Fossil fuel is the main energy resource in Indonesia with oil as the dominant fuel (44.1% of prim... more Fossil fuel is the main energy resource in Indonesia with oil as the dominant fuel (44.1% of primary energy consumption) in 2017. But fossil fuel is not environmentally friendly and non-renewable. Thus, there is a need for alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel from nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil can provide a promising future as a renewable fuel resource. The used of CaO catalyst from eggshell waste is also profitable, and microwave radiation can help the biodiesel production process run more effectively. Optimization of parameters such as microwave power, catalyst concentration, and transesterification time was performed by using Box-Behnken design. Combinations between biodiesel production from nyamplung oil with CaO catalyst using microwave and treated with Box-Behnken design is considered a new and modern method with optimization of the parameters which affect the transesterification process. The result showed that at a microwave power of 325.24 W, ...
Saat ini pemanfaatan kapas dan kapuk masih terbatas penggunaannya dan seiring dengan berkembangny... more Saat ini pemanfaatan kapas dan kapuk masih terbatas penggunaannya dan seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi yang ada saat ini penggunaan kapas dan kapuk mulai sering banyak yang ditinggalkan. Oleh karena hal tersebut perlu dipikirkan kembali penggunaan kapas dan kapuk yang memiliki nilai guna dan nilai ekonomis yang lebih tinggi, diantaranya memanfaatkannya untuk pembuatan nitroselulosa. Tulisan ini menerangkan tentang pengaruh bahan baku selulosa pada proses pembuatan nitroselulosa dari bahan selulosa kapas dan kapuk dengan reaksi nitrasi, yang kedua pengaruh waktu reaksi, suhu reaksi, dan komposisi larutan asam terhadap kualitas nitroselulosa yang dihasilkan, dan yang ketiga perbandingan kualitas nitroselulosa yang dihasilkan dari selulosa kapas dan dari selulosa kapuk. Pada penelitian ini dibagi dalam dua tahapan yaitu tahap pembuatan nitroselulosa dan tahap pengujian ratio %nitroselulosa yang diperoleh dan kandungan gugus nitro dalam nitroselulosa. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pen...
Energy demand is currently increasing in line with technological and economic developments, but n... more Energy demand is currently increasing in line with technological and economic developments, but not accompanied by an increase in energy reserves. So we need another alternative energy that can be renewed, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel has been produced commercially through the transesterification from vegetable oil with methanol using catalyst that produces esters and glycerol. The formation of glycerol which is by-product can reduce its economic value, so it needs to be done the separation process. Therefore, a new route is proposed in this study, namely the interesterification reaction (non-alcoholic route) using methyl acetate as an alkyl group supplier and potassium methoxide catalyst. The superiority of the product produced by the interesterification reaction is biodiesel with triacetin byproducts which have an economical value and can be added to biodiesel formulations because of their solubility so that no side product separation process is needed. To increase the yield of bio...
Abstrak-Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) adalah umbi porang yang memiliki kandungan asam ... more Abstrak-Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) adalah umbi porang yang memiliki kandungan asam oksalat yang tinggi yang dapat menimbulkan iritasi dan gatal apabila dikonsumsi namun memiliki kandungan glukomannan yang sangat bermanfaat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses ekstraksi asam oksalat pada umbi porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) dengan metode mechanical separation. Adapun metode yang dilakukan yaitu penggilingan chip porang, melakukan pengayakan, melakukan analisa di mikroskop dan melakukan proses titrasi. Dari hasil proses titrasi, asam oksalat yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis yield dan recovery nya. Yield dan Recovery tertinggi yang didapatkan sebesar 24,9894% dan 86,1173% dari mesh 100 menggunakan pe larut natrium bicarbonate, sedangkan untuk pengujian sifat fisik dilakukan melalui analisa mikroskop cahaya didapatkan kandungan asam oksalat yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya morfologi jarum kristal. Kata Kunci-Umbi porang (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus), asam oksalat, mechanical separation.
REACTION KINETIC MODEL OF RBD PALM OIL BASED-POLYOL PRODUCTION. Polyol, a raw material of polyure... more REACTION KINETIC MODEL OF RBD PALM OIL BASED-POLYOL PRODUCTION. Polyol, a raw material of polyurethane, has successfully been produced from a renewable resource namely RBD palm oil. This polyol was made by firstly adding a peroxyacetic acid formed in situ from H 2 O 2 and CH 3 COOH with H 2 SO 4 as cataliyst into RBD palm oil to form epoxidized RBD palm oil. The epoxidized palm oil then was added to a mixture of methanol (MeOH), isopropanol (IPA), and H 2 SO 4 for 2 hours at 60 o C so that palm oil-based polyol was formed. The main equipment used in this research was a 500 mL three necked flask, equipped with a reflux condeser, thermometer, water bath and magnetic stirrer. The product was analysed using a titration method and Infra Red (IR) Spectroscopy. It was obtained that the produced palm oil-based polyol has a value of hydroxyl number of 150-209 mg KOH/g sample and a viscosity of 740.777 cP. These results are in accordance with other polyol products from other sources. The kinetic of palm oil-based kinetic was studied and the best model of the reaction rate equation was
THE EFFECTIVTY OF Co/Mo CATALYSTS IN HYDROCRACKING OF NYAMPLUNG OIL. Hydrocracking process of Nya... more THE EFFECTIVTY OF Co/Mo CATALYSTS IN HYDROCRACKING OF NYAMPLUNG OIL. Hydrocracking process of Nyamplung Oil was presented using Co and Mo as metal catalysts. Ratio of CoMo metals in catalysts, can give better catalytic activity for Nyamplung Oil conversion. In this process, we used Co/Mo ratio (0.264/0.64), (0.62/1.61), and (1.23/3.22) towards SiO 2 dan γ-Al 2 O 3 . This catalyst has made by wet impregnation method with drying temperature at 383 K during 8 hours and was calcined at 773 K for 5 hours. This catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and showed Co 3 O 4 , MoO 3 and CoMoO 4 substances that was deposited at CoMo/SiO 2 catalyst surface. Then, Co 3 O 4 , MoO 3 , MoO 2 and CoMoO 4 substances was also appeared at CoMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst surface. That all phases which is deposited at both of this catalyst surface, is appropriate with International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD standards). Then, this catalyst was used for hydrocracking process of Nyamplung Oil that takes place at batch reactor. That process was carried out at 3 MPa and 623 K over 2 hours. C 5 -C 11 dan C 12 -C 18 products was produced from Nyamplung Oil conversion using this process. Both of this products is increased correspond to the addition of Co and Mo metals ratio. The highest yield that was achieved is C 5 -C 11 (24.30%) and C 12 -C 18 (61.28%) when using Co/Mo (1.23/3.22)/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Meanwhile, Co/Mo (1.23/3.22)/ SiO 2 catalyst can produce C 5 -C 11 (19.52%) and C 12 -C 18 (53.55%).
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