There is an adequate amount of proof to recommend that regional disparities within most developin... more There is an adequate amount of proof to recommend that regional disparities within most developing countries are terrifyingly high and almost certainly ever-increasing. This disparity creates copious economic, social, cultural and environmental problems. The present study makes an attempt to inspect the interstate disparities in provisions of level of socio-demographic and economic development in India based on some selected variables by applying Principle Component Analysis (PCA) which is a technique of experimental factorial analysis and the level of development individually for the social, economic and inclusive socioeconomic are acquired by computing the Composite Indices (CI). The indicators are chosen on the basis of straight impact and justified their implication of the investigation. From the result, it is exhibited that Kerala (indices 179.60) takes positioned first and Jammu and Kashmir (indices 149.08) takes last position in the socio-economic improvement. An extensive im...
Migration in today’s world is shaped by a number of factors related to economic, political, relig... more Migration in today’s world is shaped by a number of factors related to economic, political, religious, ethnicity, life risk, and some socio-cultural issues. There are very significant migration flows in some developing areas, with considerable impacts on individuals, households and regions of origin. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the determinate of economic and non-economic factors of labour migration. For this purpose 160 randomly selected migrants and their families were interviewed at Koch Bihar district using closed and open-ended questionnaires. The resulting data provided descriptive and analytical statistics. Data analysis reveals that the flow of labour migration to the major cities in India is the result of rural urban dichotomies in income, employment opportunity and absorptive capacity. Result also shows that migration is influenced by both “push” and “pull” factors, such as the search for work, landlessness, extreme poverty, loss of income,, easy...
Groundwater is the replenishable and dynamic resources on the earth. Understanding the sustainabi... more Groundwater is the replenishable and dynamic resources on the earth. Understanding the sustainability of water management is, therefore, the crucial factor in faring about agriculture, economy and environmental conditions. This study investigated the sustainability of large-scale groundwater-based irrigation by identifying the trend in groundwater depth (GWD) and explored the driving factors to characterize the identified trends in the lower Ganga River basin (LGRB) in India with an area of 195,601 km 2. Trends were identified in the in situ observation groundwater data (total wells = 527) by applying innovative trend analysis (ITA), Mann-Kendall (MK) test or modified MK (mMK) and Sen's slope estimator. The obtained results of all the methods confirmed that GWD in most of the studied wells had an increasing tendency in LGRB during 1996-2017. ITA showed that almost 85.39%, 62.23%, 85.39% and 57.12% wells for pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons, respectively, showed increasing trends. The rapidly increasing trend (slope: 5.22-136.33 cm/year) in monsoon season indicates shallow groundwater resource depletion, and groundwater abstraction exceeds the groundwater recharge. Findings also revealed that shallow pumps would not be functioning in the future for large-scale irrigation since shallow water is becoming scarce due to increasing water depth. In spite of irrigated areas continued almost the same (1997-2014), decreasing rainfall along with unplanned development of water resources is primarily identified as the main driving force for groundwater depletion at a large scale. Planned water management is urgent for ensuring sustainable irrigation water management.
The analysis of variability and trends of rainfall can be used to assist better decision for clim... more The analysis of variability and trends of rainfall can be used to assist better decision for climate risk and agricultural water management. This study makes an attempt to evaluate the trend and variability of annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall of 19 stations of Ajmer district, Rajasthan based on 44 year’s monthly rainfall data (1973-2016). Non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK), Modified Mann-Kendall (mMK) and Spearman’s rho (SR) tests were used to achieve if there was an increasing or decreasing trend in the time series and the Sen’s slope (Q) estimator was applied to identify the quantity of the trend. From the results, it was found that annual and monsoon rainfall both showed an increasing trend at three stations, located in the central part and a decreasing trend at two stations, located in the north-western and south-western part of the study area. The magnitude of maximum increasing trends in both annual and monsoon rainfall was observed at Goela (Q=+10.17 mm/year and+9.50 mm/y...
Challenges of sustainable groundwater management for large scale irrigation under changing climate in Lower Ganga River basin in India
Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2020
Groundwater based irrigation is one of the key factors for rapid agricultural development in Indi... more Groundwater based irrigation is one of the key factors for rapid agricultural development in India. Therefore, understanding the sustainability of irrigation water management is utmost important for agriculture. This study investigated the sustainability of groundwater based irrigation by identifying recent (1996–2017) trend in groundwater depth using Mann-Kendall (MK) test or Modified MK and Sen's slope analysis. This study also explored the relationships of groundwater depth with rainfall and irrigated areas in lower Ganga River basin in India with an area 195,601 km2. Results showed that almost 81.78%, 66.22%, 74.38% and 66.79% wells for pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons respectively showed increasing trends in groundwater depth. The rapid increasing trend (slope: 8.95–104.46 cm/year) in monsoon season indicates shallow groundwater resource depletion and groundwater abstraction exceeds the groundwater recharge. Moreover, dry seasons increasing trends infer...
The trend of temperature and homogeneity are the most significant issue for climate change allied... more The trend of temperature and homogeneity are the most significant issue for climate change allied research. This research aims to identify the long-term trend and change point detection of winter maximum (tmax), minimum (tmin) and average (tmean) temperature of six meteorological stations of North Bengal, India using 102 years’ time series data (1915–2016). To detect the monotonic trend and the rate of change, non-parametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator were used. Homogeneity of winter temperature was studied using Buishand’s range test (B test) and Pettit’s test (P test). From the results, it was observed that most of the stations were showed significant (P < 0.05) warming trend in winter season. The rate of increasing was highest at station English Bazar in the month of December. On the other hand, significant changed of winter tmax and tmean occurred in around 1959 and 1952 respectively, while for tmin it was quite late, occurred in the year 1988. The popul...
Spatio-temporal characterization of rainfall in Bangladesh: an innovative trend and discrete wavelet transformation approaches
The analysis of detailed characteristics of rainfall is of utmost importance for understanding wa... more The analysis of detailed characteristics of rainfall is of utmost importance for understanding water resources, irrigation, and agriculture. This study investigated detailed characteristics of rainfall of Bangladesh from 1966 to 2019. Rainfall features like the precipitation concentration index (PCI) and seasonality index (SI) were estimated to characterize spatial patterns of rainfall regimes, and innovative trend analysis (ITA) and percent bias (P BIAS ) were used to detect the trend, and its reliability was tested by using the Mann–Kendall (MK) or modified Mann–Kendall (mMK) test. The magnitude of changes was computed by using Sen’s slope estimator (Q), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was employed to find out the dominant periodicity of the trend of annual series. SI and PCI revealed that rainfall is mainly seasonal and markedly with the long dry season, and the distribution of rainfall is irregular for the major portion of Bangladesh. The result of ITA and P BIAS showed a s...
Groundwater depletion susceptibility zonation using TOPSIS model in Bhagirathi river basin, India
Groundwater depletion zonation is the utmost necessity for preparing the sustainable groundwater ... more Groundwater depletion zonation is the utmost necessity for preparing the sustainable groundwater management plan; thus, the present paper attempts to delineate groundwater depletion susceptibility zonation by bridging relevant physico-environmental factors in the Bhagirathi river basin (BRB). First, the groundwater status was assessed by detecting spatio-temporal trends in groundwater levels of 168 dug wells from 1996 to 2017 using innovative trend analysis (ITA) and classical Mann–Kendall (MK), or modified Mann–Kendall (mMK), and the magnitude of the slope was determined by Sen’s slope estimator. Subsequently, the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) model has been used for modeling the groundwater depletion zonation using nine influencing parameters. The hastily increasing trend of GWD (slope 28.69–86.70 cm/year) in the monsoon season specifies the depletion of shallow groundwater, and groundwater withdrawal exceeds the groundwater recharge. A...
Uploads
Papers by TAPASH MANDAL