as a technique of successful system development, but ... more User involvement is recommended to analysts as a technique of successful system development, but as a process it is little understood. This case study compares four process models of user involvement–learning, conflict, political and garbage-can-with each other and with an empirical example of system development. Different models are seen as appropriate to explaining the nature of user involvement in different stages of development and contexts. Structural conditions and issues of power are shown to be decisive in the development of conflict and conflict resolution. A two-stage model of user involvement based on Robey and Farrow's work (1982) is proposed which distinguishes conflict development from conflict resolution.
Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, 1996
The development of information systems (IS) is a problematic process that all too often ends in f... more The development of information systems (IS) is a problematic process that all too often ends in failure. This paper reports a comparative analysis of two projects involving the computerisation of ambulance control-room operations in London and Manchester. The outcomes were strikingly different, In the London case, severe operational problems led to the abandonment of the project. In contrast, we report an intensive psychophysiological evaluation of the Manchester project showing that the new system led to both improved service levels and reduced stress (lower blood pressure and subjective anxiety). These contrasting fortunes are attributed to two sets of factors: technical and managerial. The technical design philosophy at Manchester followed what may be called a "tool paradigm" (the system was designed to support/augment the human role) whereas the London project was highly Tayloristic. Implementation at Manchester was also adroitly managed (strong leadership, good staff communication) in contrast to London (weak management, poor industrial relations). The successful deployment in the study of a psychophysiological methodology demonstrates the diagnostic power of this multi-perspective approach, and illustrates its considerable potential in IS research/practice in relation to the design and evaluation of information systems.
Allozyme frequencies of Chironomus plumosus were determined along a gradient of sediment mercury ... more Allozyme frequencies of Chironomus plumosus were determined along a gradient of sediment mercury concentrations in a contaminated lake. We examined whether allozyme frequencies could be used to distinguish populations along the gradient or between contaminated and reference sites. No significant correlations were found between allozyme frequencies and contamination, but an overall deficit of heterozygotes (in nine of 13 loci examined) was found at all sites sampled. While toxicant stress could be the cause, a more parsimonious explanation would be sampling over a patchy population structure leading to a heterozygote deficiency (i.e., Wahlund effect). Examination of allozyme frequencies along a transect indicated that the observed deficiency of heterozygote genotypes was due to sampling across some fine-scale substructuring of the populations. The findings of these studies lend a note of caution regarding the use of allozymes to infer population effects of contaminants or their potential use as biomarkers. Studies must define population structure, naturally occurring variation within and among populations, and relevant ecological factors in conjunction with the presence of xenobiotics and their concentrations.
Dragon systems' 1998 broadcast news transcription system
Proc. 1999 DARPA …, 1999
In this paper we shall describe key improvements to Dragon's Broadcast News Transcription Sy... more In this paper we shall describe key improvements to Dragon's Broadcast News Transcription System, which include: the addition of a speaker-change detection algorithm to our preprocessing subsystem, a new diagonalizing transformation trained using semi-tied ...
On two-dimensional infinite elements utilizing basis functions with compact support
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2001
In this paper improvements are made in the numerical conditioning of infinite element stiffness m... more In this paper improvements are made in the numerical conditioning of infinite element stiffness matrices by replacing the characteristic (eigenfunction) basis functions which have global support with basis functions which have local support and appropriate preconditioning. The conditioning and convergence properties of these new infinite elements are presented in solving two-dimensional exterior problems for the Helmholtz equation.
Prolactin (PRL) and cortisol responses to oral administration of d-I fenfluramine hydrochloride (... more Prolactin (PRL) and cortisol responses to oral administration of d-I fenfluramine hydrochloride (60 mg) and placebo were examined in patients with endogenous major depressive disorder on three separate occasions: prior to treatment with clomipramine (CMi), after 4 weeks of CMl administration (175-250) rag/day), and 3 weeks after addition of lithium (Li) carbonate (serum level 0.5-0.9 retool) to the treatment regimen. CM! significantly increased baseline PRL levels which were further elevated following Li supplementation. PRL response to fenfluramine (minus elevated baseline PRL levels) but not to placebo, was significantly increased by CMI administration, reflected over the 6-hr time course examined and in peak minus baseline values. Following addition of Li, The degree of enhancement was diminished although the peak minus baseline value remained significant relative to the pretreatment response. Ccrtisol levels were not increased by fenfluramine and were not altered by CM! or CM! + Li administration. The effect of CM! extends previous observations regarding the action of antidepressant treatment on serotenergically mediated hormone release. Methodological considerations relevant to the effect of CMi + Li are discussed.
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