Manu Rathee

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Anatomy, Head and Neck, Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

The lateral pterygoid muscle is a craniomandibular muscle that plays a crucial role in the cranio... more The lateral pterygoid muscle is a craniomandibular muscle that plays a crucial role in the craniofacial system. It is the key muscle of the inferior temporal region. The Lateral pterygoid muscle is active during mastication and during mandibular movements such as protrusion (forward movement of the mandible), abduction (depression of the mandible), mediotrusion (movement of the mandibular condyle towards the midline) and particularly during speaking, singing and clenching. Among all the muscles of mastication, it is the only muscle with fibers arranged horizontally.[1] Functionally, the muscle is analogous to the temporalis muscle. The fan-shaped temporalis muscle exhibits a continuous range of movements anteroposteriorly, while the lateral pterygoid muscle exhibits a continuous range of functional movements mediolaterally as well as superoinferiorly.[2] The lateral pterygoid muscle has two heads or bellies. The inferior belly is three times larger than the superior belly.

Anatomy, Head and Neck, Stylopharyngeus Muscles

The stylopharyngeus muscle is a long, slender and tapered longitudinal pharyngeal muscle that run... more The stylopharyngeus muscle is a long, slender and tapered longitudinal pharyngeal muscle that runs between the styloid process of the temporal bone and the pharynx and functions during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The stylopharyngeus muscle, along with two other styloid muscles, i.e., the styloglossus muscle and the stylohyoid muscle, form the ‘bunch of Riolanus.’ It is the most vertical and medial among all the three styloid muscles.

Anatomy, Head and Neck, Buccinator Muscle

The Buccinator muscle is a bilateral square-shaped muscle constituting the mobile as well as the ... more The Buccinator muscle is a bilateral square-shaped muscle constituting the mobile as well as the adaptable cheek area. Couper and Myot coined the term buccinator in the year 1694. This muscle is sometimes referred to as an accessory muscle of mastication due to its role in compressing the cheeks inwards against molars, thus, aiding in chewing and swallowing. Due to its function of puffing out cheeks, it is also called “trumpeter muscle.” It lies deep to the skin. Superficial to this muscle lies the anterior border of the masseter muscle and more superficial facial muscles. One of the first muscle in an infant to get activated during sucking is buccinator.

Oral rehabilitation through preventive approach: Overdenture and fenestrated

Achieving excellence in aesthetics and preservation of remaining structure is the ultimate goal i... more Achieving excellence in aesthetics and preservation of remaining structure is the ultimate goal in preventive prosthodontic. Overden a preventive prosthodontic concept as it endeavours to preserve remaining teeth and thus found to be eminently suitable for treating patients with few remaining natural teeth. discusses the merits of using selectively retained roots and abutments to minimize alveolar ridge resorption underneath the complete denture fabricated as maxillary overdenture and mandibular fenestrated denture.

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Stability In Mandibular Denture

Oral Rehabilitation Of A Patient Of Ectodermal Dysplasia With Multidisciplinary Approach

The Internet Journal of Family Practice, 2013

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary condition characterized by abnormal development of the struc... more Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary condition characterized by abnormal development of the structures of ectodermal origin like skin, hair, teeth, sweat glands and nails. Its common oral manifestation is partial absence of teeth. This condition affects the esthetics and functional capability of the patient. Also, it has a devastating effect on the psychology of the patient. Management of this condition has to address all the interdisciplinary aspects to achieve a complete oral rehabilitation. Early and extensive dental treatment is needed because of the absence of multiple deciduous and permanent teeth.

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Maxillofacial Impression Making

Facial defects can result from trauma, treatment of neoplasms, or congenital malformations. Resto... more Facial defects can result from trauma, treatment of neoplasms, or congenital malformations. Restoration of facial defects is a challenge. The replacement of missing parts such as a nose, eye, ear or the construction of a device to rebuild facial or cranial contour requires the expertise and precision in clinical skill and utilization of available materials. The primary objectives in each case are to construct a prosthesis which will restore the defect, improve aesthetics and function and thereby benefit the morale of the patient. In order to achieve these objectives a maxillofacial Prosthodontist must know how to make accurate impressions of the defects. The precision in the impression making is the first and the most crucial step in successful rehabilitation of maxillofacial defect. This book highlights the simple, basic but important factors to be taken into consideration, during impression making of various maxillofacial prostheses.

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Lingualized Occlusion -An Optimal Occlusal Scheme in Severe Residual Ridge Resorption in Edentulous Patients

Occlusion has a considerable influence on the outco me of every Prosthodontic treatment as occlus... more Occlusion has a considerable influence on the outco me of every Prosthodontic treatment as occlusal prematurities have destructive and destabi lizing influences on dentures. Unless denture bases are adequately and evenly stabilized, it is v irtually impossible to properly equilibrate the occlusion. Inorder to overcome this problem the rel ative simplicity involved in development, lingualized occlusal scheme has gained favor among practitioners as adjustment required to compensate for minor changes in vertical and centri c relation are readily accomplished for dentures. Thus, this article describes the principl es and practical implementation of an arrangement in lingualized occlusion, as an optimal occlusal scheme in severe residual ridge resorption of edentulous patients.

Measurement of the average weight of conventional complete dentures processed with acrylic resin base material and the associated clinical significance

Objective: To determine the average weight of conventional complete dentures processed with acryl... more Objective: To determine the average weight of conventional complete dentures processed with acrylic resin base material and the associated clinical significance Materials and methodology: Weight of a total of 200 complete dentures; 100 ideal dentures fabricated by pre clinical students and 100 mucosal borne complete dentures fabricated for patients; was measured in a caliberated glass jar. The weights of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were compared and association between age, gender and duration of edentulousness was seen. Results: The average weight of maxillary and mandibular patient's dentures was found to be 13.46 ±3.90 gm and 11.33±3.07 gm respectively. The average weight of ideal maxillary and mandibular dentures was found to be 17.7 ±3.21gm and 15.11±3.44 gm respectively. Conclusion: The average weight of maxillary denture was more than that of mandibular denture in ideal as well patients' denture.

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Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography System in Implant Dentistry- An Overview

The Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) system in all fields of dentistry is well known. This is... more The Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) system in all fields of dentistry is well known. This is a technology based evolution with transition from two dimensional to three dimensional imaging in the maxillofacial region. It is used in planning dental implant treatment as it assesses the bone and the hard dental tissue with respect to the quality and quantity. Hence, appropriate diagnosis at initial stages is important factors in determining the success of dental implants. This paper provides an overview based on assessment of ridge morphology, available bone quality and quantity and technology based guided implant placement.

Anatomy, Head and Neck, Tooth Eruption

Tooth eruption is the movement of the tooth germ from its non-functional position in the alveolar... more Tooth eruption is the movement of the tooth germ from its non-functional position in the alveolar processes to its final functional position in the oral cavity. The term eruption is different from the term emergence as the latter refers to the moment of appearance of any aspect of the cusp/crown through the gingival. The term for the period until the appearance of the teeth in the oral cavity is the eruption time. It can be normal or delayed. Normal biologic eruption time is the tooth eruption that occurs when the root has formed approximately two-thirds of its final length. Delayed biologic eruption refers to delay in the eruption of the tooth despite the formation of two-third or more than two-thirds of the root. The eruption is a continuous process that continues throughout life and does not stop on reaching the occlusal plane. In general, the tooth erupts when there is resorption of the overlying alveolar bone so that an eruption pathway forms, guided by anatomic structures, bio...

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Mandibular Atrophied Residual Alveolar Ridge Utilizing Neutral Zone Approach: A Case Report

Prosthetic management of patients with atrophic residual alveolar ridges is often challenging bec... more Prosthetic management of patients with atrophic residual alveolar ridges is often challenging because of ongoing process of diminution of the denture bearing foundation with time. However, in spite of available pre-prosthetic treatment approaches, such as various pre-prosthetic surgeries, and modern treatment approach such as dental implant therapy, as a means of improving the denture bearing foundation, fabrication of complete dentures using the neutral zone approach in case of atrophied residual ridge is the most utilized technique. As one of the prime objective of complete denture prosthodontics is to fabricate a virtually undetectable prosthesis that simulate harmonious positions and relationship with the adjacent tissue. This virtually undetectable 3-dimensional positioning of prosthesis can be easily achieved with neutral zone technique. This report describes a case of atrophic mandibular ridge using the neutral zone technique.

Surgical Removal of Palatal Bony Exostosis: A Case Report

Bony exostosis is a slow growing, benign bony overgrowth that slowly grow over the patient's ... more Bony exostosis is a slow growing, benign bony overgrowth that slowly grow over the patient's lifetime. They consist of dense, compact, cortical bone. They are avascular in nature. Most of them are asymptomatic. However, surgical removal of exostoses is indicated when the patients feel discomfort due to its presence and their presence interferes in function like mastication, deglutition, speech etc. In some patient difficulty during prosthetic rehabilitation with removable prosthesis is also a reason for their surgical removal. This article presents a case report of surgical removal of a palatal bony exostosis, which was making patient uncomfortable. Frequent ulcerations of overlying mucosa during mastication and deglutition and apprehension of patient led to treatment plan of its complete surgical excision.

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Customized hollow surgical stent for congenital vaginal agenesis in early adolescent female with MRKH syndrome: a case report

Nigerian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2020

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a congenital malformation resulting in the abse... more Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a congenital malformation resulting in the absent or small uterus and variable degrees of vaginal hypoplasia of its upper portion. One of the treatment goals for these patients is the creation of an artificial vagina either conservatively or surgically. Use of long-term prosthetic vaginal stents prevents the possible contraction of the reconstructed vagina, maintain vaginal width and depth and avoid vaginal stenosis. Prefabricated stents of standard sizes have widely been utilized to assist surgical creation of a neovagina. However, a customized stent has the evident advantage of the possibility of adjusting the size as per individual patient requirements. In the present clinical report, an early adolescent female patient with MRKH syndrome was surgically managed with insertion of a customized vaginal stent that offers the versatility of design configuration to suit the various clinical situations.

An Insight into Dental Implant Abutment Selection Criteria: An Overview

Journal of Advanced Oral Research, 2014

A critical determinant with potential to improve success rate of dental implants falls on prosthe... more A critical determinant with potential to improve success rate of dental implants falls on prosthetic as much as on surgical phase for treating partially edentulous patients. Successful prosthetic rehabilitation of preciously driven implant is necessary for overall long-term predictable result. During the past several decades, numbers of abutment designs and materials have been introduced to facilitate better prosthetic therapy under individual clinical situation. With a plethora of dental implant systems available has improved the esthetics and functional results, clinicians have reported considerable difficulty and confusion in treatment planning dental implants for partially edentulous patients. This article aims to integrate information to address the criteria for implant abutment selection for a given clinical situation.

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Prosthetically Driven Implant Placement with Immediate Function in the Esthetic Zone - A Case Report

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, 2012

A waiting period of two weeks after osteotomy increases the surrounding tissue activity to its ma... more A waiting period of two weeks after osteotomy increases the surrounding tissue activity to its maximum level as collagen formation and neo-angiogenesis represents a relaxed and acceptable implant bed configuration. In this case delayed implant placement protocol and conventional implant placement was followed with immediate function of esthetics, phonetics and comfort with implant restoration in the esthetic zone with minimal invasive approach. Early osteotomy with delayed implant placement showed lesser bone resorption and higher success rates than conventional implant placement.

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Simple technique to fabricate a crown for abutment of an existing cast partial removable denture

Indian Journal of Dental Sciences, 2019

The requirement of full crown restoration for abutments of existing Cast partial removable dentur... more The requirement of full crown restoration for abutments of existing Cast partial removable denture is common. Retrofitting a crown to existing cast partial denture (CPD) clasps and guiding planes is a challenging task. Literature describes various direct, indirect, and direct-indirect techniques to overcome this dilemma. All these involve elaborate steps, necessitating refabrication of CPD or extended clinical adjustment time for ensuring a proper fit that is elusive in most cases and also patient has to do without CPD during laboratory procedure. The recent use of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacture technology for this purpose is proving to be a promising but expensive option. A simple technique is presented here to generate a blueprint of required final contours to facilitate a fully contoured metal crown to fit under an existing CPD.

Basics of clinical diagnosis in implant dentistry

Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization, 2015

Implant-based prosthetic rehabilitation requires an understanding of associated anatomical struct... more Implant-based prosthetic rehabilitation requires an understanding of associated anatomical structures. The ultimate predictability of an implant site is determined by the existing anatomy as related to dentition and the associated hard and soft tissues. Meticulous clinical assessment helps in determining the suitability of the potential site for implant placement. The purpose of this article is to present the clinical assessment for dental implants' placement to modulate peri-implant tissue characteristics in individual clinical need.

Multidisciplinary Oral Management in Cancer Therapy Part I: Pre-Surgical Management

International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, Jul 5, 2014

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An Insight into Dental Implant Removal: An Overview

Advanced Biomedical Bulletin, Mar 31, 2015

The successful rehabilitation of edentulous and partially dentate situation with dental implant h... more The successful rehabilitation of edentulous and partially dentate situation with dental implant has been well documented in the recent years. Despite a high success rate, implants failure is inevitable. Dental implant related complication can cause significant problems due to the difficulty in removing the fractured implant and the resultant ridge defects, in addition needing to modify the prosthetic appliance. This paper provides an overview on various techniques available to remove failed dental implant.

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