Papers by Elizabeth Planalp
Temperament is central to later emerging psychopathology and may have clinical utility for predic... more Temperament is central to later emerging psychopathology and may have clinical utility for predicting the occurrence of symptoms. Often, temperament traits are examined in relation to single disorders although evidence suggests that temperament is a transdiagnostic risk factor. We examine how three factors of temperament at age 2 predict latent classes of symptoms at age 7 in a large community sample of twins (N = 493 pairs). We then fit twin bivariate biometric Cholesky decomposition models for the significant temperament-symptom associations. Higher scores on a temperament factor of high negative affect/low control predicted membership in both moderate and higher severity symptom classes, regardless of specific symptom characteristics in the classes. Lower interest/attention factor scores also predicted classes with both moderate, and especially, more severe symptom elevations. Lower fear factor scores modestly predicted two of the classes with externalizing features. Biometric mo...
Parental Arrest and Child Behavior: Differential Role of Executive Functioning among Racial Subgroups
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2022
PLOS ONE
Age and gender differences are prominent in the temperament literature, with the former particula... more Age and gender differences are prominent in the temperament literature, with the former particularly salient in infancy and the latter noted as early as the first year of life. This study represents a meta-analysis utilizing Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) data collected across multiple laboratories (N = 4438) to overcome limitations of smaller samples in elucidating links among temperament, age, and gender in early childhood. Algorithmic modeling techniques were leveraged to discern the extent to which the 14 IBQ-R subscale scores accurately classified participating children as boys (n = 2,298) and girls (n = 2,093), and into three age groups: youngest (< 24 weeks; n = 1,102), mid-range (24 to 48 weeks; n = 2,557), and oldest (> 48 weeks; n = 779). Additionally, simultaneous classification into age and gender categories was performed, providing an opportunity to consider the extent to which gender differences in temperament are informed by infant age. Results in...
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 2022
Introduction To optimize type 1 diabetes mellitus self-management, experts recommend a person-cen... more Introduction To optimize type 1 diabetes mellitus self-management, experts recommend a person-centered approach, in which care is tailored to meet people’s needs and preferences. Existing tools for tailoring type 1 diabetes mellitus education and support are limited by narrow focus, lack of strong association with meaningful outcomes like A1c, or having been developed before widespread use of modern diabetes technology. To facilitate comprehensive, effective tailoring for today’s working-aged adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, we developed and validated the Barriers and Supports Evaluation (BASES). Research design and methods Participants 25–64 years of age with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited from clinics and a population-based registry. Content analysis of semistructured interviews (n=33) yielded a pool of 136 items, further refined to 70 candidate items on a 5-point Likert scale through cognitive interviewing and piloting. To develop and validate the tool, factor analy...
Reduction of motion artifacts in functional connectivity resulting from infrequent large motion
Brain Connectivity, 2022
INTRODUCTION Subject head motion is an ongoing challenge in functional MRI, particularly in the e... more INTRODUCTION Subject head motion is an ongoing challenge in functional MRI, particularly in the estimation of functional connectivity. Infants (1-month old) scanned during non-sedated sleep often have occasional but large movements of several millimeters separated by periods with relatively little movement. This results in residual signal changes even after image realignment, and can distort estimates of functional connectivity. A new motion correction technique, JumpCor, is introduced to reduce the effects of this motion and compared to other existing techniques. METHODS Different approaches for reducing residual motion artifacts after image realignment were compared both in actual and simulated data: JumpCor, regressing out the estimated subject motion, and regressing out the average white matter, CSF, and global signals and their temporal derivatives. RESULTS Motion-related signal changes resulting from infrequent large motion were significantly reduced both by regressing out the estimated motion parameters, and by JumpCor. Furthermore, JumpCor significantly reduced artifacts and improved the quality of functional connectivity estimates when combined with typical preprocessing approaches. DISCUSSION Motion-related signal changes resulting from occasional large motion can be effectively corrected using JumpCor, and to a certain extent also by regressing out the estimated motion. This technique should reduce the data loss in studies where participants exhibit this type of motion, such as sleeping infants.
Parent Internal State Language and Infant-Parent Attachment with Mothers and Fathers
Executive function (EF) is essential to child development, with associated skills beginning to em... more Executive function (EF) is essential to child development, with associated skills beginning to emerge in the first few years of life and continuing to develop into adolescence and adulthood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), which follows a neurodevelopmental timeline similar to EF, plays an important role in the development of EF. However, limited research has examined prefrontal function in young children due to limitations of currently available neuroimaging techniques such as functional resonance magnetic imaging (fMRI). The current study developed and applied a multimodal Go/NoGo task to examine the EF component of inhibitory control in children 4-10 years of age. Cortical activity was measured using a non-invasive and child-friendly neuroimaging technique-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Children's response accuracy and reaction times were captured during the fNIRS session and compared with responses obtained using the standardized assessments from NIH Toolbox cognition battery. Results showed significant correlations between the behavioral measures during the fNIRS session and the standardized EF assessments, in line with our expectations. Results from fNIRS measures demonstrated a significant, age-independent effect of inhibitory control (IC) in the right PFC (rPFC), and an age-dependent effect in the left orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), consistent with results in previous studies using fNIRS and fMRI. Thus, the new task designed for fNIRS was suitable for examining IC in young children, and results showed that fNIRS measures can reveal prefrontal IC function.
Maternal and environmental factors influence brain networks and architecture via both physiologic... more Maternal and environmental factors influence brain networks and architecture via both physiological pathways and epigenetic modifications. In particular, prenatal maternal depression and anxiety symptoms appear to impact infant white matter (WM) microstructure, leading us to investigate whether epigenetic modifications (i.e., DNA methylation) contribute to these WM differences. To determine if infants of women with depression and anxiety symptoms exhibit epigenetic modifications linked to neurodevelopmental changes, 52 umbilical cord bloods (CBs) were profiled. We observed 219 differentially methylated genomic positions (DMPs; FDR p < 0.05) in CB that were associated with magnetic resonance imaging measures of WM microstructure at 1 month of age and in regions previously described to be related to maternal depression and anxiety symptoms. Genomic characterization of these associated DMPs revealed 143 unique genes with significant relationships to processes involved in neurodevelo...
Positive parenting, parenting stress, and child self-regulation patterns differ across maternal demographic risk
Journal of Family Psychology
Brain structure & function, 2018
The authors regret that, in this article, there was an error in the analyses comparing infant mal... more The authors regret that, in this article, there was an error in the analyses comparing infant male and female regional brain volume differences.
Brain structure & function, Jan 5, 2018
The developing brain undergoes systematic changes that occur at successive stages of maturation. ... more The developing brain undergoes systematic changes that occur at successive stages of maturation. Deviations from the typical neurodevelopmental trajectory are hypothesized to underlie many early childhood disorders; thus, characterizing the earliest patterns of normative brain development is essential. Recent neuroimaging research provides insight into brain structure during late childhood and adolescence; however, few studies have examined the infant brain, particularly in infants under 3 months of age. Using high-resolution structural MRI, we measured subcortical gray and white matter brain volumes in a cohort (N = 143) of 1-month infants and examined characteristics of these volumetric measures throughout this early period of neurodevelopment. We show that brain volumes undergo age-related changes during the first month of life, with the corresponding patterns of regional asymmetry and sexual dimorphism. Specifically, males have larger total brain volume and volumes differ by sex...
Scientific reports, Jan 29, 2017
White matter microstructure, essential for efficient and coordinated transmission of neural commu... more White matter microstructure, essential for efficient and coordinated transmission of neural communications, undergoes pronounced development during the first years of life, while deviations to this neurodevelopmental trajectory likely result in alterations of brain connectivity relevant to behavior. Hence, systematic evaluation of white matter microstructure in the normative brain is critical for a neuroscientific approach to both typical and atypical early behavioral development. However, few studies have examined the infant brain in detail, particularly in infants under 3 months of age. Here, we utilize quantitative techniques of diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging to investigate neonatal white matter microstructure in 104 infants. An optimized multiple b-value diffusion protocol was developed to allow for successful acquisition during non-sedated sleep. Associations between white matter microstructure measures and gestation corrected ag...
6 Genetic Understanding of OCD and Spectrum Disorders
The Oxford Handbook …, 2011
... 6 Genetic Understanding of OCD and Spectrum Disorders Jack F. Samuels, Marco A. Grados ... gr... more ... 6 Genetic Understanding of OCD and Spectrum Disorders Jack F. Samuels, Marco A. Grados ... groom-ing behaviors, including hair pulling and self-muti-lation (Stein, Shoulberg, Helton, Hollander, 1992 ... of ethnic groups (Chabane et al., 2004; Kinnear et al., 2000; Meira-Lima et al ...
21-LB: Development and Validation of the Barriers and Supports Evaluation for Working-Age Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes
Latino resident fathers’ early involvement with infants
Psychology of Men & Masculinities
Early microstructure of white matter associated with infant attention
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
Children's Dysregulated Representations Mediate Ineffective Parenting Practices and Effortful Control in Lower Income Families
Family Relations
Toddler affect with mothers and fathers: the importance of infant attachment
Attachment & Human Development
Twin Research and Human Genetics
Twin Research and Human Genetics
The Wisconsin Twin Project comprises multiple longitudinal studies that span infancy to early adu... more The Wisconsin Twin Project comprises multiple longitudinal studies that span infancy to early adulthood. We summarize recent papers that show how twin designs with deep phenotyping, including biological measures, can inform questions about phenotypic structure, etiology, comorbidity, heterogeneity, and gene–environment interplay of temperamental constructs and mental and physical health conditions of children and adolescents. The general framework for investigations begins with rich characterization of early temperament and follows with study of experiences and exposures across childhood and adolescence. Many studies incorporate neuroimaging and hormone assays.
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Papers by Elizabeth Planalp