Papers by Karnik Tarverdi
A literature and practice review to develop archetypes of upstream packaging strategies for a circular economy
Resources, conservation & recycling advances, May 1, 2024
An appraisal of the mechanical, microstructural, and thermal characteristics of concrete containing waste PET as coarse aggregate
Cleaner Waste Systems, 2022
The Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing Incorporating The Centre for Phosphors and Displays Presented by Dr. K Tarverdi
Established in 1987, the Wolfson Centre has been a focus for materials research in Brunel Univers... more Established in 1987, the Wolfson Centre has been a focus for materials research in Brunel University. Since its inception, the research in the Centre has been based on the development of extrusion and injection-moulding technologies relating to polymer compound formulation, process-induced structuring, nano-composite processing and the processing of metals, ceramics, soft solids and natural materials. The 'Centre for Phosphors and Display Materials' is a division of the Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing at Brunel University in Uxbridge, West London (only 10 minutes by taxi from London's Heathrow International Airport). It moved into a suit of new and fully re-furbished laboratories in January 2006. The centre was formed 38 years ago and has been continuously researching luminescent materials for this time. We maintain good liaisons with our past researchers and have a network of visiting professors who strengthen and support our expertise. We are a coherent research driven team carrying out novel research into luminescent materials with a particular interest in the displays and lighting industrial sectors. Dr Karnik Tarverdi is Director of Extrusion Technology
Recycling of Polymer-Matrix Composites
Concise Encyclopedia of Composite Materials, 1994
Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2011
Composites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/wheat starch and PLA/wheat starch/methyldiphenyldiisocyana... more Composites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/wheat starch and PLA/wheat starch/methyldiphenyldiisocyanate, were prepared and characterised in this study. The effects of incorporating different coupling agents on the physical properties and morphology of the composites were studied. Extrusion technology and injection moulding techniques were used to prepare standard tensile and impact test pieces. Tensometry was used to investigate the tensile properties of the composites and impact testing using falling weight technique was used to investigate impact strength. To investigate the thermal behaviour of the composites, differential scanning calorimetry was employed. Water absorption properties of the composites were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the composites. Starch can be incorporated in a PLA matrix at 10% level without difficulty in processing by extrusion followed by injection moulding to make shaped mouldings in the presence of MDI. With 10% wheat starch and 2% MDI, blends of wheat starch/PLA can reach the tensile strength, elongation, impact strength properties of raw PLA. In the presence of 2% MDI and 10% glycerol, blends of PLA and starch make an entirely flexible material.
ANTEC® 2020: The Virtual Edition, 2020
The effects of the use of biomaterials for the development of novel packaging composites have bee... more The effects of the use of biomaterials for the development of novel packaging composites have been evaluated. An increase in the amount of treated fillers improved the dispersion of the particles and consequently led to an enhancement of the mechanical properties of the materials. The composites were melt-blended using corotating intermeshing twin screw extrusion technology and although there can be degradation of the organic additives during extrusion processing, it did not affect the dispersion of the novel biocomposites and the biofillers. A range of techniques used to characterise these materials will be discussed, including morphology, differential scanning calorimetry, (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including experimental techniques like mechanical property evaluations.
Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites, 2010
In this chapter we will explore the possibilities and viability of commercially recycling and reu... more In this chapter we will explore the possibilities and viability of commercially recycling and reusing of composites and mixed polymer based waste that is difficult and expensive to separate into individual generic polymers for subsequent recycling. The chapter will also attempt to cover legislations that hinder and drive this technology and give sources of information for further examples of polymer recycling in action.
Report 88: Plasticizers—Selection, applications and implications
Materials & Design, 1996
The use of recycled and waste materials in selected automotive applications
Innovate U
Formulation and processing of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994
The anionic polymerisation of c-caprolactam in a corotating, intermeshing twin-screw extruder is ... more The anionic polymerisation of c-caprolactam in a corotating, intermeshing twin-screw extruder is discussed in terms of the materials formulation, extruder screw profile, and processing parameters such as temperature and screw speed. Using a variety of analytical characterization techniques, it is demonstrated that molecular mass, residual monomer content, and mechanical properties of the polyamide 6 are very sensitive to the reactive processing conditions employed.
PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusi... more PHBV/talc composites at concentrations of 100/0, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 were prepared by extrusion compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of talcum powder on crystallinity, thermal and thermomechanical, mechanical and morphological properties of PHBV/talc composites were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA, SEM, DMA, and mechanical testing. It was found that talc can change the sluggish crystallinity of PHBV. The talc enhanced the nucleation of the PHBV in the composites which lead to a faster crystallization rate. The heat distortion temperature, crystallinity, and the modulus of PHBV/talc composite also increased. The HDT value of the talc-filled PHBV is significantly higher than the pure PHBV, The HDT value of PHBV increases from 129.87°C to 145.48°C with adding the 20% weight fraction of talc. The DMA result revealed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with an increase in the content of talc. The change in storage modulus demonstrated the reinforcing e...
Biopolymer composites reinforced with fractioned wheat straw
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011
The microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites containing flax and whea... more The microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites containing flax and wheat straw fibres are discussed. Particular emphasis has been given to determining the nature and consequences of fibre damage induced during melt-processing operations, fibre orientation occurring in mouldings, and possible interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibres. Compared to unfilled polypropylene, addition of flax and wheat straw caused a significant increase in tensile modulus, particularly, in the case of flax fibres which also gave higher tensile yield strength and Charpy toughness, despite a lack of interfacial bonding. Tensile strength was increased further through inclusion of 5% by weight of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, which was shown to promote adhesion between fibres and matrix.
Polymer Composites, 2015
In this study, novel composite materials of polypropylene (PP) with asphaltenes taken from Arab h... more In this study, novel composite materials of polypropylene (PP) with asphaltenes taken from Arab heavy atmospheric residue were prepared and characterized. Composites with various relative amounts of asphaltenes to PP were formed using the melt-mixing technique. The chemical structure, crystalline form, and morphology of these materials were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Their thermal properties were measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), their thermal degradation characteristics with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the mechanical properties using an Instron dynamometer. It was found that the crystalline and chemical structure of PP is not affected by the presence of asphaltenes, whereas the thermal stability, crystallinity, and tensile mechanical properties are enhanced with the amount of asphaltenes. Particularly, the addition of 5 wt% asphaltenes could improve tensile strength and the Elastic modulus by almost 10%. Better dispersion is achieved at relative low percentages of asphaltenes. It was found that the optimum amount of asphaltenes to result in composites with good dispersion, enhanced thermal stability, tensile strength, and relative crystallinity was 5 wt%. Most of these properties seem to deteriorate when the amount of asphaltenes added is high (i.e. 10 to 15%). Therefore, a new use of a by-product of the petroleum refinery industry is proposed resulting in improved properties of a commodity polymer.
Quaternary International, 2012
The use of organoclay in polymers is expected to increase annually by about 5 percent. This paper... more The use of organoclay in polymers is expected to increase annually by about 5 percent. This paper describes melt blending techniques using PET nanocomposites containing commercially available organoclays with different percentage of surfactant coatings. This paper will also evaluate the morphology and mechanical properties of the composites using a range of techniques like, scanning electron microscopy, melt rheology and thermal analysis. Comparisons will be made between properties of amorphous and semi crystalline films in terms of surfactant used and material properties. It will be demonstrated that the quantity of surfactant used with the organoclays can significantly affect dispersion and properties of composites produced.
Raman Scattering from Industrially Processed Plastic Pipes
... 1. Robert Withnall, Ali Ahmadnia, Amir Khamsehnezhad, Jack Silver, Peter Allan and Karnik Tar... more ... 1. Robert Withnall, Ali Ahmadnia, Amir Khamsehnezhad, Jack Silver, Peter Allan and Karnik Tarverdi, Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene Compound for Pipes Extruded under the Influence of Ultrasound, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on ...
Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2005
The present paper discusses investigations into the manufacture, testing and application of a hig... more The present paper discusses investigations into the manufacture, testing and application of a highly flexible structure incorporating innovative joints linked together to form a sheet that can be conformed around complex three-dimensional shapes which can be easily 'switched' from a flexible state to a highly stable/rigid one and a process which can be reversed. In the present study, consideration will be given to preparation, characterisation and properties of the manufactured modules. A range of techniques used to characterise these materials will be discussed, including compressive strength, impact and recovery measurements.
Waste Management, 2014
Los plásticos de un solo uso están generando problemas de contaminación a nivel mundial, desde ha... more Los plásticos de un solo uso están generando problemas de contaminación a nivel mundial, desde hace algunos años los gobiernos de diferentes países han venido implementando políticas que permitan su regulación, en Colombia hay un proyecto de ley que busca la reducción de la producción y del consumo de ciertos productos fabricados a partir de estos tipos de plásticos. Con el fin de identificar los posibles impactos que esta ley pudiera llegar a tener se desarrollaron las siguientes actividades; se realizó una revisión de las principales características de los plásticos y de sus sustitutos más usados, encontrando que el impacto ambiental más significativo generado por el plástico es en la etapa final de su vida útil cuando no es reciclado, y por el contrario es desechado en fuentes hídricas o dispuesto en rellenos sanitarios. También se encontró que el papel como sustituto del plástico es más contaminante y genera mayores impactos en todo su ciclo de vida, posteriormente se hizo una revisión sobre los plásticos biodegradables como sustitutos amigables con el medio ambiente. Finalmente se realizó una revisión de los países que ya cuentan con legislación que regule o prohíba los plásticos de un solo uso encontrando que al momento ninguno tiene una legislación que abarque similares productos al proyecto de ley en Colombia. La mayoría de las políticas a nivel mundial se enfocan en bolsas plásticas y productos de polipropileno expandido. Palabras clave: Plásticos de un solo uso, plástico, bolsas de plástico, bolsas de papel, bioplástico.
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Papers by Karnik Tarverdi