Lato Pezo

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Papers by Lato Pezo

A comprehensive study of parameters correlated with honey health benefits

RSC Advances, 2021

One hundred honey samples of different floral origin (acacia, sunflower, meadow, and forest) coll... more

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Hydroxymethylfurfural content and colour parameters of cookies with defatted wheat germ

Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 2019

Defatted wheat germ was used to substitute wheat flour by 5–15% to produce cookies enriched with ... more Defatted wheat germ was used to substitute wheat flour by 5–15% to produce cookies enriched with protein, fat, sugar and minerals. The effects of different level of substitution of wheat flour by defatted wheat germ and dough moisture content (20–24%) on hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation in cookies were investigated. Colour parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were also measured, total colour difference (ΔE) and browning index (BI) were calculated and their correlations with HMF content were studied. The substitution of wheat flour by defatted wheat germ led to a higher HMF content compared to control cookies (P < 0.05). However, its formation was more strongly influenced by the dough moisture content than by the level of substitution. HMF content is positively correlated to the a* (r = 0.890; P < 0.01), b* (r = 0.605; P < 0.01) and BI (r = 0.710; P < 0.01) values, and negatively correlated to the L* (r = –0.624; P < 0.01). Results of the HMF formation and the correlation ...

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Osmotic drying of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) using sugar beet Molasses solutions

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2012

The aim of this study is optimisation of osmotic drying treatment of crucian carp (Carassius cara... more The aim of this study is optimisation of osmotic drying treatment of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) performed in sugar beet molasses solutions under atmospheric pressure, at constant solution temperature of 35°C. Statistical analysis was performed using StatSoft Statistica, for Windows, ver.10 program. Response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used for developing mathematical models describing the effects of the independent variables on the responses for dried fish samples. The independent variables were solution concentration (60, 70 and 80% w/w) and immersion times (1, 3 and 5h). Fuzzy synthetic evaluation was used to determine the optimum drying conditions. The optimum conditions appear to be treatment time of 5h and solution concentration of 80% w/w. The responses for the optimum drying conditions were found to be: dry matter content (DM) 62.59%, water loss (WL) 0.54g/g of initial sample weight, solid gain (SG) 0.10 of initial sample weight and water activity (a w ) of 0.86.

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Use of different statistical approaches in prediction of metabolizable energy of diets for broilers

Food & Feed Research, 2015

Energy value of diets has importance for feed producers and farmers. Methods for in vivo determin... more Energy value of diets has importance for feed producers and farmers. Methods for in vivo determination of metabolisable energy have high accuracy, but they are time and cost consuming. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enzymatic digestible organic matter and values of proximate chemical analysis on prediction of the nitrogen corrected true metabolisable energy (TME n) of diets for broilers. The performance of Artificial Neural Network was compared with the performance of first order polynomial model, as well as with experimental data in order to develop rapid and accurate method for prediction of TME n content. Analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey"s HSD test at 95% confidence limit have been calculated to show significant differences between different samples. Response Surface Method has been applied for evaluation of TME n. First order polynomial model showed high coefficients of determination (r 2 = 0.859). Artificial Neural Network model also showed high prediction accuracy (r 2 = 0.992). Principal Component Analysis was successfully used in prediction of TME n .

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Conductometric method for determining water stability and nutrient leaching of extruded fish feed

Acta Periodica Technologica, 2017

Water stability of eight samples of extruded salmon feeds was first determined by applying two gr... more Water stability of eight samples of extruded salmon feeds was first determined by applying two gravimetric methods developed by the authors: gravimetric static and wet sieving method. Then, the conductometric method, primarily developed for investigation of nutrient leaching of feed into the water by the authors, was used for each sample. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the conductometric measurement as a technique for determining water stability of extruded fish feed. In order to find any correlation between the results of two gravimetric tests and conductometric method, correlation analysis was employed. The results of static and wet sieving method were expressed as water stability index, which was expressed as the percent of remained dry matter of sample after being disintegrated in the water. The results of conductometric method were shown as conductivity curves for each sample, giving the insight in rate of nutrient leaching during the time. The obtained ...

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Natural additives in functional egg production

Food and Feed Research, 2019

Table eggs can play an important role as functional food, especially if specially designed mixtur... more Table eggs can play an important role as functional food, especially if specially designed mixtures enriched with ω-3 fatty acids, natural pigments and vitamins are used for their production. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inclusion of flax-corn meal co-extrudate (FCM) in combination with natural pigments in hens' diet on physical properties, yolk colour and fatty acid composition of eggs. One hundred and twenty Lohmann Brown laying hens were fed corn-soybean meal based diet with the addition of FCM at different levels: 0% (control C1 and C2), 13.50% experimental treatment (E1) and 22.50% experimental treatment (E2). The control treatment (C1) contained up to 3% fat, without added pigments while the control treatment (C2) contained up to 5% fat and synthetic pigments. Experimental treatments E1 and E2 (3% and 5% fat, respectively) had the same amount of natural pigments (1% carrot and 0.5% paprika). When compared with control eggs, no significant changes (p>0.05) in the egg quality characteristics were observed for E1 and E2 eggs. Desirable egg yolk colour of 12.78 RYCF (Roche Yolk Colour Fan scale) was achieved in the treatments E1 and E2. Eggs from hens fed FCM had significantly higher level (p<0.001) of α-linolenic (6.46% for E1 and 8.87% for E2), docosahexaenoic (2.01% for E1 and 2.08% for E2) and eicosapentaenoic (0.17% for E1 and 0.21% for E2) acids in comparison to eggs originated from hens fed control diets. The ω-6/ω-3 ratios of 1.43 and 1.01 in the treatments E1 and E2, respectively, were significantly lower (p<0.001) than ω-6/ω-3 ratios in the control treatments C1 and C2 (9.40 and 8.88, respectively). The content of tocopherol in eggs from the experimental treatments E1 and E2 were 6 and 8 times higher than in eggs from the control treatment C1 as well as 1.8 and 2.3 times higher than in eggs from the control treatment C2, respectively. By the addition of FCM and natural pigments in hens' diet, it is possible to produce functional egg with desirable colour and fatty acid composition.

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Application of soybean oil and glycerol in animal feed production, ANN model

Acta Periodica Technologica, 2019

In the past few decades the diet preparation in feed production has evolved towards more complica... more In the past few decades the diet preparation in feed production has evolved towards more complicated technological operations, which include different liquid addition. A wide scale of different liquids is used in contemporary animal feed production, from oils and glycerol to more expensive products in a liquid form, such as enzymes, flavourings, amino acids, vitamins and others. In the presented study the liquid addition in feed production was observed, with a specific goal to investigate the spraying systems in order to better understand the effects of fluids, such as soybean oil and glycerol, on feed production. The dispersion angles of spraying nozzle for glycerol and soybean oil were determined as an indicator of the uniform application of liquids during feed production. Dispersion of the material was accomplished using the two-fluid nozzle. The performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was compared with experimental data in order to develop rapid and accurate method for pr...

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Determination of essential and toxic elements in products of milling wheat

Hemijska Industrija, 2016

The bread wheat bran is used as a raw material rich in dietary fiber in the production. Therefore... more The bread wheat bran is used as a raw material rich in dietary fiber in the production. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the content of essential and toxic elements in the flour and bran. This paper investigates essential (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and toxic (Pb, Cd, Hg and As) elements in products of milling wheat grown in the whole territory of Banat, the region in Serbia. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for analysis. The mean contents of the following elements Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Fe, Mn and Zn in wheat kernels were 0.143, 0.007, 0.017, 35.7643, 50.865 and 21.174 mg/kg, respectively. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate and to group the different samples, according to element content. Quality results show that the first two principal components, accounting for 80.17% of the total variance, can be considered sufficient for data representation and the first two principal components of toxic elements and essential microelements. Cd (15.28%), Zn (17.91%), Cu (17.08), Fe (16.91%) and Mn (17.54%), have been found the most influential for the first factor coordinate calculation, while the contribution of Pb (27.93%) and Hg (61.86%) has been the most important variable for the second factor coordinate calculation.

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Osmotic treatment of nettle leaves - optimization of kinetics and antioxidant activity

Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design, 2015

The presented paper describes an investigation of nettle leaves kinetics during osmotic treatment... more The presented paper describes an investigation of nettle leaves kinetics during osmotic treatment in two different osmotic solutions (sugar beet molasses and ternary solution, was made from sucrose in quantity of 1,200 g/kg water, NaCl in quantity of 350 g/kg water and distilled water), at temperature of 20, 35 and 50 o C, during 90 min process. The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of type of different osmotic agents, process temperature and immersion time on the mass transfer phenomena during osmotic treatment, as well as the antioxidant activity. Water loss and solid gain were monitored. Antioxidant activity of osmotically treated nettle leaves was measured using a novel assay based on decrease of DC polarographic anodic current of hydroxo-perhydroxo mercury (II) complex [Hg(O 2 H)(OH)] (HPMC) formed in alkaline solution of H 2 O 2 at potential of mercury oxidation. In order to get an insight into agreement between HPMC assay and common spectrophotometric assay, DPPH (2.2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) analysis has been included in this study. Strict correlation between HPMC with commonly used DPPH assay was observed.

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The effect of osmotic treatment on antioxidant activity of celery root

Changes in antioxidant activity and phenolic content of celery leaves and root during osmotic treatment

Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design, 2015

Celery (Apium graveolens) is widely used as a medicinal herb or spice, with prominent antioxidant... more Celery (Apium graveolens) is widely used as a medicinal herb or spice, with prominent antioxidant properties, due to the presence of many bioactive components, mainly phenolic compounds. An understanding of changes in phenolic content and antioxidant activity occurring during preservation of celery is important to develop appropriate drying method and optimal conditions of drying. In this study, osmotic treatment of celery leaves and root was performed in two osmotic solutions (sugar beet molasses and aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sucrose, prepared using sucrose in the quantity of 1200 g/kg water, NaCl in the quantity of 350 g/kg water and distilled water), at three temperatures (20, 35 and 50 0C), and three different immersion periods (1, 3 and 5 h), under atmospheric pressure. The aim was to investigate the influence of used osmotic agent type, temperature and dehydration time on the water loss, solid gain, antioxidant activity expressed as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), while the total phenolic content was investigated by standard Folin– Ciocalteau method (FC). Results have been correlated using regression analysis and statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test at 95% confidence limit, statistically significant at p < 0.05 level, has been calculated to confirm statistically significant differences between complex samples. Accuracy of applied assays has been estimated based on coefficients of variation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) have been applied successfully to classify and discriminate the different samples, while Standard Score analysis (SS) was used in optimal process parameters determination. The statistically significant increase in FRAP and FC was noticed in celery leaves and root samples osmotically treated in sugar beet molasses solution, while FRAP and FC values were decreased for samples treated in sodium chloride and sucrose solution. The strong correlation between FRAP and FC assays was found. It was concluded that the optimum condition for osmotic treatment of celery leaves and root, from the aspect of antioxidant increase, were at temperature of 50 0C and treatment time of 5 hours, in sugar beet molasses as osmotic solution.

Extraction kinetics modeling of amaranth seed oil supercritical fluid extraction

Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture

Amaranth seeds contain oil with important nutritional properties, in particular, because of the p... more Amaranth seeds contain oil with important nutritional properties, in particular, because of the presence of essential fatty acids, high content of minerals, vitamins, lysine and squalene. In this study, the kinetics of the supercritical fluid extraction of oil from three amaranth seed varieties has been investigated. The average oil content in amaranth seed was 58.2 g/kg, ranging from 54.6 to 61.1 g/kg depends on varieties, while squalene content ranged from 3.3 to 3.8 g/kg with an average content of 3.5 g/kg dry seed. Five empirical kinetic equations were successfully applied for kinetic modeling of extraction. As indicated by the appropriate statistical "goodness of fit" tests (such as the sum of squared errors, the coefficient of determination and the average absolute relative deviation), empirical models show good agreement with experimental data. The mathematical modeling of a process is beneficial to predict the process conduct and furthermore extend the procedures f...

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Achillea clypeolata Sibth. & Sm. essential oil composition and QSRR model for predicting retention indices

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society

The aim of this study was the prediction model of retention indices of compounds from the abovegr... more The aim of this study was the prediction model of retention indices of compounds from the aboveground parts of Achillea clypeolata Sibth. & Sm. essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC?MS. The quantitative structure?retention relationship analysis was applied in order to anticipate the retention time of the obtained compounds. The selection of the seven molecular descriptors was done by a genetic algorithm. The chosen descriptors were uncorrelated and were used to construct an artificial neural network. A total of 40 experimentally obtained retention indices was used to build this prediction model. The coefficient of determination for the training, testing and validation cycles were: 0.950, 0.825 and 1.000, respectively, indicating that this model could be used for prediction of retention indices for A. clypeolata, essential oil compounds.

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Carotenoid-Producing Yeasts: Selection of the Best-Performing Strain and the Total Carotenoid Extraction Procedure

Processes

Yeasts are considered an extraordinary alternative source of natural carotenoids and pigmented te... more Yeasts are considered an extraordinary alternative source of natural carotenoids and pigmented terpenoids with multiple applications. Production of carotenoids by yeast fermentation technology has many benefits; it is cost-effective, easily scalable, and safe. The aim of this research is the isolation of yeasts from natural resources and selection of the most potent bioagent for carotenoid production. Additionally, an upgraded carotenoid extraction protocol we established, which implies the testing of four methods for cell lysis (hydrochloric acid treatment, ultrasound treatment, milling treatment, and osmotic pressure treatment), three extraction methods (conventional extraction, ultrasound extraction, and conventional + ultrasound extraction), and three extraction solvents (acetone, isopropanol/methanol (50:50), and ethanol). For the first time, the obtained results were further modeled by an artificial neural network (ANN). Based on the obtained maximal carotenoid yield (253.74 ±...

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Screening of Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils in Controlling Biocontamination of Historical Papers in Archives

Antibiotics

The main challenge in controlling the microbiological contamination of historical paper is findin... more The main challenge in controlling the microbiological contamination of historical paper is finding an adequate method that includes the use of cost-effective, harmless, and non-toxic biocides whose effectiveness is maintained over time and without adverse effects on cultural heritage and human health. Therefore, this study demonstrated the possibility of using a non-invasive method of historical paper conservation based on plant essential oils (EOs) application. Evaluation of antimicrobial effects of different EOs (lemongrass, oregano, rosemary, peppermint, and eucalyptus) was conducted against Cladosporium cladosporoides, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium chrysogenum, which are commonly found on archive papers. Using a mixture of oregano, lemongrass and peppermint in ratio 1:1:1, the lower minimal inhibition concentration (0.78%) and better efficiency during a vapour test at the highest tested distance (5.5 cm) compared with individual EOs was proven. At the final step, this E...

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Biological Profiling of Essential Oils and Hydrolates of Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese and var. Minimum Originated from Serbia

Processes

The genus Ocimum has many species that are used to treat diverse kinds of illnesses and sicknesse... more The genus Ocimum has many species that are used to treat diverse kinds of illnesses and sicknesses from ancient times. One of them, Ocimum basilicum L., commonly known as basil, has a vital role due to its various medicinal goods. It is best known as a plant with pharmacological activities, but also as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and larvicidal agent. Although it has been traditionally used in Serbia in traditional medicine for centuries as an insecticidal, antibacterial, and antifungal plant as well as a traditional culinary plant, none of the O. basilicum varieties have been commercialised until today. There are significant numbers of information across the world that oils and by-products are part of the global market, but no references to the essential oil composition of Serbian plants were found. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of essential oil and hydrolate of two different varieties: O. basilicum var. genove...

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Formation of Predictive-Based Models for Monitoring the Microbiological Quality of Beef Meat Processed for Fast-Food Restaurants

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Consumption of raw or undercooked meat is responsible for 2.3 million foodborne illnesses yearly ... more Consumption of raw or undercooked meat is responsible for 2.3 million foodborne illnesses yearly in Europe alone. The greater part of this illness is associated with beef meat, which is used in many traditional dishes across the world. Beneath the low microbiological quality of beef lies (pathogenic) bacterial contamination during primary production as well as inadequate hygiene operations along the farm-to-fork chain. Therefore, this study seeks to understand the microbiological quality pathway of minced beef processed for fast-food restaurants over three years using an artificial neural network (ANN) system. This simultaneous approach provided adequate precision for the prediction of a microbiological profile of minced beef meat as one of the easily spoiled products with a short shelf life. For the first time, an ANN model was developed to predict the microbiological profile of beef minced meat in fast-food restaurants according to meat and storage temperatures, butcher identifica...

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Variability in Biological Activities of Satureja montana Subsp. montana and Subsp. variegata Based on Different Extraction Methods

Antibiotics

Winter savory (Satureja montana L.) is a well-known spice and medicinal plant with a wide range o... more Winter savory (Satureja montana L.) is a well-known spice and medicinal plant with a wide range of activities and applications. Two subspecies of S. montana, subsp. montana and subsp. variegata, were used for the preparation of seven different extracts: steam distillation (essential oil (EO) and hydrolate (HY)), subcritical water (SWE), ultrasound-assisted (UAE-MeOH and UAE-H2O), and microwave-assisted (MAE-MeOH and MAE-H2O) extraction. The obtained EOs, HYs, and extracts were used for an in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and superoxide anion methods) and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial screening was conducted using disk-diffusion assessment, minimal inhibitory concentration, time–kill kinetics modeling, and pharmacodynamic study of the biocide effect. The total ph...

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Biological Potential of Alternative Kombucha Beverages Fermented on Essential Oil Distillation By-Products

Fermentation

The complete waste streams (solid waste residue, wastewater, and hydrolate) from the essential oi... more The complete waste streams (solid waste residue, wastewater, and hydrolate) from the essential oil production of basil, chamomile, lavender, rosemary, and hyssop plants were used as a cultivation media for fermentations of a health-beneficial beverage called kombucha. Considering that these waste streams have not been used as a medium for obtaining kombucha, the main focus of this study was on the biological profiling and sensory analysis of newly-obtained kombucha beverages. According to fermentation parameters and advanced mathematical modelling, it can be concluded that kombucha made from chamomile essential oil by-products achieved the fastest successful kombucha fermentation, with a maximal titratable acidity of 7.2 g/L and a minimal pH value of 2.8. The results of other kombucha fermentations varied between the chosen plant and the waste stream used for beverage production. The obtained phenol and flavonoid contents were in the range of 12.4–56.46 mg GA/100 mL and 0.25–5.07 mg...

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The Effects of Winter Cover Crops on Maize Yield and Crop Performance in Semiarid Conditions—Artificial Neural Network Approach

Agronomy

Maize is the most widespread and, along with wheat, the most important staple crop in the Republi... more Maize is the most widespread and, along with wheat, the most important staple crop in the Republic of Serbia, which is of great significance for ensuring national food security. With the increasing demand for food and forage, intensive agricultural practices have been adopted in the maize production systems. In this direction, considerable research efforts have been made to examine the effects of different types of cover crops as a green manure on maize productivity; however, no consistent conclusions have been reached so far. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the possibility of predicting the effects of winter cover crops (CC) integrated with different management practices on the morphological traits, yield, and yield components of maize. The experiment was carried out on chernozem soil from 2016 to 2020 as a randomized complete block design arranged as a split-split-plot with three replicates. The pea as a sole crop (P) and the mixture of pea and tritical...

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