Papers by Carlos Antonio Martinez Palacios
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility of producing Tilapia (Oreochromis... more The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility of producing Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticuss, L.) with formulated diets containing acid fish silage made with Hancock (Pterigoplichthys multiradiatus) by-products in substitution of fishmeal. Thus four treatments containing increasing levels (0, 5, 10 and 15%) of acid fish silage to substitute fishmeal were used to feed tilapia juveniles in triplicate groups (average 1.5±0.7 g and 4.3±1.0 cm). Fish silage was prepared by adding citric and phosphoric acids at 2.6% each resulting in a liquefaction of the chop by-product mixture. After two weeks, the diets were prepared to contain 32-35% protein content. After 50 days of experimental period a total growth increase up to 827% was observed without significant differences among treatments. A specific growth rate from 3.70 to 4.10 and a survival rate from 96 to 99% was observed. The cost analysis shows a saving on production cost up to 23.87% using the highest incorporation le...
Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopía Electronica ... et. al, 2006
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2013
Invasive Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) (synonymy: Liposarcus multiradiatus) armored... more Invasive Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) (synonymy: Liposarcus multiradiatus) armored catfish were first reported in Mexico in 1995 and have spread successfully in several aquatic ecosystems. In Adolfo López Mateos El Infiernillo Reservoir, Michoacán -Guerrero, the population of this armored catfish is growing substantially because natural predators are not present and exploitation by humans does not occur. Over a complete annual cycle, we studied the following population parameters: weight, total and standard length, the relationship of weight to total length, the hepatosomatic (HSI) and gonadosomatic (GSI) indices, total fecundity (TF) and relative fecundity (RF). The average total (TL) and standard lengths (SL) were 248 ± 37.5 and 188 ± 30.7 mm, respectively, and the average weight (W) was 135.3± 66.8 g. The largest fish reported was 520 mm in TL and weighed 1 280 g. The species showed an extended reproductive season from May to November, as indicated by the GSI, TF and RF. The strongest reproductive peak occurred from July through October. During the annual cycle, the highest monthly average fecundity was 2 447 eggs, and the average relative fecundity was 12.6 eggs per g of fish (August and September). This information will be crucial for calculating the current biomass and future growth of the population. The calculation of these results could provide a basis for the exploitation of this resource for human consumption and animal feeds.
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012
The genus Chirostoma (silversides) belongs to the family Atherinopsidae, which 24 contains around... more The genus Chirostoma (silversides) belongs to the family Atherinopsidae, which 24 contains around 150 species, most of which are marine. However, Mexican silverside 25 (Chirostoma estor) is one of the few representatives of freshwater atherinopsids and 26 is only found in some lakes of the Mexican Central Plateau. However, studies have 27 shown that C. estor has improved survival, growth and development when cultured in 28 water conditions with increased salinity. In addition, C. estor displays an unusual fatty 29 acid composition for a freshwater fish with high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) : 30 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios. Freshwater and marine fish species display very 31 different essential fatty acid metabolism and requirements and so the present study 32 investigated long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis to 33 determine the capacity of C. estor for endogenous production of EPA and DHA, and 34 the effect that salinity has on these pathways. Briefly, C. estor were maintained at 35 three salinities (0, 5 and 15 ppt) and the metabolism of 14 C-labelled 18:3n-3 36 determined in isolated hepatocyte and enterocyte cells. The results showed that C. 37 estor has the capacity for endogenous biosynthesis of LC-PUFA from 18-carbon fatty 38 acid precursors, but that the pathway was essentially only active in saline conditions 39 with virtually no activity in cells isolated from fish grown in freshwater. The activity of 40 the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway was also higher in cells isolated from fish at 15 41 ppt compared to fish at 5 ppt, The pathway was around 5-fold higher in hepatocytes 42 compared to enterocytes, although the majority of 18:3n-3 was converted to 18:4n-3 43 and 20:4n-3 in hepatocytes whereas the proportions of 18:3n-3 converted to EPA 44 and DHA were higher in enterocytes. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that conversion of EPA to DHA could contribute, at least in part, to the generally high 46 DHA:EPA ratios observed in the tissue lipids of C. estor. 47 48 Mexican silverside (Chirostoma estor, also reported as Menidia estor) from lake 50 Pátzcuaro is one of the most valued freshwater fish in Mexico. The species, locally 51 known as "pez blanco", has greatly influenced the cultural environment and economy 52 of the native people of the region. The species is now endangered because of a 53 range of factors including over-fishing, environmental degradation of the lake and 54 introduction of exotic species (Martínez-Palacios et al. 2008). However, silverside is 55
Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopía Electronica ... et. al, 2006
Ciencias Marinas, 2001
The digestibility of fish meal and soybean meal by Litopenaeus vannamei was determined at differe... more The digestibility of fish meal and soybean meal by Litopenaeus vannamei was determined at different temperatures (22ºC and 28ºC) and salinities (16‰ and 35‰) using practical diets based on ingredients available in Mexico. The digestibility of soybean meal was consistently higher compared to that of fish meal, in terms of the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and aminoacids, suggesting that soybean meal proteins are more readily digested. For fish meal, the apparent digestibility of the dry matter was reduced by high salinity at 28ºC, and the carbohydrate apparent digestibility was reduced by high salinity at both temperatures. The high salinity also reduced the digestibility of dry-matter, lipids and carbohydrates in soybean meal at 28°C, but had no effect on crude protein digestibility. This may have implications for the role of carbohydrates as source of energy in practical diets for shrimp. The results also suggest that the fish meal used might have been of re...
Spatial modelling for optimising site location for sustainable development of aquaculture
Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopía Electronica ... et. al, 2006
1 Nelson (1994) found that the majority of the members of the family are marine, although about 5... more 1 Nelson (1994) found that the majority of the members of the family are marine, although about 50 species are found in freshwater. The family is distributed from the tropics to temperate areas. Schultz (1948, 1950) recognized 165 species in 25 genera and 4 subfamilies: Atherinopsinae, Menidiinae, Atherioninae, and Atherininae. More recently, Dyer and Chernoff (1996) established the family Atherinopsidae which includes the genera Chirostoma and Odonthestes, two of the most studied genera in terms of culture. The subfamily Menidiinae is confined to America, principally in the tropics. It has many fresh water members in Mexico and Central America, the genera Chirostoma, Labidesthes, Menidia and Poblana, belonging to the tribe Menidiini; and Atherinella, Nectarges and Xenanthjerrina, belonging to the tribe Membradini. The eighteen species of Chirostoma are freshwater fish, living in the southern Mexican plateau (Barbour, 1973; Echelle and Echelle, 1984).
The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 1987
An inexpensive alarm system that detects a pressure drop in pumped water supplies is described. A... more An inexpensive alarm system that detects a pressure drop in pumped water supplies is described. A conventional motor vehicle oil-pressure sensor activates the alarm system. The system can be operated with either 12-V DC or 110-V AC electricity.
Vet. …, 2012
Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
Avances en el Cultivo del Pescado Blanco de Pátzcuaro Chirostoma estor estor
Silverside fish, Chirostoma estor estor, is an important native species in Lake Pátzcuaro (Michoa... more Silverside fish, Chirostoma estor estor, is an important native species in Lake Pátzcuaro (Michoacán, México). Unfortunately, this species is under a strong fishing pressure. There have been some previous studies to establish the basic requirements for its culture, but still very little is known about its larviculture and rearing. The present study deals with: 1) the description of the anatomical structures of the mouth under electronic microscopy, showing that this species is a zooplanktophagous fish; 2) the main embryological and larval development stages, showing a small egg and a short eclosion period, typical of marine fishes; 3) the temperature and salinity culture conditions and methods that our group have implemented for the artificial fertilization, incubation of eggs and thorough life cycle culture; 4) first feeding with marine rotifers and Artemia nauplii, weaning after 25 days with artificial diets; 5) total proteolytic as well as some specific proteolytic enzymes were e...
North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2001
The science of feeding and nutrition of crustaceans is still in development and producers and fee... more The science of feeding and nutrition of crustaceans is still in development and producers and feed manufacturers urgently need information and better understanding of digestibility of nutrients. The most widely used method for determination of digestibility in vivo in fish is based on the determination of chromium oxide in feces, which is incorporated into the diet. To use this method it is essential to have efficient means of collecting feces in the aquatic environment. In shrimp, this presents some difficulties because of their benthic and coprophagic habits. This paper describes the development and testing of a low-cost modification of the "Guelph" system used for fish, which allows collection of feces from shrimp. The system performed extremely well and clear advantages were observed when compared with the basic siphon system. The importance of having an easy and efficient method to collect feces for in vivo assays is discussed.
Evaluation of a Microbound Spray-Dried Feed for the Rearing of Penaeid Shrimp Larvae
North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2000
The present work looks at the effectiveness of microbound spray-dried feed (MB-SD) elaborated wit... more The present work looks at the effectiveness of microbound spray-dried feed (MB-SD) elaborated with two phycocolloids, sodium alginate (ALG) and kappa-carrageenan (KAPACA), and no binder at all (SL). Feeding trials were carried out on larval Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from wild broodstock. Nauplii were stocked in 1.5-L round-bottomed flasks at a rate of 100 larvae/tank. Thirty thousand cells/mL (70%
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2000
AQUACULTURE OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES Menidia estor Jordan 1879: DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES
Journal of Lipid Research, 2014
Biosynthesis of long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) in vertebrates involves sequential desaturation and e... more Biosynthesis of long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) in vertebrates involves sequential desaturation and elongation of C 18 PUFA, linoleic acid (LOA; 18:2n-6), and ␣-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3) (1). Synthesis of arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and EPA (20:5n-3) from LOA and LNA, respectively, utilizes the same enzymes and pathways. The pre dominant pathway involves ⌬ 6 desaturation of LOA or LNA to 18:3n-6/18:4n-3 that are elongated to 20:3n-6/20:4n-3 followed by ⌬ 5 desaturation to ARA/EPA (1), but an alternative pathway with initial elongation of LOA or LNA followed by ⌬ 8 desaturation, an inherent ability of some ⌬ 6 desaturases, may be possible (2). Biosynthesis of DHA (22:6n-3) from EPA can also occur by two pathways. First, the so-called "Sprecher pathway" involves two sequential elongation steps from EPA to 24:5n-3 and a subsequent ⌬ 6 desaturation to 24:6n-3, followed by peroxisomal chain shortening (3). Second, a more direct pathway has been postulated in some marine fi sh that involves elongation of EPA to docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) followed by ⌬ 4 desaturation to DHA (4, 5). Dietary PUFAs are essential in fi sh, although requirements vary with species (6, 7). Generally, C 18 PUFAs can satisfy essential FA requirements of freshwater and salmonid species, but most marine fi sh have a requirement for LC-PUFAs such as EPA and DHA (8). Differing essential FA requirements have been linked to differences in the complement of fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongase of very longchain FA (Elovl) genes (9-31). Thus, the dependence of Abstract Currently existing data show that the capability for long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in teleost fi sh is more diverse than in other vertebrates. Such diversity has been primarily linked to the subfunctionalization that teleostei fatty acyl desaturase (Fads)2 desaturases have undergone during evolution. We previously showed that Chirostoma estor , one of the few representatives of freshwater atherinopsids, had the ability for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C 18 PUFA precursors, in agreement with this species having unusually high contents of DHA. The particular ancestry and pattern of LC-PUFA biosynthesis activity of C. estor make this species an excellent model for study to gain further insight into LC-PUFA biosynthetic abilities among teleosts. The present study aimed to characterize cDNA sequences encoding fatty acyl elongases and desaturases, key genes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Results show that C. estor expresses an elongase of very long-chain FA (Elovl)5 elongase and two Fads2 desaturases displaying ⌬ 4 and ⌬ 6/ ⌬ 5 specifi cities, thus allowing us to conclude that these three genes cover all the enzymatic abilities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C 18 PUFA. In addition, the specifi cities of the C. estor Fads2 enabled us to propose potential evolutionary patterns and mechanisms for subfunctionalization of Fads2 among fi sh lineages.-Fonseca
Journal of Fish Biology, 1988
The feeding habits of the cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus were studied in a brackish‐water lagoon... more The feeding habits of the cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus were studied in a brackish‐water lagoon in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, from spring 1985 to spring 1986. The strong mandibular, maxillary and pharyngeal teeth, and the short intestine strongly suggest that C. urophthalmus is primarily a carnivore. Subsequent gut contents analysis revealed that this species feeds principally on invertebrates throughout the year and that there were few differences between the five seasons studied. The algal material found in some stomachs may be consumed as a consequence of predation on small invertebrates, but the feeding structures and short intestine makes this species unable to digest vegetable materials efficiently. Differences with other cichlids used in aquaculture are discussed.
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 1992
The re roductive biology and growth of the Central American cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus, was... more The re roductive biology and growth of the Central American cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus, was studiegin a brackish water lagoon in Celestun, Yucatan, Mexico, between spring 1985 and spring 1986. The fish is strongly euryhaline and reproduces in brackish waters as well as in fresh water, having clear thermophilic habits, and resisting low oxygen levels. The population in the lagoon is constituted by fast growing fish which have one, or exceptionally two, re roductive seasons in their lifetimes. The mean standard length of ca tured fish was 134.7 mm for m a i s and 135.3 mm for females but no significant difference was found getween them. A significant difference in the sex ratio was found between summer and autumn, presumably due to the type of parental care exhibited by this species. Examination of ovaries showed that the reproductive season starts in mid-April and extends until mid-November, with reproductive peaks in sprin and summer. The fecundity ranged from 2085 to 6615 ova/female. The minimum size of maturity offemales was 102 mm (50 g). Specific attributes of this species are compared with those of some African cichlids and are discussed in terms of aquaculture. Zusammenfassung Die Reproduktionsbiologie und das Wachstum des zentralamerikanischen Cichliden Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Giinther) Die Reproduktionsbiologie und das Wachstum des zentralamerikanischen Cihliden Cichlasoma urophthalmus wurden in einer Brackwasserlagune in Celestun, Yucatan, Mexiko untersucht. Diese Arbeiten fanden im Zeitraum zwischen dem Friihjahr 1985 und Friihjahr 1986 start. Diese stark euryhaline Fischart vermehrt sich sowohl in Brack-als auch in SiiBwasser, wobei thermophile Eigenschaften sowie eine deutliche Widerstandsfahigkeit gegen niedrige Sauerstoffgehalte des Wassers beobachtet wurden. Die Population, die in der Lagune lebte, bestand aus schnell wachsenden Individuen, die sich ein oder maximal zweimal wahrend ihres Lebenszyklus vermehren. Die mittlere Standardlange der gefangenen Tiere betrug 134,7 mm fur die Mannchen, sowie 135,3 mm fur die Weibchen, die Unterschiede der mittleren Lange waren nicht signifikant. Ein signifikanter Unterschied bestand zwischen dem Verhaltnis von Mannchen zu Weibchen im Sommer und Herbst, was wahrscheinlich auf die Art vom Brutpflegeverhalten dieser Art zuriickzufiihren ist. Untersuchungen der Ovarien zeigten, daB die Reproduktion gegen Mitte April einsetzt und bis Mitte November andauert. Die Hohepunkte in der Vermehrung liegen im Friihjahr und Sommer. Die Fruchtbarkeit schwankte zwischen 2085 und 6615 Eiern pro Weibchen. Die MindestgroBe der Weibchen urn die Geschlechtsreife zu erlangen betrug 102 mm (50 g). Spezifische Eigenschaften dieser Fischart werden mit denen afrikanischer Cichliden verglichen und unter aquakulturtechnischen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert.
The effect of photoperiod on the reproduction ofChirostoma estor estorJordan 1879 from Lago de Pátzcuaro, Mexico
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2007
... How to Cite. Martínez-Palacios, CA, Chávez-Sosa, JC, Santoyo-Guzmán, VO, Campos-Mendoza, A., ... more ... How to Cite. Martínez-Palacios, CA, Chávez-Sosa, JC, Santoyo-Guzmán, VO, Campos-Mendoza, A., Martinez-Chavez, CC and Ross, LG (2007), The effect of photoperiod on the reproduction of Chirostoma estor estor Jordan 1879 from Lago de Pátzcuaro, Mexico. ...
This thesis is an investigation of the basic biology, reproductive behaviour, and key physiologic... more This thesis is an investigation of the basic biology, reproductive behaviour, and key physiological and nutritional requirements of the Mexican and Central American cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Gunther), with particular reference to the potential of native ...
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Papers by Carlos Antonio Martinez Palacios