Huge quantities of cargo are handled, stored and processed annually in the world's ports. It is c... more Huge quantities of cargo are handled, stored and processed annually in the world's ports. It is clear that ports play an important role in the development of the economy and society around the world. However, port operations on both the sea and the land side are also having negative effects, which in today's environmentally sensitive society are becoming an increasing problem. Therefore, port authorities and operators need to look for solutions to reduce these negative effects, while maintaining or even increasing a port's competitiveness. This is not an easy task, as ports differ from each other in many ways, and the ability to implement certain solutions, and the effectiveness of selected solutions, can vary significantly between them. In this article, the authors focus on the problem of air emissions from port operations. They address all the sources of port air emissions, and verify the effectiveness of selected air emission mitigation measures in smaller cargo ports. Efficacy examples of selected measures are shown in the case of the Port of Koper, the only Slovenian cargo port in the north Adriatic, which handled almost 23 million tonnes of cargo in 2019.
When it comes to analyzing cruise port performance, port operators have a challenging task becaus... more When it comes to analyzing cruise port performance, port operators have a challenging task because there are no widely accepted or well-known procedures for evaluating cruise port performance. Any performance measures used by port authorities are rough and only offer an approximation of the terminal’s operational performance. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a multi-criteria assessment model to assist port authorities in evaluating cruise port performance from a multidisciplinary perspective. We investigated the compatibility and utility of combining the AHP and TOPSIS methods in a proposed MCDA model for assessing cruise port performance. The AHP method was used to provide the weights of port performance indicators, and the TOPSIS method was used to assess the port performance and to create a rank list of ports. A case study involving four Mediterranean cruise ports, Barcelona, Piraeus, Civitavecchia, and Marseille, was used to show the model’s application. The ...
This paper analyses changes of berth infrastructure and suprastructure by global container termin... more This paper analyses changes of berth infrastructure and suprastructure by global container terminals (CTs) and by four eastern Adriatic ports in the last decade. The emphasis is on understanding whether CTs at Koper, Trieste, Rijeka and Bar achieved higher berth utilisation and productivity per ship-to-shore (STS) crane and if so, how and whether their development is in line with the global trend in CT berth productivity. On this basis a comparison model of twenty selected global CTs is used for productivity comparison as a first step in the process of analysing subsystem productivity. The study shows that four eastern Adriatic ports made different decisions, but with the same goals in reaction to the increased flow of containers via the Adriatic Sea transport route. Their main goal was to increase berth productivity by controlling the eventual subsystem overcapacity. According to observations, the Port of Koper is running at the subsystem’s upper level, while CTs in Trieste, Rijeka...
The global container transport saw an increase of 8 to 10% on a yearly basis and reached over 601... more The global container transport saw an increase of 8 to 10% on a yearly basis and reached over 601.8 million TEU in 2012. The growth was stopped in 2008 when the global financial and economic recession started to have a full effect on ports and the maritime industry. The ports in the North Adriatic did not follow the average increase of container transport in the last 20 years; they had an increase of 7% on a yearly basis and the decline in container transport in these ports in the years 2008 to 2009 was minimal. In this condition the fastest growth of container throughput was recorded at the Port of Koper, at an average of 14% per year, and reached 600.441 TEU in the year 2013. The growth of container transport in the Port of Koper as well as the beginning of construction on the new container terminal has made the reconstruction and extension of the current container terminal an absolute priority. The extension is in line with the estimated growth of traffic as well as with the expl...
Changes in world trade over approximately the last decade have included the significant expansion... more Changes in world trade over approximately the last decade have included the significant expansion of container traffic flows into Europe. The largest ports of Europe are well known-Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp, etc.-but there are also a large number of thriving medium and small sized ports, and not without impact are those of the northern Adriatic (NA), which we will analyse in this paper, examining the container flows and market characteristics, market shares in general and throughput in regard to these ports. Sažetak Svjetska trgovina se mijenja u zadnjem desetljeću, a tijekovi kontejnerskog prometa orjentirani su prema različitim dijelovima europskog kontinenta. Europski kontejnerski lučki sustav nije homogeni set luka. On se temelji na sedam velikih luka (Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerpen...) i na mnogo srednjih i malih luka. U ovu kategoriju spadaju također i luke Sjevernog Jadrana (NA), a u ovom radu analizirali smo tijek prometa kontejnera i teret koji je prošao ovim lukama. U radu iznosimo stanje u lukama Sjevernog Jadrana koje se odnosi na kontejnere, dionice na tržištu, ali i značajke kontejnerskog tržišta.
Pomorstvo: Scientific Journal of Maritime Research, 2013
SUMMARY The ports Rijeka, Koper, Trieste, Venice and Ravenna are ports of the North Adriatic mult... more SUMMARY The ports Rijeka, Koper, Trieste, Venice and Ravenna are ports of the North Adriatic multiport gateway region (NA). They have a good geographical location and modern container terminals, but this multiport gateway region has been facing lower rates of container throughput than the rest of the multiport gateway regions in Europe. The paper aims at providing an overview of the dynamics of competition among the NA ports – Koper, Trieste, Venice, Ravenna, Rijeka – and at analysing the throughput in this ports in the last twenty years. Based on these numbers, a simple but efficient model to forecast the possibility of growth or fall of traffic in the next year has been found.
Road traffic accident is an accident on a public road in which at least one moving vehicle has be... more Road traffic accident is an accident on a public road in which at least one moving vehicle has been involved and material damage or injury or death has occurred. Traffic accidents occur for various reasons, with one of them being the transport infrastructure and next the condition of traffic environment. Motorways are considered to be the safest roads, which have initially been planned as dedicated roads intended to be travelled only by personal cars, but the evolution of modal split of freight transport in Europe is causing the heterogeneity of traffic flows on these roads, which consequently affects the traffic safety. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of changing volume and structure of traffic flows on road safety on Slovenian motorways. After the exhaustive analysis of past data, the paper provides different models for forecasting traffic safety on Slovenian motorways.
The management of a container terminal is a complex process that involves many decisions. Among t... more The management of a container terminal is a complex process that involves many decisions. Among the problems to be solved, there are the spatial allocation of containers on the terminal yard, allocation of ships to berths and cranes, scheduling priorities and operations in order to maximize performances based on some economic indicators. Since the container port facilities are very expensive, it is desirable to optimize their performance, making better management decisions. This paper wants to present the contribution of the simulation and optimization techniques with the aim of improving the cooperation between different types of equipments, increasing the productivity of the terminal and helping in minimizing costs. In particular, the Petri net is used to present berth operations, and the genetic algorithm is used for scheduling container loading/unloading operations by cranes in order to minimize the maximum time it takes to serve a given set of vessels. KEYWORDS: transportation,...
This paper gives ship traffic modeling and performance evaluation in container port. The basic ap... more This paper gives ship traffic modeling and performance evaluation in container port. The basic approach used analytical and simulation models. These models are developed for impact analysis of the ship traffic and patterns of arrival ships at terminal performance. Results from both models are compared with each other. Both the simulation and analytical models were applied to evaluate the efficiency of PECT.
The article describes a proposed planning organization and productivity simulation tool, with a s... more The article describes a proposed planning organization and productivity simulation tool, with a special emphasis on orientations to the optimization of operations in a maritime container terminal. With the application of an adequate model frame for traffic and technical‐technologic forecasting, infrastructure and manpower planning and productivity simulation are possible to measure and increase the productivity in the whole subsystem of the maritime container terminal. The emphasis is mainly put on setting up planning organization in order to collect important information and consequently to raise productivity. This is the main task and goal of terminal management that must develop elements and strategies for optimal operational and financial production. An adequate planning structure must use simplified but efficient simulation tools enabling owners and management to take a vast number of adequate financial and operational decisions. Considering all important and very dynamic facts...
The importance of ports for economies worldwide is undeniable, but at the same time ports cause n... more The importance of ports for economies worldwide is undeniable, but at the same time ports cause negative externalities. This is particularly problematic when ports are located close to urban areas. Port management must therefore try to mitigate these effects and at the same time ensure the economic prosperity of ports. This development concept is known as green growth. In order to promote green growth, and in particular to achieve a reduction in air emissions, ports can apply equipment, energy or operational measures. The authors present the economic feasibility of different air emissions reduction measures on the case of port of Koper.
Development possibilities of short sea shipping in Slovenia
The article presents the possibilities of the port of Koper to promote the motorways of the sea i... more The article presents the possibilities of the port of Koper to promote the motorways of the sea in short sea shipping and compare them with the possibilities of the other ports in the east coast of Adriatic Sea. There are presented the advantages and disadvantages of the establishment of the motorways of the sea for all the transport system in the Republic Slovenia.
Tarife U Funkciji Uspješnosti Poslovanja Pomorskih Brodara
Pomorsko brodarstvo je djelatnost koja posluje na turbulentnome, redovito, međunarodnom pomorskom... more Pomorsko brodarstvo je djelatnost koja posluje na turbulentnome, redovito, međunarodnom pomorskom tržistu, koje je dinamicno i brzo promjenljivo jer je pod utjecajem brojnih ekonomskih, politickih, socijalnih, ekoloskih i drugih cimbenika. Djelatnost koja postoji vec stoljecima danas je sve strože regulirana i kontrolirana, i dostizanje uspjesnoga ili cak optimalnog poslovanja zahtjevna je zadaca, koja iziskuje brojna znanja, spretnosti i iskustva. U doba kad postoje brojni brodari kojih je poslovanje dijelom, ali zasigurno ne u cijelosti, okarakterizirano stanjem na tržistu, pa iskacu oni uspjesniji, oni koji znaju i u stanju su aplicirati razlicite tarife: proporcionalne, degresivne, progresivne ili preferencijalne, a da istodobno negube komitente, vec da ih u jakoj konkurenciji dobivaju sve vise i pri tome postižu sve veci profit. To, zapravo, znaci da im utvrđene tarife istodobno pokrivaju sve interne i eksterne troskove poslovanja, a u njima postavljeni uvjeti stite brodara, i ...
Influence of Container Ship Capacity on Terminal Operations in Smaller Container Ports
Nowadays container terminals represent a key part of ports, tasked with providing efficient, rapi... more Nowadays container terminals represent a key part of ports, tasked with providing efficient, rapid, and reliable manipulation of container units. On the other hand, rapidly increasing international trade has led to the construction of ever larger container ships. Due to the problems that arise in the ports that accept large ships, the authors created a model which makes it easier for the ports to prepare themselves for the reception of these larger container vessels. The model consists of six subsystems which are related to the sea, coast and storage areas. The connection between them is strong, as their characteristics interact with one another. The model was tested on the port of Koper and has proved to be reliable. Because of its generality it is also suitable for use in other smaller ports that in the future want to increase the capacity of existing container terminals.
Assessment of Cooperation and Competition Among Container Ports in the Northern Adriatic
In this article, we analysed container throughput in Northern Adriatic ports (NAPs) in period 199... more In this article, we analysed container throughput in Northern Adriatic ports (NAPs) in period 1990–2015. Along with well-known market indices method, we also discussed a simple two-state Markov chain model for qualitative forecasting of containers throughput evaluation, and the Lotka-Volterra dynamical model to identify possible competition/cooperation relationships between NAPs. In the end is given a comparison of throughput dynamics of NAPs and ports in Le Havre – Hamburg region.
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Papers by Elen Twrdy