Papers by MUHAMMAD MUSTAPHA MUHAMMAD
Comparing a vessel sealing system with the conventional technique in axillary lymph node dissection for primary breast cancer
Minia Journal of Medical Research
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 2022
This study attempted to evaluate the performance capacity of Triangular weirs with bottom orifice... more This study attempted to evaluate the performance capacity of Triangular weirs with bottom orifices by varying the crest angles, diameters and number of orifices. Forty- Eight (48) triangular weirs with bottom orifices with crest angles of degrees 450, 600, and 900 with varying orifice sizes of diameters 6.5 mm, 7.5 mm and 8.5 mm and the number of orifices ranging from one to five. The analysis of the results indicates that, the discharge (Q) increases with an increase in effective head above crest (Ha) while the discharge coefficients (Cd) are found increasing steadily as the number of orifices and diameter increases with a minimum and maximum Cd of 0.3128 and 1.7986 respectively while the hydraulic performance of the models increasing as the number of orifices increases with the best hydraulic performance of the weirs determined to be 1.7630 at the model of angle 900 with five orifices of diameter 8.5 mm
International Journal of Applied Research, 2020
This survey was carried out to examine the awareness of people about public evaluation of yelwa p... more This survey was carried out to examine the awareness of people about public evaluation of yelwa police divisional office performance in yelwa police division. Structured questionnaire were administered to both literate and illiterate alike with good response. Chi-square test of independence was employed to analyze the data at 95% level of significance. It was found out that the efficiency and effectiveness of police authority does not depend on gender and the rate of crime. Based on the findings appropriate recommendation were made.
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 2021
Different parameters of a weir model have a great effect on the discharge coefficient. In this ex... more Different parameters of a weir model have a great effect on the discharge coefficient. In this experimental study the effect of varying angle of a trapezoidal weir coupled with a below semi-circular gate is determined. The result showed that the higher the value of the higher the coefficient of discharge. The respective average discharge coefficient of the block model and the trapezoidal weir models are; 0.48031,0.48880, 0.49565, 0.49647, 0.49892 and 0.49934. As such the trapezoidal weir with has the highest value of average discharge coefficient =0.49934. Hence the most efficient. Linear and nonlinear regression analysis were used to generate mathematical equations that can be used to predict the flow rate Q for the combined weir-gate structure and the discharge coefficient of the most efficient model with respectively. The discharge coefficient for the most efficient weir model was found to be 3.81% more than that of the block model (with rectangular weir). The predicted coe...
مجلة کلیة الآداب . جامعة بنی سویف, 2017
Ralph Ellison (1914Ellison ( -1994) ) is an African-American novelist, and literary critic. His f... more Ralph Ellison (1914Ellison ( -1994) ) is an African-American novelist, and literary critic. His fiction asserts the need for white Americans to recognize the Negro identity in all its complexity. His most famous novel, Invisible Man, is published just before the crest of America's revolutionary wave of Civil Rights for minorities. It is hailed not only as the first significant novel by a black author to receive the prestigious National Book Award for Fiction in 1953, but to change the shape of American literature. The study traces the physical and psychological transformation of its hero, an unnamed narrator; a young Southern Negro, a college-educated, who is relentlessly struggling to survive and delineate himself in a racially-divided society that refuses to see him as a human being. The aim of the study is to examine and analyze the theme of a man's lifelong quest for his identity and place in society as a black man in white America-a perilous journey from blind ignorance to enlightened awareness and disillusionment-or, according to the author, -from Purpose to Passion to Perception,‖ a triumvirate that Ellison says spurred his efforts, as seen from the perspective of the first-person narrator, and through a series of flashbacks in the forms of dreams and memories. It also illustrates the powerful social and political forces that conspire to keep black Americans, in Ellison's words, "in their place," denying them the "inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" guaranteed to all Americans.
مجلة کلیة الآداب . جامعة بنی سویف, 2017
Carson McCullers (1917McCullers ( -1967) ) is an acclaimed American novelist, short story writer,... more Carson McCullers (1917McCullers ( -1967) ) is an acclaimed American novelist, short story writer, playwright, essayist, and poet. The Member of the Wedding is her third novel. It was published in 1946, but was adapted for the stage and won the New York Drama Critics"Award in 1950. As indicative of her Southern roots, most of McCullers"oeuvre focuses on lonely, disconnected people who seek escape from their stifling, small hometown existences. Partly biographical, the novel sounds like a typical Bildungsroman story. Because the characters and themes of McCullers's fiction were created in the 1940s and 1950s, a time of tension between the changing status of women and the southern ideal of womanhood, they are particularly fertile ground for a modern reexamination of this nature. The present study explores, as its central focus, the troubled adolescent protagonist Frankie"s psychological jouney from being entrapped, ostracized and alienated to achieve maturity and accommodation. It traces not only the three stages Frankie undergoes to shape her personality, but also analyzes her inner realms and how she abandons her childhood self in order to adopt and portray a new feminine, adult image. To achieve what she aspires to, the study shows how a distinct change of direction in Frankie"s life occurs and she succeeds, at last, to assert herself and change her identity in that patriarchal Southern world.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOEC... more Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) which is a system designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality using constructed grass swales, subsurface modules, dry and wet ponds. BIOECODS is gradually gaining attention as one of the most ecologically sustainable solutions to the frequent flash floods in Malaysia and the rest of the world with a focus on the impact of the subsurface modules to the effectiveness of the system. Nearly two decades of post-construction research in the BIOECODS technology, there is need to review findings and areas of improvement in the system. Thus, this study highlighted the key advances and challenges in these subsurface drainage modules through an extensive review of related literature. From the study, more work is required on the hydraulic characteristics, flow attenuation and direct validation methods between field, laboratory, and numerical data. Also, there is concern over the loss of ...
Water, 2019
The flow resistance of the existing modules in the bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS) is h... more The flow resistance of the existing modules in the bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS) is high and may lead to flood instead of its mitigation. As part of efforts to enhance the performance of the system, the river engineering and urban drainage research center (REDAC) module was developed. This study modelled the hydrodynamics of flow through this module using FLOW-3D and laboratory experiments for two cases of free flow without module (FFWM) and flow with a module (FWM) to understand and visualize the effects of the module. With less than 5% error between the numerical and experimental results, REDAC module altered the flow pattern and created resistance by increasing the Manning’s roughness coefficient at the upstream, depth-averaged flow velocity (43.50 cm/s to about 46.50 cm/s) at the downstream and decreasing water depth (7.75–6.50 cm). These variations can be attributed to the complex nature of the module pattern with further increase across the porous openings. Therefo...
International Journal of River Basin Management, 2018
The analysis of flow resistance due vegetation remains an issue in the hydraulic industry, althou... more The analysis of flow resistance due vegetation remains an issue in the hydraulic industry, although it has been systematically studied for several decades, accurate prediction of the resistance is still a challenge. This is because most of previous studies used synthetic vegetation to model flow -vegetation interactions. This paper presents the applications of artificial neural network (ANN) and gene expression programming (GEP) as advanced tools, to predict the flow resistance (n) of natural vegetation using a grassed swale and laboratory channel, irrespective of the grass height with relative to flow depth. To achieve this, hourly discharges and water depths were measured in the grassed swale for different rainfall events using electromagnetic current meter. Experiments were performed in the laboratory channel using the same grass, in order to get additional data. From the results obtained regression equation was developed for predicting the flow resistance through the use of dimensional analysis. The regression equation obtained was compared with the established models of ANN and GEP. The results show that ANN and GEP models gave a better prediction of n-values, based on performance indices. However, the GEP model would be preferred as it produced a physical equation that can be used in engineering practice.
Analysis of Manning’s and Drag Coefficients for Flexible Submerged Vegetation
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Accurate determination of flow resistance is of great significance in modelling of open channels ... more Accurate determination of flow resistance is of great significance in modelling of open channels that will convey water efficiently. Although, resistance or drag induced by vegetation have been systematically studied for several decades, estimating of the resistance remain as a challenge. This is because most of previous studies use artificial vegetation to investigate flow – vegetation interactions. To overcome this, the present study evaluates the vegetation resistance in terms of Manning's roughness coefficient and drag coefficient using a natural flexible vegetation (cow grass) under submerged condition. From the experimental result obtained, it was observed that the Manning's and drag coefficients decreased with the increasing in average velocity. Also, graphical relationship between Manning's coefficient, n and drag coefficient, CD has been developed with R2 = 0.9465, which indicate that there exist a strong correlation between n and CD, and one can use the proposed graphical model to predict the n - values corresponding to the CD – values.
Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics, 2016
This study assesses the hydraulic suitability of Turf Reinforcements Mat (TRM) and Erosion Contro... more This study assesses the hydraulic suitability of Turf Reinforcements Mat (TRM) and Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) as bioengineering materials for erosion control. Two different trapezoidal test channels were constructed for testing the biomaterials, in which one is narrow and non-uniform in cross section and the other one is regular in shape. Hydraulic characteristics of flow through these materials were Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad et al. 766 determined in terms of flow velocities and shear stresses. The results obtained in all cases of flow depths show that the maximum velocity for TRM ranges between 0.23 to 0.86m/s, while that of ECB varies from 0.23 to 0.97m/s. Also, both TRM and ECB have shear stresses ranging from 0.766N/m 2 to 3.372N/m 2 including bed and bank shear stresses of the test channels. Furthermore, the greater the flow depth, the higher the velocities and shear stresses, except in the case of the regular channel when the flow depth is equal to 0.25m, the velocity suddenly dropped. However, lower flow depths gave velocities and shear stresses that are within the allowable values and appropriate for designing a stable channel. It was concluded that TRM performed the best for having lower velocity range and higher shear stresses compared to ECB.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016
This study focuses on employing channel lining materials that includes Turf Reinforcements Mat (T... more This study focuses on employing channel lining materials that includes Turf Reinforcements Mat (TRM) and Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) as bioengineering techniques for erosion control. Hydraulic characteristics of flow through these materials were determined in terms of flow velocities and shear stresses. The experimental results indicated that the average velocity for TRM ranges between 0.6 to 3.5 m/s, while that of ECB varies from 0.7 to 4.1 m/s. Also, TRM has shear stress values of 1.950 N/m 3 for bed and 1.575 N/m 3 for bank respectively of test channel when the flow depth was 15cm. While ECB has shear stresses of 2.138 N/m3 for bed and 1.721 N/m 3 for bank for same flow depth of 15cm. However, when the flow depth is 5 cm, TRM has values of 0.972 N/m 3 for bed and 0.769 N/m 3 for bank, and ECB gives 0.957 N/m 3 for bed and 0.766 N/m 3 for bank of test channel. Hence, the greater the flow depth, the higher the velocities and shear stresses respectively. Conversely, lower flow depths lead to velocities and shear stresses that are within the allowable standards for designing a stable channel. Generally, TRM performed the best for having higher shear stresses compared to ECB.
Ikhtibarot al-lughoti / Muhammad Abdul Kholiq Muhammad
1 Bahasa Arab Studi Dan Pengajaran 2 Bahasa Arab Tes Dan Pengukuran Ikhtibarot Al Lughoti Muhammad Abdul Kholiq Muhammad, 1989
4th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2016), 2016
Studying the velocity distributions in grassed channel such as swale can help in proper design of... more Studying the velocity distributions in grassed channel such as swale can help in proper design of eco-friendly channel against erosion. To understand the hydrodynamics of vegetated channel, previous studies make use of artificial vegetation to perform laboratory experiments, and this has been challenged by several researches. The present study employed the use of natural submerged vegetation to investigate the velocity distribution within a grassed flume. To achieve this, velocity profiles were measured using Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) in order to obtain the stream-wise and vertical velocity profiles along several vertical and cross sections. Evaluation of the experimental results revealed that the velocity profile was not uniformly distributed in channel infested by submerged grass; and the velocity distribution is greatly influenced by the vegetation density. It can be concluded that for a submerged flexible vegetation the velocity profiles for both stream-wise and verticals are being influenced by the grass roughness, geometry and the flow depth. From the results, it was found that the flow depth of 0.15 m has wider velocity range compared to the other depths of 0.20 m and 0.40 m respectively, with the 0.40 m depth having the least velocity range.
Pulsed dye laser versus long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloid: A comparative randomized split-scar trial
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2016
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign fibrous growths that occur after trauma or wounding of ... more Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign fibrous growths that occur after trauma or wounding of the skin and present a major therapeutic problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PDL versus Nd:YAG laser in hypertrophic scar and keloid. Twenty patients with hypertrophic scars and keloid included in a prospective, randomized, split-scar study. Half of each scar was randomized to treatment with a 595-nm PDL and the contralateral half with the 1064-nm Nd:YAG. Each patient received 6 laser treatment sessions at one month intervals. The scars were evaluated at baseline and one month after last laser session using the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). One month after the last laser treatment, final total VSS analysis of treated sites by PDL and long pulsed Nd:YAG laser revealed significant improvements (p<0.001), whereas the average percentage of improvement the total VSS were 55.14% for PDL and 65.44% for Nd:YAG laser. However, there were no statistically significant differences between PDL and long pulsed Nd:YAG laser treated sites for total VSS (p=0.074). This was a single-center non-controlled trial, include the small number of the patients and subjective outcome measure. Pulsed dye laser and long pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatments for keloid and hypertrophic scar provide significant improvement with insignificant difference between both modalities.
Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, petroleum, biofuel,... more Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, petroleum, biofuel, or biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reaction of the raw material at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. Presently, there are many biomass sources available for gasification. Although there is an abundant choice of biomass, the challenge that we are currently facing is that there is not one single universal gasifier that is capable of producing syngas from different types of biomass. In present technology, the design of gasifier is very fuel-specific which means each gasifier utilizes one type of primary biomass source. Should there is an interruption or inconsistency of the primary biomass source; it would be beneficial if the option of replacing it with another alternative existed. Thus, this project aims to identify which different types of biomass sources can be gasified in one single gasifier. The downdraft gasifier was designed to have oil palm fronds as its primary feedstock. The objective was to see what feedstock is compatible to oil palm fronds using the same downdraft gasifier. This study was conducted using locally available biomass sources which are oil palm fronds, woods, coconut husks and sugarcane bagasse. Prior to the experiment, three chemical analysis were being carried out, proximate, ultimate and energy analysis for each feedstock. Afterwards, gasification experiment would be conducted for each feedstock individually. The resulting temperature profile, syngas analysis and problems occurred during gasification were recorded. Besides that, a simulation to determine the syngas composition was carried out using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Looking at the results, in a nutshell, woods were the most promising replacement for oil palm fronds. It has the highest energy content at 22292J/g and at 11% moisture content (wet basis), the gasification experiment produced syngas with no gasification problem and little tar formation. The syngas produced contained 13.87% carbon monoxide, 51.69% hydrogen, 31.99% carbon dioxide and 2.46% methane. First and foremost, the highest gratitude goes to Allah the Al-Mighty because of His mercy and kindness, the author has successfully completed this project within the time provided. Throughout the two semesters, the research project has greatly benefited the author in various aspects especially in engineering knowledge. The experiences gained will be very useful to the author in his future career and endeavors. It is hope that the information gained from this project may benefit others especially UTP students and staff for reference. The successful completion of this project has been made possible through the help and support of many individuals and organizations. The author would like to express his special gratitude to his FYP supervisor, Ir. Dr Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman for giving the author an opportunity to acquire knowledgeable experiences throughout this project. The author again would like to extend his thanks and deep appreciation to his supervisor, whose guidance and advice had helped him a great deal in completing this project.
Comparative Study of Quality of Service (QoS) of E-Commerce and Conventional Commerce in Nigeria
International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE 2012)
Hydrodynamics of Flow over Axonopus Compressus (Cow Grass) as a Flexible Vegetation
In this experimental work, laboratory channel was constructed to evaluate the hydrodynamics of fl... more In this experimental work, laboratory channel was constructed to evaluate the hydrodynamics of flow through cow grass. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was used in determining the magnitude of velocity across various segments of the channel due to flow vegetation– interaction. The effect of vegetative roughness on flow velocity, Manning’s resistance, and velocity profiles were investigated. Results revealed the changes in the normal parabolic velocity profile to nearly flat in the streamwise direction. İt was also observed that the Manning’s coefficient generally decreases with rise in velocity of flow, and it increases with increase in the fractional flow depths, as the grass was completely submerged. Thus, the relationships and n–V curve obtained could be use in proper design of grassed channels.
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Papers by MUHAMMAD MUSTAPHA MUHAMMAD