A number of metallic elements are inherited from waste during thermal treatment and concentrated ... more A number of metallic elements are inherited from waste during thermal treatment and concentrated in the incineration residues. Because the major part of the incineration residue mass are bottom ashes (BAs), their study is of great importance from the point of view of their environmental impact or resource potential. The general focus of this study was on the minor metallic elements present in BAs. They co-occurred with main phases and often determined the inherited potential of the material. The analysed residues were produced from municipal and industrial waste. The BAs were studied using spectroscopic methods of chemical microanalysis: energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry (WDX). Both the main and minor metallic elements were concentrated in metallic components. They were typically present as separate grains and metallic inclusions (commonly in the glass matrix of the grains) ranging in size from several to hundreds of micrometres. Despite Fe-, Al-and Cu-rich occurrences, metallic elements rarely occurred in fragments composed of a single element. Their main forms of occurrence were alloy grains, admixtures in polymetallic occurrences and micro-inclusions in glassy matrix. The content of particular elements in those forms was investigated and described in greater detail. Even though two types of bottom ash were formed from different types of waste and differences in used technologies were present, the obtained materials contained metallic components having similar attributes. Elevated concentrations of not only Fe and Al, but also Ti, Cu and Zn, allow us to consider bottom ash as a promising material from the point of view of metallic elements' recovery (e.g. by the physical concentration of elements through gravity or magnetic methods).
B2 : lead and zinc MVT deposits in the Muschelkalk, transgressive contact of Muschelkalk with the Palaeozoic basement (Poland) : B3 : lead and zinc MVT deposits in the Muschelkalk, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic in the Kraków region (Poland)
Fragments of a steatite icon (diptych wing) with the Great Feasts cycle excavated in Chełm (eastern Poland)
Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 2021
The paper presents fragments of a Byzantine icon discovered in 2015 during regular archaeological... more The paper presents fragments of a Byzantine icon discovered in 2015 during regular archaeological excavations carried out in Chełm, eastern Poland. Iconographic analyses allow the nine surviving fragments to be interpreted as belonging to a diptych wing with the Great Feasts cycle. The icon represents archaic iconography of the subject, with the scene of Transfiguration placed after Entry into Jerusalem and before the Crucifixion. The artefact was created in the second half or at the close of the 12th century, and it was made from steatite, which has been confirmed by petrographic analyses. The icon was discovered in the remains of a palace complex of King Daniel Romanovich, the greatest ruler of the Galicia-Volhynia Lands. The results of the archaeological research allow the terminus ante quem for the icon’s arrival in Chełm to be determined as before the middle of the 13th century. Various possible explanations as to how the icon found its way to Chełm are also explored in the paper.
Bottom-up strategy was used for synthesis of mesoporous, tetragonal ZrO 2 (S BET > 300 m 2 /g). T... more Bottom-up strategy was used for synthesis of mesoporous, tetragonal ZrO 2 (S BET > 300 m 2 /g). The produced hollow zirconia spheres were modified either by impregnation with PtCl 4 or reduction of PtCl 4 in an ethylene glycol solution. The chosen deposition method strongly influenced dispersion and chemical state of Pt species determined by XRD, TEM, EDXRF, H 2-TPR, XPS, and H 2 chemisorption. Larger and more stable Pt nanoparticles formed by the polyol method appeared significantly more active in the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to fine, easily oxidized Pt species obtained by the impregnation technique. This beneficial effect, related to higher concentration of reactive oxygen forms available on the Pt surface, was observed in the case of all tested VOCs (toluene, acetone and n-hexane). Furthermore, the most active Pt-loaded hollow ZrO 2 spheres showed very high stability during catalytic runs under dry and wet atmosphere.
Effective catalysts for the low-temperature NH 3-SCR process based on MCM-41 modified with copper... more Effective catalysts for the low-temperature NH 3-SCR process based on MCM-41 modified with copper by template ion-exchange (TIE) method,
MCM-41 modified with transition metals by template ion-exchange method as catalysts for selective... more MCM-41 modified with transition metals by template ion-exchange method as catalysts for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials (2016),
POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE - PRACE SPECJALNE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND - SPECIAL PAPERS Zeszyt 24, 2004; Volume 24, 2004
The Sośnica Hill near Targowica in the eastern part of the Fore-Sudetic Block represents relative... more The Sośnica Hill near Targowica in the eastern part of the Fore-Sudetic Block represents relatively well preserved Cenozoic scoria cone. The activity of the volcano commenced with accumulation of pyroclastic fall deposits, and later subvolcanic intrusions and lava flows were emplaced. Petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemistry suggest that the alkaline basalts erupted from the volcano represent relatively evolved magmas which underwent some fractional crystallisation and, possibly, crustal assimilation.
SBA-15 mesoporous silicas modified with rhodium were studied as catalysts for the N 2 O decomposi... more SBA-15 mesoporous silicas modified with rhodium were studied as catalysts for the N 2 O decomposition reaction. Rhodium was deposited on SBA-15 by the Molecular Designed Dispersion (MDD) method using Rh(acac) 3 as a precursor of active phase. The same method was used for the deposition of Cu, Fe, Al and Ti. The SBA-15 support modified with metals were characterized with respect to metal loading (EPMA), structure (XRD), texture (BET), morphology (SEM), Rh dispersion (oxygen chemisorption), surface acidity (pyridine adsorption) and chemical nature of introduced copper and iron species (UV-vis-DRS). The rhodium-containing SBA-15 samples were found to be active catalysts for the N 2 O decomposition reaction. Deposition of Al on the Rh-loaded catalyst increased its activity. An opposite effect was observed for the samples modified with Cu and Fe.
Growing concern over mineral resources supply forces us to search for alternative sources of Phos... more Growing concern over mineral resources supply forces us to search for alternative sources of Phosphorus. The possibility to recover phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ashes appears to be an important aspect in anthropogenic phosphorus cycle and sustainable economy. To make phosphorus recovery efficient it is important to learn the chemical and mineral composition of ash and phosphorus speciation. The phosphorus content in the ash was over 7%, what corresponds to medium rich phosphorus ores. The main phosphorus rich mineral phases were phosphate minerals. The most widespread was tri-calcium phosphate Whitlockite with various Fe, Mg and Ca proportions. In minority Fe–PO4 and Mg–PO4 were detected. Whitlockite commonly overgrown with hematite, influences negatively mineral solubility and thus recovery potential and indicates low bioavailability of phosphorus. Considerable amount of phosphorus was found in the low crystalline matrix where phosphorus content was around 10 wt% howev...
DEVELOPMENT OF GALENA CRYSTALS IN „VITRIOL CLAYS" BYTOM BASIN Summary In so-called Vitriol C... more DEVELOPMENT OF GALENA CRYSTALS IN „VITRIOL CLAYS" BYTOM BASIN Summary In so-called Vitriol Clays of the Bytom Basin, galena occurs in the form of either single crystals, usually about 1 mm in size, or intergrowths. Crystals cubic or cubooctahedral in shape are most common here. Simple forms include {100} and {111}, the first of which clearly predominates. The crystals often display underdeveloped corners and margins and various types of skeletal crystals are fairly common. Skeletal crystals are characterized by common free spaces delineated by walls parallel to {100}/or, sometimes, {100} and {111}. Crystals composed of a few zones display some changes in share of individual simple forms. Walls {111} are more numerous in outer zones. Some skeletal crystals are built of a number of layers perpendicularly growing on walls {100}. Walls {100} are smooth and {111} - with triangular depressions. Walls of galena crystals usually display steps of various types. When high (0.0x mm high) ...
In the presented manuscript an influence of the mesoporosity generation in commercial ZSM-5 zeoli... more In the presented manuscript an influence of the mesoporosity generation in commercial ZSM-5 zeolite on its catalytic performance in two environmental processes, such as NO reduction with ammonia (NH3-SCR, Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3) and NH3 oxidation (NH3-SCO, Selective Catalytic Oxidation of NH3) was examined. Micro-mesoporous catalysts with the properties of ZSM-5 zeolite were obtained by desilication with NaOH and NaOH/TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) mixture with different ratios (TPA+/OH-= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and ∞) and for different durations (1, 2, 4 and 6 h). The results of the catalytic studies (over the Cu-exchanged samples) showed higher activity of this novel mesostructured group of zeolitic materials. Enhanced catalytic performance was related to the generated mesoporosity (improved Hierarchy Factor (HF) of the samples), that was observed especially with the use of Pore Directing Agent (PDA) additive, TPAOH. Applied desilication conditions did not influence significantly the crystallinity of the samples (X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)), despite the treatment for 6 h in NaOH solution, which was found to be too severe to preserve the zeolitic properties of the samples. The modified porous structure and accessibility of acid sites (increased surface acidity determined by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD)) influenced the red-ox properties of copper species introduced by ion-exchange method (temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR). Increased acidity of the micro-mesoporous samples, as well as the content of easily reducible copper species resulted in a significant improvement of Cu-ZSM-5 catalytic efficiency in the NH3-SCR and NH3-SCO processes.
High concentrations of air pollution probably occurred in Krakow in the nineteenth and early twen... more High concentrations of air pollution probably occurred in Krakow in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Since the late 1960s due to the development of monitoring networks level of air pollution is well documented. In the past few decades, a considerable drop in SO 2 concentration has been observed in conjunction with a major increase in the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides concentrations. The complex composition of aerosol particle samples (quartz, feldspars, clay minerals, carbonates, sulphates, chlorides, aluminosilicate and iron or iron oxide spherules of industrial origin and soot) suggests the multiplicity of their sources. In the near future, increased concentration of very fine particles and precursors of photochemical smog should be expected because of increasing emission from vehicle engines.
Granitic gruses are usually considered as a product of deep weathering, but the influence of hydr... more Granitic gruses are usually considered as a product of deep weathering, but the influence of hydrothermal fluids was also noticed. In this work, a wide range of mineralogical and chemical methods performed on 43 samples from three representative outcrops and a reference site is used to determine the influence of hydrothermal and weathering fluids on the development of granitic gruses from the coarse grained Karkonosze granite. Four types of altered granites have been distinguished, including compact and friable granite, typical grus, and localized heavy altered zones. Mineralogical observations such as complete albitization of plagioclase and crystallization of secondary quartz revealed an important role of hydrothermal alteration at the early stage of grusification. The origin of smectite and alteration of biotite into muscovite are likely to be connected with circulation of hydrothermal fluids too. Grusification sensu stricto was primarily caused by vermiculitization of biotite which resulted in volumetric expansion and the development of transmineral microcracks with non-accordant pore surfaces. Thus, it requires hydrothermal alteration to be relatively minor, confined to postmagmatic changes, since more advanced alteration of biotite into muscovite rather than vermiculite arrests further development of microcracks and leads to the development of friable granite.
Sk�ad i pochodzenie cz�stek py��w w powietrzu atmosferycznym w Krakowie
AURA, 2015
ABSTRACT Tocząca się od dłuższego czasu żywa dyskusja na temat złej jakości powietrza atmosferycz... more ABSTRACT Tocząca się od dłuższego czasu żywa dyskusja na temat złej jakości powietrza atmosferycznego w K rakowie świadczy o tym, że i społeczeństwo, i władze zdają sobie sprawę z powagi sytuacji. Przebieg dyskusji w pewnym stopniu może budzić zdziwienie. Wygłaszane są różne opinie, niekiedy nawet skrajne, z których można wnosić, że sytuacja aerosanitarna w K rakowie była i jest całkowicie nieznana. Zaangażowani od wielu lat w badania aerozoli w K rakowie, zdajemy sobie sprawę z potrzeby podjęcia kompleksowych, lecz dobrze ukierunkowanych badań w celu szczegółowego wyjaśnienia przyczyn wysokiej koncentracji pyłów w powietrzu w K rakowie i ich źródeł. Pragniemy jednak zwrócić uwagę, że sytuacja w istotnym stopniu jest rozpoznana, a poniżej krótko przedstawić informacje na temat cząstek pyłów pobranych w K rakowie. Nie komentujemy tu wyników modelowań (np. źródeł pyłów), wykonywanych przez różnych autorów, gdyż zagadnienie to wymagałoby oddzielnego omówienia. Nie komentujemy również związków między koncentracją pyłów a warunkami meteorologicznymi, np. wpływającymi na utrzymywanie się podwyższonych koncentracji pyłów w okresie zimowym. Systematyczne badania prowadzone w monitoringu jakości powietrza województwa małopolskiego przez Wojewódzki Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (WIOŚ) w K rakowie wskazują, że w K rakowie oprócz wysokiej koncentracji pyłów (PM10 i PM2,5) notuje się stosunkowo wysokie koncentracje tlenków azotu (NO2) przy niskich (w porównaniu z sytuacją sprzed lat, a w latach 2013-2014 rzadko przekraczających dopuszczalne stężenia) koncentracjach SO2 (Wojewódzki Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska, http://www.krakow.pios.gov. pl). Równocześnie w latach 2005-2014 najwyższe stężenia średnioroczne PM10 miały miejsce na stacji Kraków - Aleja Krasińskiego, analogiczna sytuacja wystąpiła w latach 2009-2014 w przypadku pyłu PM 2,5. Fakty te jednoznacznie wskazują na znaczenie innych, poza spalaniem węgla, źródeł zaniecz[...]
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