Ravindra Lad

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Accidental Black Spot Analysis by Fuzzy Approach: A Review

Social Science Research Network, 2021

Retrofication and Modernization Techniques for an Improvement in Air Pollution Control System of an Existing Boiler

This study paper presents the findings of study carried out on evaluation of Adequacy &Efficiency... more This study paper presents the findings of study carried out on evaluation of Adequacy &Efficiency of existing Boiler System and an improvement in it by modernization & retrofication techniques required to upgrade its efficiency. Due to serious concern over Air Pollution issues, statutory authorities have become more stringent and compelling the industries to run pollution control system more efficiently. Moreover, the industries are facing numerous problems of public outrage, legal proceedings and costly inefficient operations. In this study paper Boiler Efficiency as well as Adequacy & Efficiency of Air Pollution Control System is evaluated and set of recommendations are made to improve the overall efficiency of Boiler System. This retrofications & modernization will not only improve the performance of industry, but will also lead to monetary benefits.

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Fuzzy Logic and its Developmental Advances: A Review

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

To date, a lot of research has been done on definition, assumptions, foundation growth, and vario... more To date, a lot of research has been done on definition, assumptions, foundation growth, and various theories relevant to the concept of "Fuzzy Logic." Various implementations of the same have been tried and tested in all fields of science, as well as in other fields. The purpose of this paper is to present a condensed version for the developmental approach, journey of Fuzzy logic as a philosophy, as well as all advancements recorded since Lotfi A Zadeh proposed the theory in 1965. “Conventional computer logic couldn't manipulate data that represented subjective or vague ideas, so he created fuzzy logic to allow computers to determine the distinctions among data with shades of grey, similar to the process of human reasoning,” he said when introducing his concept of fuzzy logic.

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Environmental Engineering - I

A Fuzzy Rule Based Approach for Cost Potential in Construction of Building

This paper describes a model to get degree of uncertainty in cost overruns on construction projec... more This paper describes a model to get degree of uncertainty in cost overruns on construction projects. The output of the model is useful in assessing the amount of possible risk on a project and the likelihood of making a profit on the job. The model is intended for use by Construction Company. This research uses fuzzy logic to model the relationships between the characteristics of a project and the potential risk events that may occur, and the associated cost overruns caused by combinations of the project characteristics and risk events. This paper discusses the topic of scope creep and scope definition, which are significant causes of cost overruns in construction industry; identifies the project characteristics and risk events used in the model; explains the structure of the model and the use of fuzzy rule based system; and provides recommendations for future research. Keywords— Construction, FRBS, Cost control, Cost Potential, Fuzzy sets, Project management, Decision making.

Pavement Performance Index for Ratıng of Flexıble Pavements

In this paper author has made an attempt to develop a Pavement Performance Index (PPI) for a rati... more In this paper author has made an attempt to develop a Pavement Performance Index (PPI) for a rating of flexible pavements. For the development of the PPI model, normalized method of fuzzy multiple criteria decision making method has been used. Total sixteen parameters have been considered as structural and functional indicators. Expert’s opinion was taken from the field of transportation engineering in the form of linguistic terms. These terms were then converted into fuzzy numbers and a model has been developed to determine pavement performance index. The evaluation of the model has been shown in the paper by illustrative example, in which three segments of roads were considered and the values for all indicators were assumed. By converting these values into fuzzy number PPI of the three segments of the road was evaluated and rating of roads was done. From this research work, it has been concluded that this method can be used for the evaluation of pavement performance and their rating.

Ambient Air Quality Assessment Studies in India: A Review

Various researchers have worked on the persistent and aggravating problem of air pollution all ov... more Various researchers have worked on the persistent and aggravating problem of air pollution all over the world and especially in developing countries like India. It is a matter of great concern for authorities and environmentalists to seek a balance between progressive technologies and environmental well being. It is seen through outcomes of these researches that air quality is directly affected by a multiple parameter, commonly identified as rapid industrialization, commercialization, transportation and other domestic activities. It is seen that the air quality deterioration is predominantly seen in urban areas of country mainly due to vehicular emissions and in rural areas due to use of domestic fuels like burning of wood, biogas, etc. Over the years commonly identified pollutants are SO2, NOx, PM2.5, PM10.various analysis and assessment techniques using these pollutants include majorly AQI and API using standard permissible values and ranges prescribed as per NAAQS (National Ambie...

Rating and Condition Assessment of Flexible Pavements for Maintenance Decision

Upgrading Conventional Sewage Treatment Process by Using Mangifera Indica

International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, 2015

Evaluation of Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Groundwater Recharge and locating Artificial Recharge Structures for Watershed in Upper Bhima Basin, Pune, India

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2021

Water scarcity is now a global issue and to tackle the same at the regional level is of utmost im... more Water scarcity is now a global issue and to tackle the same at the regional level is of utmost importance. While handling the issue of water scarcity at the regional level, it is necessary to identify the probable causes of water scarcity. This study is aimed at studying the dynamics of groundwater recharge due to change in water levels. In this study, firstly spatial distribution is studied from the water level fluctuation field data for the pre and post monsoon period during 2017. Secondly, the temporal distribution of groundwater recharge is determined from the data of Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency’s key observation wells, for the period from 1996 to 2018. From the evaluation of groundwater recharge dynamics, a map for groundwater recharge is generated, using Geoinformatics through spatial analysis. Based on groundwater recharge dynamics, an artificial recharge zone map is generated. The result indicates falling trends in groundwater during summers and also a similar tendency in average levels of groundwater, which is caused due to the tremendous use of unsustainable groundwater. The findings also indicate the continuous withdrawal of groundwater for agricultural and other purposes, the decreasing trend in rainfall, slope, Geology, changes in land use are attributed to the continuous declining trend of groundwater recharge and subsequently groundwater level, as the situation will be irreversible if necessary steps for artificial recharge activities are not taken immediately. Hence, artificial recharge structures are suggested for tackling the critical issue of water scarcity.

A fuzzy MCDM framework for the environmental pollution potential of industries focusing on air pollution

Air Pollution XVI, 2008

The industrial policies of developing countries mainly focusing on the pursuit of economic growth... more The industrial policies of developing countries mainly focusing on the pursuit of economic growth with inadequate importance given to environmental pollution issues has resulted in rapid degradation of the natural environment. As the ambience has a dilution limit, industries that have been emitting air pollutants within the permissible pollution norms also contribute their share towards overall environmental degradation. Expressing permissible limits of pollution parameters on the dichotomous scale (Yes/No) needs a paradigm shift from crisp (Permissible OR Not Permissible) to fuzzy values (Permissible AND Not Permissible). A fresh look at the pollution control strategies is, therefore, necessary. An attempt has been made to address this problem and a new formalism of integrated effects of air pollutants is proposed for industries based on their air emissions. Vagueness in the perception of environmental experts for evaluating the techno-scientific parameters in linguistic terms for specific usage, coupled with imprecision in parametric data calls for the application of fuzzy modelling. In this study, importance is given to each air pollutant and a composite index is developed, which can reflect the air pollution potential of an industry. The study also reflects a case study of stringent environmental standards reflecting the rise in the pollution potential of industries. This can be linked to policy framing based on the principle of the polluter paying to control the pollution levels in the environment. The case study relates to the application of Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) for ranking the industries located in the State of Gujarat, India. The feasibility of the approach for ranking industries based on their air pollution potential is also discussed.

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Performance Assessment of Flexible Pavements: Fuzzy Evidence Theory Approach

Civil Engineering Journal, 2020

Pavement performance evaluation is one of the most important steps of the pavement management sys... more Pavement performance evaluation is one of the most important steps of the pavement management system. It consists of identifying pavement condition according to various distresses occurs in the pavement surface. Data collection in performance assessment of road is done in several ways. An attempt has been made to address the problem and a new formalism is proposed for performance assessment of flexible pavements. Vagueness in the perception of expert for performance assessment of pavement based on techno-scientific parameters in linguistic terms for the domain base usage coupled with impression in parametric data calls for the application of fuzzy modeling. For this study fuzzy evidence theory weightage method “Dempster’s Shafer’s (D-S)” is applied to determine the Pavement Condition Distress Index (PCDI) of flexible pavement. D-S theory provides a designed framework to overcome the risk of uncertainty and ignorance. For the assessment of pavements five major structural indicators l...

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Study of Pavement Performance Indicators: RII Approach

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2018

Vascular Bundle of Wasted Leaf Stalk of Coconut Tree as a Natural Coagulant to Treat Sewage Water

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016

Water crises force to think about minimization of waste water generation as well as recycling wat... more

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A fuzzy rule based system for an environmental acceptability of Sewage Treatment Plant

KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2017

An involvement of human awareness in the process of decision making implies great complexity in a... more An involvement of human awareness in the process of decision making implies great complexity in acceptability of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) on the basis of environmental quality of receiving water bodies. Social environment, physical surrounding and economic constraints have an effect over complex human perception. An importance of pollution parameters in determining an acceptability of STP has a major bearing on the human decisions. Both the decision processes are complex with higher degree of subjectivity involved and therefore call for the analytical computing tools which can imitate the behaviour and bring the results close to the reality. A treated sewage from STPs isgenerally disposed in water bodies without considering Environmental Quality, which promotes degradation of quality of water bodies. An attempt has been made to formulate Fuzzy Rule Based System (FRBS) for an environmental acceptability of STPs, based on their water pollution potential and Environmental Quality of water body. An Environmental acceptability with degree of certainty of these STP has calculated to justify the quality of treated sewage as one value by considering all parameters. A case study of Sewage Treatment Plants which are located in the vicinity of Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India is also incorporated in this study.

A Treament of Domestic Sewage and Generation of Bio Sludge Using Natural Coagulants

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2015

The waste generated from various human activities promotes an environmental degradation. Sewage a... more The waste generated from various human activities promotes an environmental degradation. Sewage a waste produced through human is a source of water pollution. An improper handling of sewage and waste generated from societies pollutes fresh water bodies. In Indian conditions, conventional treatments like Activated Sludge Process, Oxidation Ponds, Aerated lagoons, and Trickling filters are the most suitable treatment process to treat sewage generated in urban areas. While the land required to setting conventional treatment plant along with energy and time required is more which increases overall cost of the treatment process. To upgrade conventional treatment process and reduce cost of treatment, uses of natural coagulants are best alternative. The study is carried out to check efficiency of combinations of natural coagulants in different preparations, to treat sewage. Natural coagulants extracted from seeds of Acacia Nilotica [Babul] and Mangifera Indica [Mango] are used with different combinations to treat sewage. After laboratory analysis of treated water through primary treatment process shows around 45% and 56 % of BOD and TSS removal respectively which is more than primary settling tank of conventional treatment process. Which will increases efficiency of primary treatment and reduces organic loading over secondary treatment. Due this the size of secondary unit can be reduced so area of land required to set plant can also be reduced. Use of natural coagulants will minimize time and energy required for aeration. Also sludge generated through primary treatment process will effectively used as soil stabilizer after proper composting. This study aims to reduce overall cost of sewage treatment along with recovery of plant nutrients as compost.

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Sewage Water Quality Index of Sewage Treatment Plant Using Fuzzy MCDM Approach

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

Sewage produced from the human activity leads to pollute an environment. A tremendous environment... more Sewage produced from the human activity leads to pollute an environment. A tremendous environmental degradation because of less focus on pollution due to sewage. Therefore, it is required to revise pollution control strategies. This problem is taken into consideration and a feasible method is proposed for ranking of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) based on their environmental pollution potential. The sensitivity analysis is also includes in this study to see variation in the pollution potential of STPs. This analysis can be used for making policy of paying tax on the basis of pollution potential to control the pollution. The framed method explained in the paper using Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) for ranking the STPs is one of the important methods in decision problems. The case study is also incorporated which relates to three Sewage Treatment Plants located in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Fuzzy modeling for environmental pollution potential ranking of industries

Environmental Progress, 2008

Urbanization and industrialization with minimal focus on environmental pollution has resulted in ... more Urbanization and industrialization with minimal focus on environmental pollution has resulted in rapid degradation of natural environment demanding a fresh look at the pollution control strategies. An attempt has been made to address the problem, and a viable procedure for ranking of industries based on their environmental pollution potential has been proposed. Vagueness in the perception of environmental experts for ranking the techno-scientific parameters in linguistic terms for the specific usage coupled with imprecision in parametric data calls for the application of fuzzy modeling in this study. The formalized approach detailed in this article using fuzzy multicriteria decision making for ranking the industries is one of the important techniques in decision research. The case study discussed in this article relates to three dying and printing textile industries located in Surat, in the State of Gujarat, India. The feasibility of the proposed approach for ranking of the industries has been discussed. The approach detailed in this sequel might be considered as a small step in the formulation of appropriate environmental pollution control strategies. A commentary on pollution tax, stringent emission standards, and its effect on the ranking of industries with further research needs form an integral part of the article.

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Fuzzy MCDM approach for addressing composite index of water and air pollution potential of industries

aicit.org

Page 1. Fuzzy MCDM approach for addressing composite index of water and air pollution potential o... more

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