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Farag Ali

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Papers by Farag Ali

IGTMPP: A Hybrid Method to Predict Missing Pixels of Remote Sensing Images using Geo-Temporal Properties

2018 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), 2018

At times, remote sensing images do not capture every pixel in a target location due to atmospheri... more At times, remote sensing images do not capture every pixel in a target location due to atmospheric or electronic disturbance. These uncaptured pixels are referred to as missing pixels. Since missing pixels may contain important data, they can negatively affect downstream applications and scientific fields. A number of methods have been developed to predict the value of missing pixels and can be classified into four groups: deterministic, geostatistic, auxiliary image-based and hybrid methods. Each method has limitations with a common limitation being predicting change for a particular environmental class. Here, we introduce the Integration of Geostatistic and Temporal Missing Pixels' Properties (IGTMPP) as a hybrid method to predict missing pixels. IGTMPP combines geostatistical and temporal relationships between pixels, based on how similar pixels to a target pixel changed over time. IGTMPP was tested using Landsat 5 images of different areas in Queensland, Australia and compar...

Requirements engineering activities of library system using paper prototyping technique

Requirement engineering is both the hardest and critical part of software development since error... more

Behaviour of Composite I-Beams Under Crushing and Bending Modes

Experimental and finite-element analyses for glass/epoxy composite I-beams were carried out to de... more Experimental and finite-element analyses for glass/epoxy composite I-beams were carried out to determine the effect of number of layers on load-carrying capacity and specific energy absorption. The loading modes used throughout this investigation were the axial compression, three and four point bending. The beams were fabricated from woven roving glass fibre and epoxy. The composite I-beams fabricated for axial compression tests were of 250 mm gauge length, 76 mm flange width and 125 mm web height, while the composite I-beams fabricated for three and four point bending tests were of 500 mm gauge length, 76 mm flange width and 125 mm web height. The matrix used was made of an epoxy resin (LECO 811-563-103) and a hardener (LECO 811-563-104) which were mixed at 8:1 ratio. Loading arrangements were also built to facilitate the experimental tests needed. The composite I-beams fabricated and tested were of 4, 6, 8 and 10 layers. Three samples were tested for each type and each load case. In addition, tensile samples were prepared and tested for the composite material used to evaluate the AINI IDERIS, Ph.D.

Minimal length, Friedmann equations and maximum density

Journal of High Energy Physics, 2014

Inspired by Jacobson's thermodynamic approach [4], Cai et al. [5, 6] have shown the emergence of ... more Inspired by Jacobson's thermodynamic approach [4], Cai et al. [5, 6] have shown the emergence of Friedmann equations from the first law of thermodynamics. We extend Akbar-Cai derivation [6] of Friedmann equations to accommodate a general entropyarea law. Studying the resulted Friedmann equations using a specific entropy-area law, which is motivated by the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), reveals the existence of a maximum energy density closed to Planck density. Allowing for a general continuous pressure p(ρ, a) leads to bounded curvature invariants and a general nonsingular evolution. In this case, the maximum energy density is reached in a finite time and there is no cosmological evolution beyond this point which leaves the big bang singularity inaccessible from a spacetime prospective. The existence of maximum energy density and a general nonsingular evolution is independent of the equation of state and the spacial curvature k. As an example we study the evolution of the equation of state p = ωρ through its phase-space diagram to show the existence of a maximum energy which is reachable in a finite time.

Minimal length in quantum gravity, equivalence principle and holographic entropy bound

Classical and Quantum Gravity, 2011

A possible discrepancy has been found between the results of a neutron interferometry experiment ... more A possible discrepancy has been found between the results of a neutron interferometry experiment and Quantum Mechanics. This experiment suggests that the weak equivalence principle is violated at small length scales, which quantum mechanics cannot explain. In this paper, we investigated whether the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), proposed by some approaches to quantum gravity such as String Theory and Doubly Special Relativity Theories (DSR), can explain the violation of the weak equivalence principle at small length scales. We also investigated the consequences of the GUP on the Liouville theorem in statistical mechanics. We have found a new form of invariant phase space in the presence of GUP. This result should modify the density states and affect the calculation of the entropy bound of local quantum field theory, the cosmological constant, black body radiation, etc. Furthermore, such modification may have observable consequences at length scales much larger than the Planck scale. This modification leads to a √ A-type correction to the bound of the maximal entropy of a bosonic field which would definitely shed some light on the holographic theory.

Crude Oil Degrading Bacteria: Isolation, Growth and Biodegradation Studies

Generalized uncertainty principle and quantum gravitational effects on tunneling rate of Reissner-Nordström black hole

Astrophysics and Space Science, 2012

ABSTRACT It is shown that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes can accept a correction t... more ABSTRACT It is shown that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes can accept a correction that effects on the radiation tunneling probability. By assumption of a spatially flat universe accompanied with expansion of metric, we could obtain an expression for entropy of black hole that is changing with respect to time and Bekenstein-Hawking temperature.

Modified Newton's Law of Gravitation due to Minimal Length in Quantum Gravity

Advances in High Energy Physics, 2013

A recent theory about the origin of the gravity suggests that the gravity is originally an entrop... more A recent theory about the origin of the gravity suggests that the gravity is originally an entropic force. In this work, we discuss the effects of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) which is proposed by some approaches to quantum gravity such as string theory, black hole physics, and doubly special relativity theories (DSR), on the area law of the entropy. This leads to aarea-type correction to the area law of entropy which implies that the number of bitsNis modified. Therefore, we obtain a modified Newton’s law of gravitation. Surprisingly, this modification agrees with different sign with the prediction of Randall-Sundrum II model which contains one uncompactified extra dimension. Furthermore, such modification may have observable consequences at length scales much larger than the Planck scale.

Fetal Liver Size, Hepatic Artery Doppler Study in Late Intra Uterine Growth Restriction

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2021

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the fetus does not rea... more Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the fetus does not reach its growth potential. It is well known that a fetus affected with late IUGR has smaller abdominal size. The aim of the study is to evaluate the fetal liver size, fetal hepatic artery blood flow and other fetal vascular Doppler indices in cases of late IUGR. Methods: This observational analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 pregnant women at or above 32 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 (study group): 50 pregnant women as study group who were affected with IUGR. Group 2 (control group): 50 normally pregnant women as control group. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between fetal weight and liver length. There was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between symphysial fundal height and the estimated fetal weight by ultrasound in cases of IUGR. There was a statistically significant decrease in the liv...

Rainbow spacetime from a nonlocal gravitational uncertainty principle

Europhysics Letters, 2020

The occurrence of spacetime singularities is one of the peculiar features of Einstein gravity, si... more The occurrence of spacetime singularities is one of the peculiar features of Einstein gravity, signalling limitation on probing short distances in spacetime. This alludes to the existence of a fundamental length scale in nature. On the contrary, the Heisenberg quantum uncertainty relation seems to allow for probing arbitrarily small length scales. To reconcile these two conflicting ideas in line with a well-known framework of quantum gravity, several modifications of Heisenberg algebra have been proposed. However, it has been extensively argued that such a minimum length would introduce nonlocality in theories of quantum gravity. In this letter, we analyze a previously proposed deformation of the Heisenberg algebra (i.e., ) for a particle confined in a box subjected to a gravitational field. For the problem in hand, such deformation seems to yield an energy-dependent behavior of spacetime in a way consistent with gravity's rainbow, hence demonstrating a connection between non-lo...

Rainbow spacetime from a nonlocal gravitational uncertainty principle

Europhysics Letters, 2020

The occurrence of spacetime singularities is one of the peculiar features of Einstein gravity, si... more The occurrence of spacetime singularities is one of the peculiar features of Einstein gravity, signalling limitation on probing short distances in spacetime. This alludes to the existence of a fundamental length scale in nature. On the contrary, the Heisenberg quantum uncertainty relation seems to allow for probing arbitrarily small length scales. To reconcile these two conflicting ideas in line with a well-known framework of quantum gravity, several modifications of Heisenberg algebra have been proposed. However, it has been extensively argued that such a minimum length would introduce nonlocality in theories of quantum gravity. In this letter, we analyze a previously proposed deformation of the Heisenberg algebra (i.e., ) for a particle confined in a box subjected to a gravitational field. For the problem in hand, such deformation seems to yield an energy-dependent behavior of spacetime in a way consistent with gravity's rainbow, hence demonstrating a connection between non-lo...

Exploring the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of of Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Palm)

Infections due to protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with hig... more Infections due to protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The drugs of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis are the pentavalent antimonials (SbV), which present renal and cardiac toxicity. Besides, the precise chemical structure and mechanism of action of these drugs are unknown till date. In order to find new drugs against leishmaniasis, we have been studying ethanolic extract of date palms. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is known to be one of the oldest cultivated trees in the world. In the present study, we have evaluated the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera L., Palmae, against the extracellular forms promastigotes of L. tropica. Ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera was much more effective against L. tropica. IC 50 value of 68.50 µg/ml. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and carbohydrates as the major chemical compounds. Attempts have been carried out to characterize tannins in respect to gallic acid content by HPTLC quantification. HPTLC analysis was carried out by using stationary phase as Silica Gel 60 F 254 , Mobile Phase as Toluene : Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:4:1), Solvent front run up to 8 cm; Detection was carried out at 272 nm by using CAMAG make HPTLC. Derivatisation-5% Ferric chloride reagent in Methanol at 110 o C for 5 mins. R f value was found to be 0.32. Quantification of ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera against the applied standard gallic acid was found to be 6.86%. Based on these in vitro results against L. tropica, new studies should be carried out to find the compounds with antileishmanial activity.

Massless charged particles tunneling radiation from a RN-dS horizon and the linear and quadratic GUP

Annals of Physics, 2021

In this paper, we investigate the massless Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter metric in the context of ... more In this paper, we investigate the massless Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter metric in the context of minimal length scenarios. We prove not only the confinement of the energy density of massless charged particles, both fermions and bosons, but also their ability to tunnel through the cosmological horizon. These massless particles might be interacting with Dirac sea and in this case they will appear outside the cosmological horizon in the context of dS/CFT holography. This result may formulate a fundamental reason for the expansion of the Dirac sea. Therefore, a spacetime Big Crunch may occur.

Timeless State of Gravity: Possible Solution for Cosmological Constant problem

We study a localization of gravity through the matching point between non-inertial frames and loc... more We study a localization of gravity through the matching point between non-inertial frames and local inertial frames. This localization of gravity is done through defining relative gravitational red-shift. This lead to an emergence of a timeless state in a mathematically consistent way. In this timeless state of gravity, we find a geometric interpretation of the speed of light and mass. The experimental support of the timeless state is the quantum entanglement and internal symmetries that are independent of time. Therefore gravity would be responsible for measurements independent of time including quantum entanglement. Based on the Gravity/Gauge equivalence in the timeless state, we conjecture that the universe emerged from a black hole with a global $SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$ symmetry on its event horizon that produces gauge fields Electromagnetism, weak and strong nuclear force through localization of this global symmetry. Through the localization in the gravity field, the time...

One Observer Universe: A Geometric Interpretation of Speed of Light and Mass

In this paper, we investigate how Rindler observer measures the universe in the ADM formalism. We... more In this paper, we investigate how Rindler observer measures the universe in the ADM formalism. We compute his measurements in each slice of the space-time in terms of gravitational red-shift which is a property of general covariance. In this way, we found special relativity preferred frames to match with the general relativity Rindler frame in ADM formalism. This may resolve the widely known incompatibility between special relativity and general relativity on how each theory sees the red-shift. We found a geometric interpretation of the speed of light and mass.

Cosmic space and Pauli exclusion principle in a system of M0-branes

International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, 2017

An emergence of cosmic space has been suggested by Padmanabhan [Emergence and expansion of cosmic... more An emergence of cosmic space has been suggested by Padmanabhan [Emergence and expansion of cosmic space as due to the quest for holographic equipartition, arXiv:hep-th/1206.4916] where he proposed that the expansion of the universe originates from a difference between the number of degrees of freedom on a holographic surface and the one in the emerged bulk. Now, a natural question that arises is how this proposal would explain the production of fermions and an emergence of the Pauli exclusion principle during the evolution of the universe? We try to address this issue in a system of [Formula: see text]-branes. In this model, there is a high symmetry and the system is composed of [Formula: see text]-branes to which only scalar fields are attached that represent scalar modes of the graviton. Then, when [Formula: see text]-branes join each other and hence form [Formula: see text]-branes, this symmetry is broken and gauge fields are formed. Therefore, these [Formula: see text]-branes in...

Holographic cosmology from BIonic solutions

International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2017

In this paper, we will use a BIonic solution for analyzing the holographic cosmology. A BIonic so... more In this paper, we will use a BIonic solution for analyzing the holographic cosmology. A BIonic solution is a configuration of a D3-brane and an anti-D3-brane connected by a wormhole, and holographic cosmology is a recent proposal to explain cosmic expansion by using the holographic principle. In our model, a BIonic configuration will be produced by the transition of fundamental black strings. The formation of a BIonic configuration will cause inflation. As the D3-brane moves away from the anti-D3-brane, the wormhole will get annihilated, and the inflation will end with the annihilation of this wormhole. However, it is possible for a D3-brane to collide with an anti-D3-brane. Such a collision will occur if the distance between the D3-brane and the anti-D3-brane reduces, and this will create tachyonic states. We will demonstrate that these tachyonic states will lead to the formation of a new wormhole, and this will cause acceleration of the universe before such a collision.

Generalized uncertainty principle as a consequence of the effective field theory

Physics Letters B, 2017

We will demonstrate that the generalized uncertainty principle exists because of the derivative e... more We will demonstrate that the generalized uncertainty principle exists because of the derivative expansion in the effective field theories. This is because in the framework of the effective field theories, the minimum measurable length scale has to be integrated away to obtain the low energy effective action. We will analyze the deformation of a massive free scalar field theory by the generalized uncertainty principle, and demonstrate that the minimum measurable length scale corresponds to a second more massive scale in the theory, which has been integrated away. We will also analyze CFT operators dual to this deformed scalar field theory, and observe that scaling of the new CFT operators indicates that they are dual to this more massive scale in the theory. We will use holographic renormalization to explicitly calculate the renormalized boundary action with counter terms for this scalar field theory deformed by generalized uncertainty principle, and show that the generalized uncertainty principle contributes to the matter conformal anomaly.

The most general form of deformation of the Heisenberg algebra from the generalized uncertainty principle

Physics Letters B, 2016

In this paper, we will propose the most general form of the deformation of Heisenberg algebra mot... more In this paper, we will propose the most general form of the deformation of Heisenberg algebra motivated by the generalized uncertainty principle. This deformation of the Heisenberg algebra will deform all quantum mechanical systems. The form of the generalized uncertainty principle used to motivate these results will be motivated by the space fractional quantum mechanics, and non-locality in quantum mechanical systems. We also analyse a specific limit of this generalized deformation for one dimensional system, and in that limit, a nonlocal deformation of the momentum operator generates a local deformation of all one dimensional quantum mechanical systems. We analyse the low energy effects of this deformation on a harmonic oscillator, Landau levels, Lamb shift, and potential barrier. We also demonstrate that this deformation leads to a discretization of space.

Vaidya spacetime for Galileon gravity's rainbow

Nuclear Physics B, 2016

In this paper, we analyze Vaidya spacetime with an energy dependent metric in Galileon gravity's ... more In this paper, we analyze Vaidya spacetime with an energy dependent metric in Galileon gravity's rainbow. This will be done using the rainbow functions which are motivated from the results obtained in loop quantum gravity approach and noncommutative geometry. We will investigate the Gravitational collapse in this Galileon gravity's rainbow. We will discuss the behavior of singularities formed from the gravitational collapse in this rainbow deformed Galileon gravity.