Jyothi Digge

A number of automated shot-change detection methods for indexing a video sequence to facilitate b... more A number of automated shot-change detection methods for indexing a video sequence to facilitate browsing and retrieval have been proposed in recent years. This paper emphasizes on the simulation of video shot boundary detection using one of the methods of the color histogram wherein scaling of the histogram metrics is an added feature. The difference between the histograms of two consecutive frames is evaluated resulting in the metrics. Further scaling of the metrics is performed to avoid ambiguity and to enable the choice of apt threshold for any type of videos which involves minor error due to flashlight, camera motion, etc. Two sample videos are used here with resolution of 352 X 240 pixels using color histogram approach in the uncompressed media. An attempt is made for the retrieval of color video. The simulation is performed for the abrupt change in video which yields 90% recall and precision value.

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True Time Delay Line for Antenna Beam Forming

This paper presents the different types of True Time delay lines used for antenna beam forming ti... more This paper presents the different types of True Time delay lines used for antenna beam forming till date. Low loss capabilities of photonics are used for controlling the properties of microwave and millimeter waves, which are used in sensory networks, wireless access networks, radar and satellite networks. Hence we present the different types of True Time Delay(TTD) lines such as Photonic crystal fiber(PCF) delay line, Silicon chip delay line, Polymer optical switch, Waveguide delay lines and Wavelength division multiplexing for antenna beam forming.

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Photonic Crystal based Arrayed Waveguide Grating demultiplexer for Optical Network

A novel design of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) Demultiplexer on 2D photonic crystal is propose... more A novel design of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) Demultiplexer on 2D photonic crystal is proposed. This device offers 200GHz channel separation and -32dB theoretical Cross talk.Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) is used for evaluating the device at 1550nm.The performance of the device is evaluated interms of device length, Optical efficiency and channel spacing.The novel device presented here can be used as Optical Cross Connect (OCC), True Time Delay line (TTD) and Multiplexer.

Improvement in Storage System by Battery-Supercapacitor Combination in Electric Vehicles

The paper is basically a review of development of power unit for electrical transportation vehicl... more The paper is basically a review of development of power unit for electrical transportation vehicle. This paper critically analyses the challenges which can be faced in EV’s effective and efficient power unit. It also throws light on application of supercapacitor application as power buffer in electrical vehicles. It also describes design and control requirements of supercapacitor power buffer. Two cases for simulation are presented where supercapacitor and battery are connected in shunt as well as trough power converter for optimum utilization of supercapacitor. Finally, simulation results are presented and analysed.

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Design and analysis of PCF based Arrayed Waveguide Grating Demux for optical network

International Conference on Next Generation Networks, 2010

ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a AWG Demux which uses highly dispersive PCF instead of array o... more ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a AWG Demux which uses highly dispersive PCF instead of array of waveguides as in the conventional AWG. The PCF used here offers a chromatic dispersion value of about −4200 ps/nm/km around 1.55 µm wavelength region and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 40 nm. A dual concentric core PCF is used wherein, the structure with central and outer doped cores behaves like a directional coupler. Modal field redistribution between the cores causes the effective refractive index to change rapidly with wavelength thus enabling the separation of wavelength.

Photonic crystal devices for optical networks

2012 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), 2012

ABSTRACT In this paper, we carry out the study of two-dimensional photonic-crystal based devices.... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we carry out the study of two-dimensional photonic-crystal based devices. The devices discussed here include simple waveguide arrays, bent waveguide, “Y” branch and parallel waveguides. The coupling properties of the parallel waveguides are investigated using coupled mode theory. One straightforward application of such analysis is the coupling of power launched into the channel to the side waveguides. As a result, the appropriate design of Photonic crystal waveguide arrays (PCWA) may permit the realization of efficient, compact and novel waveguides.

based 1x4 Power Splitters for Optical Network

In this paper 1x4 fixed and flexible power splitters using multicore photonic crystal fiber(PCF)a... more In this paper 1x4 fixed and flexible power splitters using multicore photonic crystal fiber(PCF)and photonic crystal waveguide array(PCWA) is proposed.Multicore PCF power splitter comprises of four identical cores surrounding the central core (Fixed power splitter).The central core is surrounded by non identical cores(Flexible power splitter).The optical power launched into the central core is equally divided into four neighbouring cores with 25% coupling ratio(Fixed power splitter).An unequal distribution of power is observed when the diameters of the cores surrounding the central core are varied. The PCWA power splitter comprises of a rectangular array of dielectric rods in air. This array is integrated with multimode interference coupler (MMI).Fixed and flexible power splitting ratio is obtained by varying the diameter of the rods. The PCWA power splitters are compact(14m) as compared to the PCF power splitters (57m).These novel structures are investigated using Finite Difference...

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Enhancement of Quality of Service of MIMO-OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmiss... more Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmission in wide band wireless system for achieving high downlink capabilities in a future cellular system. This paper demonstrate, how to improve the capacity of the system and transmission quality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) along with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) used with adaptive modulation can effectively eliminate fading in wireless channels. To minimize the overall transmit power, greedy algorithm approach was proposed for the optimal bit and power allocation strategy, the performance of adaptive bit and power allocation MIMO-OFDM system based on greedy algorithm is completely studied and the performance comparison among greedy algorithm, chow algorithm and average algorithm is represented. The analysis and the simulation are considered in two stages. First stage involves single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM system. This is compared with the performance of...

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Performance Analysis of Variable Optical Attenuator on Different Materials

2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2021

In this paper Ridge, S-bend waveguide design and analysis has been performed for C-band using var... more In this paper Ridge, S-bend waveguide design and analysis has been performed for C-band using various materials like Silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>), Silicon Nitride (Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>), Barium Fluoride (BaF<inf>2</inf>) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>). We have performed a comparative study and identified Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> as the most suitable material for silicon photonics platform based on lower insertion and propagation losses. Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> based ridge waveguide reduces insertion loss to 5.68dB and propagation loss to less than 1dB/cm. These designed waveguides will be used in variable optical attenuator. Here in this paper, we also propose a variable optical attenuator based on the configurations of a Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> -BaF<inf>2</inf> and TiO<inf>2</inf>-Si<inf>3</inf>...

Survey on Silicon Photonics

Silicon Photonics is a relatively new field with the goal of developing silicon based optical dev... more Silicon Photonics is a relatively new field with the goal of developing silicon based optical devices. This approach appears to be very enticing due to multiple reasons including the large established silicon fabrication infrastructure and the relatively low cost and high abundance of this material [1]. The future of IC industry depends upon the speed and bandwidth requirements, but in metallic interconnections we have constraints on speed as well as bandwidth. This paper reviews the growth of silicon photonics compared to last few years and a promising future of photonics. In 2008 Intel declared that the data transfer rate can be increased further up to 1Tbps (bits per second). Researches at Intel developed Silicon based lasers like Hybrid silicon laser in Sept2009, modulators with 40Gbps(2007), multiplexer, demultiplexer, Basic light routing components like waveguides, couplers, light detectors like avalanche photodetector (2008). Intel have successfully demonstrated the complete ...

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Enhancement of Quality of Service of MIMO-OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmiss... more Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmission in wide band wireless system for achieving high downlink capabilities in a future cellular system. This paper demonstrate, how to improve the capacity of the system and transmission quality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) along with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) used with adaptive modulation can effectively eliminate fading in wireless channels. To minimize the overall transmit power, greedy algorithm approach was proposed for the optimal bit and power allocation strategy, the performance of adaptive bit and power allocation MIMO-OFDM system based on greedy algorithm is completely studied and the performance comparison among greedy algorithm, chow algorithm and average algorithm is represented. The analysis and the simulation are considered in two stages. First stage involves single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM system. This is compared with the performance of...

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Free Space Optics for 5G and Beyond

2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2021

For developing countries it is essential to have cost effective, large band width, high data rate... more For developing countries it is essential to have cost effective, large band width, high data rate network. This can be achieved by Optical wireless channel or free space optics (FSO), which is a new technology in an optical communication system. The proposed network offers almost zero-bit error rate (BER) or error free transmission up to 1.5 Km for a transmitter power of 35 dBm, data rate up to 10Gbps at 1550nm, under clear sky condition. Further, this FSO link is analyzed for natural impairments such as rain, haze and fog. The minimum received power is up to −35dBm, which is received by Ge-PIN-Photo-detector-using NRZ coding. Network is simulated for Rayleigh fading channel.

Photonic Crystal Fiber and Photonic Crystal Waveguide based Demultiplexers for Optical Network

designs of demultiplexers based on photonic crystal fibers (PCF) s and photonic crystal waveguide... more designs of demultiplexers based on photonic crystal fibers (PCF) s and photonic crystal waveguides (PCW) s are presented here. We have considered two types of PCFs and PCWs, namely Dual concentric core PCF, Multicore PCF, PCW with dielectric rods in air and PCW with air holes in dielectric background. Finite difference time domain method (FDTD) is employed to analyze all these devices at 1550nm.The performance of these devices are investigated in terms of optical efficiency, dispersion, device length and cross talk.

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Narayankhedkar Photonic Crystal Waveguide 1 x 3 Flexible Power Splitter for Optical Network

A compact 1x3 power splitter based on Photonic Crystal Waveguides (PCW) with flexible power split... more A compact 1x3 power splitter based on Photonic Crystal Waveguides (PCW) with flexible power splitting ratio is presented in this paper. Multimode interference coupler (MMI) is integrated with PCW. The device size reduction compared with the conventional MMI power splitter is attributed to the large dispersion of the PCW. Band Solve tool is used to calculate the band structure of PCW. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is adopted to simulate the relevant structure at 1550nm wavelength. The device is polarization insensitive and allows the control of output (o/p) powers within certain percentage points for both polarizations. Keywords—Dispersion, MMI Coupler, Photonic Bandgap, Power Splitter.

based 1x4 Power Splitters for Optical Network

In this paper 1x4 fixed and flexible power splitters using multicore photonic crystal fiber(PCF)a... more In this paper 1x4 fixed and flexible power splitters using multicore photonic crystal fiber(PCF)and photonic crystal waveguide array(PCWA) is proposed.Multicore PCF power splitter comprises of four identical cores surrounding the central core (Fixed power splitter).The central core is surrounded by non identical cores(Flexible power splitter).The optical power launched into the central core is equally divided into four neighbouring cores with 25% coupling ratio(Fixed power splitter).An unequal distribution of power is observed when the diameters of the cores surrounding the central core are varied. The PCWA power splitter comprises of a rectangular array of dielectric rods in air. This array is integrated with multimode interference coupler (MMI).Fixed and flexible power splitting ratio is obtained by varying the diameter of the rods. The PCWA power splitters are compact(14m) as compared to the PCF power splitters (57m).These novel structures are investigated using Finite Difference...

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Enhancement of Quality of Service of MIMO-OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmiss... more Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmission in wide band wireless system for achieving high downlink capabilities in a future cellular system. This paper demonstrate, how to improve the capacity of the system and transmission quality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) along with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) used with adaptive modulation can effectively eliminate fading in wireless channels. To minimize the overall transmit power, greedy algorithm approach was proposed for the optimal bit and power allocation strategy, the performance of adaptive bit and power allocation MIMO-OFDM system based on greedy algorithm is completely studied and the performance comparison among greedy algorithm, chow algorithm and average algorithm is represented. The analysis and the simulation are considered in two stages. First stage involves single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM system. This is compared with the performance of...

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Performance Analysis of Variable Optical Attenuator on Different Materials

2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2021

In this paper Ridge, S-bend waveguide design and analysis has been performed for C-band using var... more In this paper Ridge, S-bend waveguide design and analysis has been performed for C-band using various materials like Silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>), Silicon Nitride (Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>), Barium Fluoride (BaF<inf>2</inf>) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>). We have performed a comparative study and identified Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> as the most suitable material for silicon photonics platform based on lower insertion and propagation losses. Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> based ridge waveguide reduces insertion loss to 5.68dB and propagation loss to less than 1dB/cm. These designed waveguides will be used in variable optical attenuator. Here in this paper, we also propose a variable optical attenuator based on the configurations of a Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> -BaF<inf>2</inf> and TiO<inf>2</inf>-Si<inf>3</inf>...

Survey on Silicon Photonics

Silicon Photonics is a relatively new field with the goal of developing silicon based optical dev... more Silicon Photonics is a relatively new field with the goal of developing silicon based optical devices. This approach appears to be very enticing due to multiple reasons including the large established silicon fabrication infrastructure and the relatively low cost and high abundance of this material [1]. The future of IC industry depends upon the speed and bandwidth requirements, but in metallic interconnections we have constraints on speed as well as bandwidth. This paper reviews the growth of silicon photonics compared to last few years and a promising future of photonics. In 2008 Intel declared that the data transfer rate can be increased further up to 1Tbps (bits per second). Researches at Intel developed Silicon based lasers like Hybrid silicon laser in Sept2009, modulators with 40Gbps(2007), multiplexer, demultiplexer, Basic light routing components like waveguides, couplers, light detectors like avalanche photodetector (2008). Intel have successfully demonstrated the complete ...

Download

Enhancement of Quality of Service of MIMO-OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmiss... more Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a promising technology for high data rate transmission in wide band wireless system for achieving high downlink capabilities in a future cellular system. This paper demonstrate, how to improve the capacity of the system and transmission quality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) along with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) used with adaptive modulation can effectively eliminate fading in wireless channels. To minimize the overall transmit power, greedy algorithm approach was proposed for the optimal bit and power allocation strategy, the performance of adaptive bit and power allocation MIMO-OFDM system based on greedy algorithm is completely studied and the performance comparison among greedy algorithm, chow algorithm and average algorithm is represented. The analysis and the simulation are considered in two stages. First stage involves single-input single-output (SISO) OFDM system. This is compared with the performance of...

Download

Free Space Optics for 5G and Beyond

2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2021

For developing countries it is essential to have cost effective, large band width, high data rate... more For developing countries it is essential to have cost effective, large band width, high data rate network. This can be achieved by Optical wireless channel or free space optics (FSO), which is a new technology in an optical communication system. The proposed network offers almost zero-bit error rate (BER) or error free transmission up to 1.5 Km for a transmitter power of 35 dBm, data rate up to 10Gbps at 1550nm, under clear sky condition. Further, this FSO link is analyzed for natural impairments such as rain, haze and fog. The minimum received power is up to −35dBm, which is received by Ge-PIN-Photo-detector-using NRZ coding. Network is simulated for Rayleigh fading channel.

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