Papers by Atif Khan Jadoon
Journal of social & organizational matters, Mar 31, 2024
The present study has been designed to check the effect of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the po... more The present study has been designed to check the effect of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the poverty levels in Pakistan. Three measures of FD, namely intergovernmental transfers, provincial government revenues, and expenditure, are used in this study. Furthermore, the effect of FD is checked on the poverty levels separately in four provinces of Pakistan. Poverty levels are measured with the help of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and the percentage of poor households with a value under 35 according to the International Wealth Index (IWI). This study has used panel data from 1990 to 2020 for the model in which poverty is measured through IWI value. Data from 2004 to 2020 has been used for the model in which poverty is measured through MPI. Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) has been used to obtain the regression results by avoiding the problem of serial correlation and heteroscedasticity. The study's results highlighted that two measures, namely intergovernmental transfers and provincial government expenditures, have a nonlinear relationship with poverty. An increase in intergovernmental transfers and provincial government expenditures reduces poverty at a decreasing rate at first. Then, an increase in both variables results in the form of a higher level of poverty. Moreover, revenue decentralization at the provincial level increases poverty initially and reduces poverty after a critical point.
iRASD journal of economics, Dec 31, 2023
The purpose of our research is to model the monthly price of the KSE 100 index based on Pakistan'... more The purpose of our research is to model the monthly price of the KSE 100 index based on Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators using a Machine Learning (ML) approach. The novelty of the study is forecasting the future value of the stock market using ML. Monthly data was collected for the period from Feb 2004 to Dec 2020. The output layer of our study is the closing price of the KSE 100 index, and the input layer consists of 16 macroeconomic variables of the Pakistan economy, which are the industrial production index (IPI), the exchange rate (EX-RATE), money supply (M2), consumer price index (CPI), foreign direct investment (FDI), Treasury bill on 3-months treasury, interest rate as KIBOR -Month Average (1 Month), Foreign Exchange reserves (FXR), Consumer Financing for house building (house financing), Balance of Trade (BOT), crude oil, Gold, Labor force participation rate, GDP growth (annual %), Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (household consumption) (current US$), and Domestic savings. The prediction uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Backpropagation algorithm. The model developed in this research achieved 99% accuracy using macroeconomic indicators. The accuracy level indicates that the model of the KSE 100 index can predict future trends. This study also forecasts the future monthly values of the KSE 100 index from
Countries around the globe are liberalizing their trade policies for the maximum gains due to com... more Countries around the globe are liberalizing their trade policies for the maximum gains due to comparative advantage. Trade is considered as one of the primary tools to increase the economic growth. There are four main channels in literature through which trade liberalization affects economic growth: capital accumulation, equality of factor prices among countries, knowledge transfers and technology transfers. Last two channels are related to the human capital of the country. The more open economy will have larger benefits from trade openness, if country has absorbing capacity of new technology. The present study has been designed to see the impact of trade liberalization on the human capital and economic growth by using panel data analysis. Selected Asian countries (India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea and Sri Lanka) have been grouped as lower income countries (India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and higher income countries (Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and South Korea) for comparative analysis. The results show that both developed and developing countries enjoy the trade led growth for the selected period. The impact of trade openness on human capital has been found positive for both groups but found significant only for the developed countries due to well-trained human capital. The fruits of trade openness in form of increased productivity of human capital have not been achieved in developing countries due to their less trained and less skilled workers. The investment in human capital is the dire need of the time for the developing countries to enjoy more beneficial effects of trade openness.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 13, 2023
Pakistan is one of the developing countries with a more significant percentage of the working age... more Pakistan is one of the developing countries with a more significant percentage of the working age, i.e., between 14 and 59. When a country has more young people than old ones, it can grow faster than those that have a large number of older people than young people. Economists consider this an opportunity for countries to grow at a higher rate and introduce the term 'demographic dividend' that narrates a phase in which young people (working age population) are in more significant proportion than the dependents. Pakistan's 'demographic dividend' duration is estimated from 1985 to 2045. This scenario in the case of Pakistan has important implications for the labor market, where the labor force can contribute positively to increasing the country's growth rate. An increase in the volume of savings is an essential path through which the labor force can positively contribute to the country's economic health. The present study found out how the age structure of the labor force affects savings in Pakistan. The study showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between age structure and savings. The present study has also suggested some policies to reap the maximum benefits of the age structure in Pakistan.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 15, 2022
The marketing techniques in developing countries have changed a lot since the start of this centu... more The marketing techniques in developing countries have changed a lot since the start of this century. The concept of branding have given new imputes to these marketing techniques. The role of celebrates from different fields play significant role in changing consumer buying behavior. The present study has been designed to check how celebrity endorsement affects the consumer buying behavior. A questionnaire was developed to realize the objective of the study for the people of Lahore. The data is collected through paper pencil method from two shopping malls namely Emporium mall and Packages mall. A total of 256 respondents participated in the survey. Higher order CFA was used to measure celebrity endorsement variable with the help of four first order latent variables namely personal traits, credibility of the endorsement, brand credibility, and ad recall. SEM was applied to see the impact of celebrity endorsement on buying behavior of the consumers. The results of the study showed that four latent variables are measuring the concept of celebrity endorsement. Furthermore, the results also confirmed that celebrities appearing in Ads significantly affect the consumer buying behavior.
Estimating environmental efficiency of the selected Asian countries: does convergence exist?
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
Since the start of this century, much attention has been given to economic growth and environment... more Since the start of this century, much attention has been given to economic growth and environmental changes and their effects on human beings. The present study has developed a comprehensive model to discuss the nexus between economic growth, environmental degradation, and public health. Furthermore, renewable energy consumption and public health spending are used as moderators to make the model more inclusive. The time series data from 1972 to 2020 has been used, and a regression path modeling tool SPPS-PROCESS Model 29, has been applied to carry out the results. The results showed a positive and significant effect of economic growth on environmental degradation, while renewable energy consumption reduces environmental degradation. Furthermore, environmental degradation is negatively affecting the health status in Pakistan. The results of the total effects showed that economic growth positively contributes to public health with a low coefficient. The indirect conditional impact of ...
International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, Jul 5, 2022
Since independence, Pakistan has faced many economic problems. Social and administrative issues h... more Since independence, Pakistan has faced many economic problems. Social and administrative issues have been an obstacle to its economic growth. Economic, social, and administrative problems have amalgamated and engulfed the whole nation like an epidemic. Being the most critical issue, bad governance is destroying the economy in many ways. Poor governance negatively contributes to the empirics of economic growth through increased poverty directly and through increased social evils, such as crimes, indirectly. The present study is conducted to see how socio-economic variables are affecting economic growth rate of Pakistan. Three Stages Least Square (3SLS) estimation technique is used to examine the role of governance in stimulating economic growth by considering important socio-economic variables like poverty and crime. The study results suggest that poor governance is contributing to increasing poverty in Pakistan, which is, in turn, raising crime rates drastically. Moreover, trade openness is not contributing towards poverty reduction. Since high crime rates slow down the economic pace of the economy, improved governance, increased employment opportunities, mobilization of private investment, and diversion of public investment to rural areas are essential for promoting economic growth.
Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
The present study investigates the impact of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the efficiency of pu... more The present study investigates the impact of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the efficiency of public service delivery (PSD) in the education sector of Punjab, Pakistan, from the year1982 to 2017. Firstly, the efficiency coefficients for secondary school enrolment are estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Secondly, the impact of FD on PSD in the education sector of Punjab, Pakistan, is analyzed using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method of estimation. The findings suggest that revenue decentralization positively enhances PSD efficiency in the education sector. In contrast, the effect of expenditure decentralization is negative on the efficiency of the education sector.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022
The present study is designed to investigate that how Economic Growth (EG) of the South Asian reg... more The present study is designed to investigate that how Economic Growth (EG) of the South Asian region has affected the Environmental Degradation (ED) from 1980 to 2018. This study has used Newey and West (1987) robust standard errors approach to overcome the problem of autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity in panel data. The results of the statistical model confirmed the existence of the Inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Furthermore, the results also confirmed that the use of energy is also deteriorating the environment significantly. One significant contribution of the study is to check the causality between EG and CO2 by applying a relatively new approach namely Granger non-causality test presented by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012). The results confirmed that economic growth is contributing towards more CO2 emissions. The study concluded that South Asian countries should use environment-friendly renewable energy sources to achieve a higher growth rate.
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 2021
Purpose of the study: This study is conducted to assess the success of the Female Stipend Program... more Purpose of the study: This study is conducted to assess the success of the Female Stipend Program (FSP), started in the province Punjab, Pakistan under the Punjab Education Sector Reform Program in 2003. Methodology: Panel data on household-level collected from years 2016 to 2018 is used for the analysis. The impact of cash transfers (directed towards female students in selected districts of the province) on female school enrollment in public (elementary and high) schools is measured. Enrollment growth in public schools is used as a dependent variable whereas female stipend, the number of schools, student to teacher ratio, the population of the districts, and basic facilities available in public schools are taken as independent variables. The results are obtained by employing Linear Mixed Multilevel Modeling. Main findings: All the variables, except the population of districts, are having a highly significant impact on the enrollment rate in Punjab. Female school's stipend, numb...
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 2021
Purpose of the study: Since the process of globalization is reshaping the thoughts of individuals... more Purpose of the study: Since the process of globalization is reshaping the thoughts of individuals about the world and creating uniform consumption patterns, the present study is designed to investigate that how globalization is changing the consumption patterns of the people living in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: The present study has collected primary data from the three big cities of Punjab, Pakistan. A quantitative research method is applied to carry out results. Both paper-pencil and web-based methods were used to collect data. Using multistage sampling, sophisticated estimation techniques, such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), are applied to obtain the results. Main findings: The results of CFA confirm that the variable globalization is constructed with the help of commerce, information communication and technology (ICT), and education while the variable consumption patterns variable is measured with the help of physiological needs...
JISR management and social sciences & economics, 2017
Economic growth is a fundamental requirement for the development of a country. Therefore, the que... more Economic growth is a fundamental requirement for the development of a country. Therefore, the questions concerning the factors that can enhance the economic growth of a country are of immense importance especially for developing countries such as Pakistan. The present study provides evidence that promoting education and providing increased employment opportunities can produce positive return in the form of higher economic growth. It highlights the role that employment level and education can play in helping the economy to achieve rapid growth. To analyze the long-run and the short-run relationship among the key variables of interest, Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) has been applied to annual time series data from 1980 to 2013. The empirical results confirm a positive long-run relationship between both employment and economic growth and education and economic growth.
Better tool for economic growth? Banks or secondary markets; Empirical evidence from selected ASIAN countries
Paradigms, 2017
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Nov 29, 2023
The second wave of industrialization at the end of the last century brought the attention of rese... more The second wave of industrialization at the end of the last century brought the attention of researchers to the effect of more energy usage and its effects on environmental degradation. It was also highlighted in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals (2015) that environmental degradation threatens humans' well-being unless countries use environment-friendly production processes. The present study has used the Malmquist-Luenberger Index (MLI) to estimate the environmental efficiency of the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region for the period 1990 to 2019. The estimated results showed that the environmental efficiency of APAC countries declined by 0.36%, on average, in the studied period. The results also highlighted that the Republic of Korea has the highest total factor productivity (TFP) output growth rate in the APAC region. In contrast, Lao People's DR and the Maldives have the lowest TFP. Conditional, unconditional, and Club convergence tests are also tested for the APAC region. The results also suggested that convergence in environmental efficiency is conditional on trade openness, industrial growth, and energy prices. Some policies are also suggested for the APAC region at the end of the study.
Determinants of rural household poverty in Pakistan with multilevel approach
Cogent Economics & Finance
Effect of environmental taxes on environmental innovation and carbon intensity in China: an empirical investigation
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
The present study aims to examine the short-run and long-run impact of China's trade liberalizati... more The present study aims to examine the short-run and long-run impact of China's trade liberalization policies on its energy demand over the period from 1980 to 2018. The results of Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach of co-integration show that energy consumption significantly increases as a result of trade openness and increase in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The results of the granger causality test also confirm the unidirectional causality running from trade openness and real GDP to energy demand. The results of the study have an important implication because if China wants to continue its trade liberalization policies then it must increase its energy production.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
This research article examines the impact of stock market capitalization on carbon emissions usin... more This research article examines the impact of stock market capitalization on carbon emissions using forty high carbon-emitting countries from 1996 to 2018. This study adopts the Driscoll-Kraay method that simultaneously tackles heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and contemporaneous correlation issues. We find an inverted U relationship between stock market capitalization (SMC) and environmental degradation. We propose an extended environmental Kuznets curve based on SMC while energy intensity, industrialization, and urbanization increase emissions in sample countries. The quadratic method, SLM test, and derivative graphing detect the consensus of the inverted U relationship. The weak-negative SMC2 coefficient reveals that the dangerous impact of capitalization declines gradually and finally curbs the environmental degradation challenges. The relationship is strong in highly polluted countries with overvalued stock markets. The study catches no policy synergies between the growing stock market and increased carbon emissions. Stock market capitalization should be integrated into climate change adaptation strategies at national and regional levels, primarily to address the dark effect of environmental degradation. Environmental degradation • Stock market capitalization; Inverted U • Threshold • Efficiency Undoubtedly, the stock market's role is crucial; Bai et al. (2021) categorize it as a leading indicator and economy's barometer, while Altan et al. (2021) argues that the financial markets channel resources through the stock market capitalizations. 1 It is considered the best proxy for equity market valuation that boosts investor trust.
Exploring the asymmetric determinants of consumption and production-based CO2 emissions in China
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Papers by Atif Khan Jadoon