In vitro protein digestion (pH-stat): species-specific development and quality assessment of ingredients for fish species (rainbow trout, Nile tilapia,and cobia)
Botelho et al.: Citogenotoxic response in cobia 189 Citogenotoxic response of juvenile cobia Rach... more Botelho et al.: Citogenotoxic response in cobia 189 Citogenotoxic response of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) reared in two different systems Aquaculture production is continuously growing worldwide, and marine fish farming in Brazil is still in its infancy. Intensive farming conditions may cause physiological stress to the cultured organism, which can be evaluated by citogenotoxic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effect of the rearing conditions in red blood cells of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum by using comet assay and micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities assay. Juvenile cobia were reared for 13 weeks in indoor tank with open water circulation and in near shore cage. The comet assay and the nuclear abnormalities assay detected higher DNA damage and higher nuclear abnormalities frequency in erythrocytes of fish reared in the indoor tank. Results showed that two methods are complementary. Additionally, cobia were injected with ß-naphthoflavone (BNF) at concentrations of 2mgkg-1 and 10mgkg-1 in laboratory controlled conditions, and maintained for 7 days in separate tanks to better understand the response mechanisms of this species to a toxic substance. The comet assay did not detect any significant differences between BNF injected and control fish, whereas nuclear abnormalities assay showed significant differences between BNF injected and the control groups. The damages identified by the comet assay are repairable breaks in the DNA strands, whereas nuclear abnormalities may be permanent. Possibly the period of maintenance after injection was enough to clean BNF from the organisms and to repair the breaks in the DNA strands. As cobia seems to respond very well to genotoxic elements, comet assay and nuclear abnormalities assay would be useful tools to monitor farming conditions.
In the environment, anthracene is characterized as being persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic to... more In the environment, anthracene is characterized as being persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic to aquatic organisms. Biotransformation of xenobiotic substances, such as anthracene, produces reactive oxygen species that may induce DNA strand breaks. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DNA damage in juvenile T. carolinus exposed to different concentrations (8, 16 and 32 µg.L-1) of anthracene for 24 h in the dark then subsequently allowed to depurate in clean water for different periods of time (48, 96 or 144 h) using the comet assay. Our results show that anthracene is genotoxic to T. carolinus and that DNA damage was dose-and depuration/time-dependent. Anthracene genotoxicity was observed in all experimental concentrations. Depuration seemed to be more efficient in fish exposed to the lowest anthracene concentration and maintained in clean water for 96 h. R E S U M O Ambientalmente, o antraceno é considerado persistente, bioacumulativo e tóxico para organismos aquáticos. A biotransformação de substâncias xenobióticas, como o antraceno, produz espécies reativas de oxigênio que podem agir sobre o DNA. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o dano ao DNA em T. carolinus expostos a diferentes concentrações de antraceno (8, 16 e 32 µg.L-1) por 24 h no escuro e subsequentemente mantidos em água limpa para depuração por três diferentes períodos de tempo (48, 96 e 144 h) através de ensaio cometa. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o antraceno é genotóxico para T. carolinus e o dano ao DNA foi dose-e tempo de depuraçãodependente. A genotoxicidade do antraceno foi detectada nas três concentrações utilizadas. A depuração pareceu ser mais eficiente nos peixes expostos a menor concentração de antraceno e mantidos por 96 h em água limpa. Descriptors: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), Anthracene, DNA damage, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Marine fish. Descritores: Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA), Antraceno, Dano ao DNA, Espécies reativas de oxgênio (EROS), Peixe marinho.
Members of the family Ariidae have a large distribution along the Brazilian coast. In the southea... more Members of the family Ariidae have a large distribution along the Brazilian coast. In the southeast region of the country, where materials for this study were collected, there have been described at least eight species belonging to seven genera (Figueiredo and Menezes, 1978). The systematics of this family, however, is still controversial and is considered chaotic by Higushi (1982). Cytogenetical methods have been used to elucidate
The economic activities at the South Brazilian Shelf (SBS) are concentrated on the coast causing ... more The economic activities at the South Brazilian Shelf (SBS) are concentrated on the coast causing several impacts. To reconcile biodiversity and habitat conservation in the coastal and marine areas with human activities it is important to identify those sectors and pressures. We conducted an analysis to assess ecosystem risks from multiple drivers and pressures in the continental shelf that extends from the Southernmost point of Brazil (Chuí) to Cabo Frio cape, in Rio de Janeiro State. We used the Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) methodology, a framework for implementing ecosystem-based management grounded on five steps: scoping, indicator development, ecosystem assessment, risk analysis, and management strategy evaluation. This work developed the scoping step consisting of an assessment tracing sector–pressure–ecological component pressure pathways. Subsequently, links were scored regarding their level of overlap on each ecosystem component, frequency and degree of impact, esti...
Efeito do DSS, dodecil sulfato de sódio, no metabolismo a na capacidade de natação de Cyprinus carpio
Synthetic agents are important sources of pollution in Brazil, especially in the large urban cent... more Synthetic agents are important sources of pollution in Brazil, especially in the large urban centers. Of these, SDS has been largely employed as a reference substance in toxicity tests with aquatic organisms. Studies on the effect of this substance on the physiology and behavior of fish are scanty. In this study the metabolism and swimming capacity of Cyprinus carpio, at a given swimming velocity (10.15 cm/sec), were analyzed in relation to acute exposition to different concentrations of SDS (1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm). The metabolism and swimming capacity of a fish are the product of many integrated complex physiological processes that can be directly related to variations in environmental conditions. The results show that oxygen consumption increases while swimming capacity decreases with increasing concentrations of SDS in all size classes studied. At the highest concentration employed (10 ppm), swimming capacity was reduced 5 times and oxygen consumption increased 2.8 times in relati...
ESTUDOS CARIOTfPICOS DE PEIXES DA FAMfLIA SCIAENIDAE (TELEOSTE I J
Synopsis The chromosomes of M. ame~can~ was studied. The diploid number is48 acrocentric chromoso... more Synopsis The chromosomes of M. ame~can~ was studied. The diploid number is48 acrocentric chromosomes and the haploid number is 24. The diploid DNA content of blood cell nucleus was measured. C- and G- banding techniques were tried. Descrlptors: Cytology, Gene~lcs, Chromosomes, Karyo~ypes, Marlne flsh, Sclaenldae, Me~ am~n~, Cananela, SP. Descritores: Citologia, Genetlca, Cromossomos, Carlotlpos, Peixes Marinhos, Sclaenldae, ~ am~an~, Cananela, SP. Introducao Dando continuidade aos estudos carioti picos de peixes marinhos da regiao de Cananeia, foram escolhidos como material de estudo os peixes da familia Sciaenidae, devido a escassez de dados citogeneticos sobre ela e por ter sido estudada sob diversos aspectos, quanto a relacoes fi logeneticas entre suas especies (Chao, 1978). A estrutura da especie M. ame~can~ (Linnaeus, 1758) foi estudada por Saccardo (1976), atraves da analise da variacao de caracteres meristicos e mor fometricos; alguns aspectos de seu ciclo de vida foram ab...
Occurrence and distribution of legacy and emerging pollutants including plastic debris in Antarctica: Sources, distribution and impact on marine biodiversity
O CARIÓTIPO DE Id ICROPOGONIAS FURNIERI (DESMAREST
no estabelecimento de relac;es evolutivas entre especies e populac;es, alem de outras aplicac;es ... more no estabelecimento de relac;es evolutivas entre especies e populac;es, alem de outras aplicac;es como no melhoramento genetico. As alteracoes que os cariotipos sofreram durante a evolucao e a r e= lacao destas alteracoes com a especiacao tem sido extensamente estudadas (Denton, 1973). A relativa simplicidade metodologica, o baixo custo dos materiais necessarios, as possibilidades de aplicacao de algumas tecnicas, inclusive em trabalhos de campo, e, principalmente, a diversidade de aplicacoes do estudo cariotipico sao alguns
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2015
Hypertension presenting with metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia is not uncommon. In this analys... more Hypertension presenting with metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia is not uncommon. In this analysis, we present the management of such a scenario in white and black patients. Six patients (white¼4 [1 females, 2 males, age¼24-62]; blacks¼2 [1male, 1 female, age¼32, 40]) with hypokalemia (2.9-3.3 mEq/L), metabolic alkalosis (28-32 mm Eq/L) and hypertension (155-180/90-105 mmHg) were seen in hypertension clinic. All had a BMI of >32 and metabolic syndrome. None had clinical evidence of sleep apnea. All had been on adequate dosage of at least three BP meds (calcium channel blocker, ACE-I/ARB, metoprolol/carvedilol). All had a negative Doppler ultrasound for renal artery stenosis. Their serum aldosterone to renin ratio was 15-18 (normal¼less than 20). Urinary aldosterone in the six patients ranged from 10-12 ng/l (reference abnormal¼>14 ng/dl). Because of normal aldosterone to renin ration, CT scan was not obtained in these patients. Nonetheless, considering obesity and aldosterone production by adipocytes (high normal urinary aldosterone), treatment with spironolactone/eplerenone was initiated with normalization of blood pressure in 3/4 whites (<140/90 mmHg). The non-responder (white female age 62) was treated with amiloride with subsequent control of BP to <140/90 mmHg. Two black patients also responded better to amiloride compared to spironolactone/eplerenone bring them to the goal (<140/90 mmHg). While aldosterone is an important mediator of hypertension in obese individuals, over-activity of sodium channel in the distal tubule (ENaC) must be considered in the management uncontrolled hypertension with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, particularly in blacks. It has been suggested before that amiloride provides better BP control in resistance hypertension in blacks compared to white patients providing validity to ENaC over-activity. Genetic testing was not performed in our cohort to investigate the presence of Liddle's syndrome.
Juvenile Florida pompanos (Trachinotus carolinus) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of nap... more Juvenile Florida pompanos (Trachinotus carolinus) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of naphthalene (0.15 ppm and 0.30 ppm) for 24 hours (acute) and 12 days (chronic). Control fish were maintained for the same periods in clean seawater and seawater with ethanol, which is a carrier to dissolve naphthalene. Gill samples from 56 fish were prepared for histological analysis and examined under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Alterations in the gills of fish exposed to naphthalene were semi-quantitatively ranked based on the severity of tissue lesions and comparisons were made with fish kept in clean water and water with ethanol. Fish of the control groups exhibited functionally normal gills, apart from sparse, slight alterations, such as the lifting of epithelial cells. Acute exposure to naphthalene caused slight to moderate alterations in the gills, whereas chronic exposure led to significant, progressively irreparable damage, especially at the greatest concentration. Ch...
The energy allocation from food consumption (C) to fecal losses (F), routine oxygen consumption (... more The energy allocation from food consumption (C) to fecal losses (F), routine oxygen consumption (Rr), ammonia excretion (U) and body mass production (P) was assessed in juveniles of Centropomus parallelus acclimated for 15 and 30 days to 5, 20 and 30 salinities, and temperature of 21º C. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were linear related to fish wet weight and differences were significant either between salinities and acclimation periods. The body mass production suggests this salinity range as better conditions for rearing C. parallelus at this stage of life cycle. The energy balance as food consumption ranged from: 101.86 to 105.43%; 79.85 to 92.90%; 91.16 to 111.66%, at salinities 5, 20 and 30, respectively. This energy balance was comprised with metabolic maintenance that expended from 40 to 70% and with 20 to 42% saved as body mass production, in accordance to the salinity and period of acclimation. The energy lost as feces and ammonia excretion represented ca. of 8.7...
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