se definió la infertilidad como un problema de salud caracterizado por la imposibilidad de llevar... more se definió la infertilidad como un problema de salud caracterizado por la imposibilidad de llevar un embarazo a feliz término en un período de un año. Dadas su prevalencia y los excelentes resultados obtenidos en la provincia Matanzas en el afrontamiento a esta problemática como parte del Programa Nacional de Atención a la Pareja Infértil, se consideró necesario conocer cómo prevenir sus principales causas y cuáles son las alternativas de solución. Objetivo: identificar los factores causales de la infertilidad como problema de salud, en aras de su prevención. Métodos: se realizó un análisis documental de la literatura más reciente publicada acerca del tema empleando buscadores de confianza como Google académico, SciELO y Scopus. Se utilizaron 30 fuentes en español e inglés para la confección del artículo; el 90 % de ellas de los últimos cinco años, donde el 55 % representa los últimos tres años. 104 Resultados: las fuentes consultadas coincidieron en que las causas de infertilidad pueden ser comunes o específicas de cada sexo. En las féminas predominaron la edad, factores ovulatorios y útero-tubáricos; mientras que en los hombres, los defectos espermáticos. Algunos factores pueden prevenirse desde la Atención Primaria de Salud. Existen técnicas de reproducción asistida que son una alternativa en el logro de un embarazo. Conclusiones: la infertilidad es un trastorno de causa multifactorial que afecta a ambos sexos. Con el fin de tratarla se han desarrollado técnicas de vanguardia en el campo de la reproducción asistida.
The paper presents the public building typology, energy demand estimations and retrofit scenarios... more The paper presents the public building typology, energy demand estimations and retrofit scenarios, as well as associated costs and benefits for energysaving measures in the public building stock of Albania. First, representative building types were identified to estimate their energy performance, and define retrofit packages. Second, this information was used to analyse the costs and benefits of the different thermal efficiency retrofits. Apart from specific benefits due to cost savings in the use phase, co-benefits were estimated to understand their dimension and influence on decision-making. Finally, energy efficiency supply curves were developed to show the priority sequence of retrofits and building types. It was found that due to the growing wealth in Albania, user behaviour will change a lot in the future. Energy usage in the public building sector will increase and mitigate savings resulting from energy-saving measures making saved energy costs invisible. However, if other benefits beyond energy savings are considered, the cost efficiency of the measures remain obvious. The recommended approach can be used to assist decision-making and allocate funds.
The expertise on building stock typology used openly available data from the Albanian statistical... more The expertise on building stock typology used openly available data from the Albanian statistical office. As the CENSUS was not especially designed for gathering data for the energetic evaluation of the building stock, some data were not available on the required level of detail. Estimations were necessary to extrapolate data to the existing stock. Technically, the study selected and described twenty representative categories of residential buildings typology for Albania. Were identified the level and the structure of final energy consumption at present and in the future by building age category, building type, climate zone, and energy end-use. Using an original template excel data sheet, were conducted the calculations of their thermal energy performance in three climate zones, designed standardized retrofit packages, calculated possible energy savings, and investment required by building type. The engineering principle of the Regulation in force, regarding to the legislative act o...
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Papers by Gjergji Simaku