Poultry farming plays a crucial role in the livestock economy of Bangladesh. This study aimed to ... more Poultry farming plays a crucial role in the livestock economy of Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of diseases and the commonly used drugs in poultry species in Jamalpur, Bangladesh. A total of 233 poultry cases were examined at the Jamalpur District Veterinary Hospital from September to December 2023. Diagnosis was based on a combination of clinical history, signs, and necropsy findings. Commonly used drugs for treatment purposes were also recorded, and all data were analyzed using standard statistical tools. Among broiler birds, the following diseases were identified, including Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) (18.60%), Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) (10.46%), Newcastle Disease (ND) (6%), Lymphoproliferative Disease (2.32%), Colibacillosis (13%), Salmonellosis (8.13%), Coccidiosis (11.62%), Visceral Gout (16.27%), and mixed infections (14%). In layer birds, the recorded diseases included ND (19.70%), Mycoplasmosis (13.63%), Colibacillosis (12.12%), Fowl Cholera (10.60%), Marek's Disease (9.10%), Stroke Syndrome (7.57%), IBH (6%), Fowl Typhoid (4.54%), and mixed infections (7.57%). In Sonali chickens, ND (30%), Coccidiosis (26.26%), Mycoplasmosis (13.33%), Salmonellosis, and Colibacillosis were equally prevalent (10%). In Desi chickens, Coccidiosis (36.36%) and Ascites (9.09%) were recorded, while Duck Cholera (43.75%) and Duck Viral Hepatitis (25%) were observed in ducks. Salmonellosis was found in 40% of pigeons. Regarding age, the susceptibility to infection was as follows: broilers (above 22 days) 30.23%, Sonali (above 50 days) 33%, adult layers (19-52 weeks) 45.45%, Desi chickens (0-8 weeks) 32%, and both young and adult ducks were equally susceptible (31.25%). The most commonly used drug was ciprofloxacin (23%), followed by gentamicin (15%), sulfonamide (14%), enrofloxacin (13%), macrolides (12%), and toltrazuril (5%). Viral diseases were more prevalent in broiler and Sonali birds, while bacterial infections were common in layers and ducks. Protozoal diseases were prevalent in Desi chickens, pigeons, and turkeys. A comprehensive study is needed to identify poultry diseases based on seasonal patterns, as well as to investigate common drug efficacy and resistance patterns. This would help improve treatment protocols and raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Temperature and humidity play a crucial role in shaping the feed and water intake as well as mort... more Temperature and humidity play a crucial role in shaping the feed and water intake as well as mortality rates of layer chickens. This study examined the influence of these environmental factors on chicken survival in commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh, using data collected from two commercial layer farms over multiple years (2017-2020) and across different chicken strains. Variations in temperature and humidity were monitored in sheds L2, L3, and L4 at PHL, and L1 to L7 at DEL. The data were analyzed to calculate mean values and correlations among temperature, humidity, feed and water intake, and mortality rates. The results showed that elevated internal and external temperatures, combined with high humidity levels in sheds, were associated with increased water and feed intake as well as higher mortality rates among layer birds. A statistically significant difference was observed in shed L1 of DEL in 2020 (P = 0.0006), where significant correlations among the variables were also identified. Specifically, at PHL, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.61) between internal temperature and mortality suggested that higher internal temperatures contributed to bird deaths due to heat stress. In contrast, at DEL, internal temperature exhibited only a weak positive correlation (r = 0.29) with mortality, implying that while heat stress played a role, it may not have been the dominant factor. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining optimal environmental conditions in controlled housing systems to safeguard the health, welfare, and productivity of layer chickens. The study also provides practical guidance for farmers and policymakers to implement improved environmental management strategies aimed at enhancing poultry production efficiency and minimizing economic losses in Bangladesh.
Computer vision (CV) is rapidly transforming agricultural practices by enabling automated percept... more Computer vision (CV) is rapidly transforming agricultural practices by enabling automated perception across various scales, from organ-level features in greenhouses to field-scale crop monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Recent studies have demonstrated effective object detection for weeds, fruits, and plant organs, along with high-throughput plant phenotyping and integrated perception-action loops in robotic systems (
Demographically Bangladesh is a country of 180 million populations. The intensification of poultr... more Demographically Bangladesh is a country of 180 million populations. The intensification of poultry farming in Bangladesh has contributed significantly to food security, employment and economic development . However, the widespread use of antibiotics as growth promoters and disease preventives has led to a dual crisis, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (
Osteoporosis is a silent, progressive skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength,... more Osteoporosis is a silent, progressive skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures, particularly among aging populations. This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months from June to December 2018 in the Tatibazar area of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess bone health using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and estimate fracture risk through the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). A total of 188 conveniently selected participants aged 40 years and older underwent BMD screening with QUS. The FRAX tool, a validated clinical prediction model, was used to calculate the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) and hip fractures (HF) based on clinical risk factors, with and without BMD input. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 31.4% and 11.2%, respectively. Age group (P < 0.001), BMI (P = 0.013), and smoking (P = 0.019) were significantly associated with lower T-scores. According to FRAX with BMD, 5.3% of participants had a moderate to high risk of MOF, and 12.2% had a high risk of HF. Age, prior fracture, glucocorticoid use, and rheumatoid arthritis were significantly linked to MOF risk; age, BMI, smoking, glucocorticoid use, and rheumatoid arthritis were linked to HF risk. The findings highlight a high burden of reduced bone mass and fracture risk in the urban aging population of Dhaka. These results emphasize the need for early diagnosis and preventive strategies, especially in resource-limited settings. Further studies are required to validate the effectiveness of QUS and FRAX as population-level screening tools in Bangladesh.
Escherichia coli is a major foodborne pathogen that plays a critical role in the onset of gastroi... more Escherichia coli is a major foodborne pathogen that plays a critical role in the onset of gastrointestinal illnesses, especially hemorrhagic diarrhea. This bacterium is frequently transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Its impact is particularly concerning in low- and mid-income countries, where inadequate sanitation, restricted access to clean water, and poor food safety standards contribute to its widespread occurrence. This research focused on identifying E. coli strains and analyzing their antibiotic resistance profiles from broiler meat samples collected across different locations in the Mymensingh district between January and July 2020. A total of 100 broiler meat samples were gathered and subjected to standard microbiological techniques for E. coli detection, including selective culturing, Gram staining, latex agglutination, and PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains was assessed using the disk diffusion technique. Results showed that E. coli was detected in 49 out of 100 analyzed samples, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 49%. The 95% confidence interval for this estimate ranged from 39.42% to 58.65%, with a P-value of 0.4908. Among these, 7% were identified as the O157:H7 serotype (7/100; 95% CI: 2.86–13.89; P=0.1495), while 42% were non-O157:H7 strains (42/100; 95% CI: 32.80–51.79; P=0.4543). Analysis of the O157:H7 isolates showed complete resistance to erythromycin (100%), with a majority also resistant to amoxicillin (83.33%). However, high sensitivity was observed for ceftriaxone (85.71%), followed by ciprofloxacin (50.00%) and streptomycin (45.24%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 48.98% of the E. coli isolates (24/49; 95% CI: 35.58–62.53), which were found to exhibit eight different resistance profiles, including four MDR patterns. The predominant resistance pattern identified among the isolates was AMX-S-TE, observed in 20.41% of cases (10 out of 49 isolates). Additionally, four isolates exhibited resistance to four different antibiotics representing four distinct antimicrobial classes—specifically amoxicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin (AMX-TET-ER-GEN). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index among the isolates varied between 0.13 and 0.50. These findings underscore the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in broiler meat, indicating a possible pathway for the transmission of resistance genes to humans via the food chain.
Probiotic-based food items are functional foods that offer health benefits to the host. This stud... more Probiotic-based food items are functional foods that offer health benefits to the host. This study aimed to develop probiotic products-apple juice, orange juice, and UHT milk-by incorporating locally identified bacterial strains as mediums for probiotic consumption. The hypothesis was that microencapsulation would enhance probiotic viability during storage. Probiotic microorganisms (Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidilactici) were microencapsulated using chitosan and a 2% sodium alginate solution via extrusion from July 2018 to December 2022 in the laboratory of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline of Khulna University, Bangladesh. Both free (non-encapsulated) and microencapsulated strains were used to inoculate laboratory-prepared apple juice, orange juice, and UHT milk. These products were stored at room temperature and 4 °C for four weeks and monitored for chemical (pH) and microbiological changes. By day 28, the pH of apple juice, orange juice, and UHT milk inoculated with encapsulated probiotic organisms remained higher than in those with free probiotics. The pH of products stored at room temperature declined more than those stored at 4 °C over the 28-day period. Overall, microencapsulated probiotic bacteria outlived the free probiotic bacteria across all storage conditions. Free probiotic bacteria remained viable up to 7 days at room temperature and 14 days at 4 °C, while microencapsulated bacteria remained viable up to 14 days at room temperature and 28 days at 4 °C. Among the products, UHT milk supported the highest viability of probiotic bacteria during storage at both temperatures. Between juices, apple juice showed slightly better bacterial survival than orange juice. The results confirm that microencapsulation enhances probiotic viability during storage. These findings support the development of functional probiotic beverages from apple juice, orange juice, and UHT milk using native strains, offering practical implications for improving public health through non-dairy probiotic delivery systems.
Adult butterflies lay their eggs on specific larval host plants, which serve as food for caterpil... more Adult butterflies lay their eggs on specific larval host plants, which serve as food for caterpillars after hatching. This study, conducted between January 2023 and June 2024, aimed to compile a checklist and assess the spatial distribution of butterfly larval host plants within the semi-natural campus of Jahangirnagar University (JU), Bangladesh. The research identified 107 plant species from 37 families as larval hosts for 72 butterfly species. The study area was divided into 10 sites, focusing mainly on the distribution of 12 key larval host plants due to their ecological significance and extensive use by butterflies. These key plants included Capparis zeylanica, Citrus aurantiifolia, Butea monosperma, Oryza sativa, Cassia fistula, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Calotropis gigantea, Ziziphus oenopolia, Senna tora, Polyalthia longifolia, Mimosa pudica, and Delonix regia. The findings revealed that butterflies predominantly utilized plants from the Caesalpiniaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, and Apocynaceae families as larval hosts. These results are crucial for developing effective conservation strategies for butterflies in Bangladesh, including on the JU campus. By identifying key host plants and their distribution, the study underscores the importance of habitat restoration and the protection of native species to support butterfly populations in both natural and urban areas.
In Bangladesh, excessive and haphazard antibiotic use is frequently observed in the poultry indus... more In Bangladesh, excessive and haphazard antibiotic use is frequently observed in the poultry industry, which is a global issue in terms of antibiotic residue and resistance. This study aimed to detect ciprofloxacin residues in edible tissues and assess their impact on broilers' hematological and major enzymatic parameters. Thirty-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were used to examine the effects of controlled and uncontrolled ciprofloxacin usage during the period from June to December 2021 at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU). On the 14 th day, the chicks were randomly assigned to control, discriminate, and indiscriminate antibiotic groups. Treatment commenced from day 14, with the discriminate group receiving ciprofloxacin at 100 mg/L in drinking water for 7 days followed by a 7-day withdrawal period. Conversely, the indiscriminate group received ciprofloxacin at the same concentration for 14 days without any withdrawal period. Daily body weights of the broiler were recorded. On day 14, the body weights across all groups showed no significant differences, but by day 28, the indiscriminate group exhibited a significantly higher mean body weight (1601.43±15.50 g). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed the presence of ciprofloxacin residues in all samples from the indiscriminate group, while no residues were detected in the control group. In the discriminate group, residues were found in 2 liver samples, 3 kidney samples, 1 spleen sample, and 1 breast muscle sample, but not in thigh muscle samples. Hematological analysis indicated significant differences in total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) among the groups, with no significant differences in packed cell volume (PCV). Enzymatic analysis of blood serum for ALT and AST showed no substantial changes between treated and control birds. Therefore, the controlled use of ciprofloxacin in the poultry sector is crucial to safeguard human health.
Epigenetic changes are increasingly acknowledged as crucial factors in the beginning of both bloo... more Epigenetic changes are increasingly acknowledged as crucial factors in the beginning of both blood cancers and solid tumors. These amendments, such as DNA methylation and histone changes, influence gene expression and cellular activities without altering the fundamental DNA sequence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in cancer pathogenesis, with a focus on their potential applications as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies on epigenetic alterations in cancer, emphasizing their mechanistic roles in tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, and tumor heterogeneity. Relevant studies were chosen for their focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and their clinical significance. This review highlights the frequent occurrence of tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation and oncogene hypomethylation across various cancers. Additionally, changes in histone modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, can alter chromatin configuration and play a significant role in the emergence of oncogenic characteristics. The crosstalk between these epigenetic mechanisms contributes to the reprogramming of the cancer epigenome, driving tumor heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic alterations in cancer provides new opportunities for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. Epigenetic biomarkers hold promise for early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies. This review underscores the importance of epigenetic research in oncology, offering insights into novel therapeutic targets and strategies. It also highlights the need for further studies to translate these findings into clinical applications, ultimately reshaping cancer treatment paradigms.
Aquaponics, an integrated system combining hydroponics and aquaculture, has the potential to serv... more Aquaponics, an integrated system combining hydroponics and aquaculture, has the potential to serve as a sustainable food production method. This study was conducted over 45 days, from July 1, 2019, to August 15, 2019, in Doshaid, a peri-urban area of Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, to evaluate the comparative productivity of different aquaponics systems and traditional agriculture. The study assessed the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and vegetable production in deep water commercial aquaponics, deep-water small-scale aquaponics, and media bed aquaponics, comparing these systems with conventional farming. Additionally, water quality parameters and the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of the three aquaponics systems were analyzed in comparison to traditional agriculture. Juvenile tilapia, with an initial size of 8.12 ± 1.11 cm and 20.22 ± 0.30 g in deep water commercial aquaponics, 8.15 ± 0.12 cm and 20.35 ± 0.13 g in deep water smallscale aquaponics, and 8.16 ± 0.13 cm and 20.45 ± 0.14 g in media bed aquaponics, were stocked at a density of 100 fish/m³. The fish were fed a commercial floating pellet diet at 5% of their body weight. The highest survival rate and total fish production were observed in deep water commercial aquaponics (90.12 ± 1.40% survival, 7.40 ± 0.10 kg/m³ over 45 days), followed by deep water small-scale aquaponics (85.23 ± 2.15% survival, 6.20 ± 0.10 kg/m³), and media bed aquaponics (80.14 ± 1.40% survival, 5.40 ± 0.10 kg/m³). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of tilapia was recorded as 1.20 ± 0.15, 1.30 ± 0.12, and 1.40 ± 0.12 for the three systems, respectively. Water spinach yield varied across treatments, with average yields of 1.51 ± 1.12 kg/m², 1.31 ± 1.15 kg/m², 1.65 ± 1.05 kg/m², and 1.80 ± 1.05 kg/m² for different stocking densities (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4). The highest vegetable yield was recorded in T 4. Additionally, better gross return, net return, and BCR were observed in T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 , respectively. These findings suggest that aquaponics, particularly when optimized for stocking density and sustainability, can outperform traditional aquaculture systems in terms of fish production. Aquaponics thus represents a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional aquaculture and agriculture.
Antibiotic therapy is essential in human and veterinary medicine, but resistance and prolonged ex... more Antibiotic therapy is essential in human and veterinary medicine, but resistance and prolonged exposure to antibiotic residues pose significant risks to health. This study investigated the long-term effects of amoxicillin residue on Swiss Albino male mice. Mice (n=20) were divided into control (no antibiotics) and treated (amoxicillin at the rate of 10 ppm in drinking water for one year; MRL 0.01 ppm) groups. Body weight, physical condition, immune status, blood parameters, ALT and AST enzyme levels, histopathology and residue accumulation in organs was examined. Antibiotics-treated mice exhibited significant weight gain (P<0.05~0.01) from the third month, peaking in the 10th month before declining. Treated mice appeared robust yet lethargic. Blood analysis showed decreased lymphocyte and neutrophil count and while no significant changes were observed in monocyte, eosinophil and basophils counts. ALT and AST levels were elevated but not statistically significant. Histopathology revealed liver steatosis, glomerular atrophy, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and kidneys. TLC analysis confirmed Amoxicillin residue accumulation in the liver, kidneys, spleen, intestine, and muscles. The findings suggest that long-term exposure to antibiotic residues may adversely affect health and highlight the need for controlled antibiotic use to prevent potential hazards.
Campylobacter, one of the four key causes of diarrheal diseases of humans, is a zoonotic bacteria... more Campylobacter, one of the four key causes of diarrheal diseases of humans, is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen commonly found in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. As the number of crossbred cattle steadily increases in Bangladesh through intensified livestock production to fulfill the demand of animal-source protein, the risk of pathogenic Campylobacter transmission is likely to increase in humans and animals including the farm environment. The objective of this study was to confirm the risk pathways and estimate the likelihood of entry and exposure risks of Campylobacter for cattle in the farm holdings. Following OIE risk analysis guidelines and tools, we assessed the risk level of each pathway using secondary and field observation data used in expert opinion elicitation process to formulate and confirm the risk level and their combined risk. The probable risk nodes were combined to obtain the total risk level for each specific transmission pathway using the template adapted by Zepeda-Sein based upon expert opinions. The evaluations revealed that the risk of the entry and exposure of Campylobacter is medium with medium levels of uncertainty. Moreover, the consequence pathways showed high risk with low level of uncertainty. Finally, the overall risk for transmission was evaluated as medium with medium level of uncertainty. This study suggests that there is a significant risk of Campylobacter transmission which may spread in humans, animals and successfully maintain in the farm environments. Good animal husbandry practices along with personal hygiene and sanitation practices of animal attendants including their family members are needed to minimize the risk of Campylobacter transmission from farmed cattle to humans. The findings of this study could be useful for framing functional risk reduction measures at the low-resource settings using One Health approach considering human, animal and environmental health perspectives.
The escalating impacts of climate change are dismantling global food systems and intensifying pub... more The escalating impacts of climate change are dismantling global food systems and intensifying public health crises, with rising temperatures, erratic weather patterns, and extreme events destabilizing agriculture, deepening food insecurity, and amplifying health risks. Globally, over 900 million people are facing acute food insecurity, particularly in vulnerable regions, where livelihoods are becoming increasingly precarious . Catastrophic floods in South Asia and prolonged droughts in Africa exemplify the escalating challenges, exacerbating economic fragility and pushing communities closer to collapse . Beyond food insecurity, climate change causes a multifaceted public health crisis, with warmer temperatures and disrupted ecosystems accelerating zoonotic diseases, foodborne pathogens, and malnutrition, devastating fragile health systems . These risks are further compounded by expanding urbanization, intensive farming practices, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. Traditional adaptive responses have proven inadequate in addressing the scale and complexity of these interconnected challenges, necessitating transformative, integrative solutions like One Health and ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) to foster long-term resilience and stability. Climate change is destabilizing global agriculture, fracturing critical supply chains, and directly undermining food production. Disrupted planting cycles, reduced crop yields, and extreme weather events have exacerbated food insecurity, particularly in vulnerable regions. In Bangladesh, rising sea levels and increased salinization of arable land have severely impacted rice production while frequent floods disrupt livelihoods and damage infrastructure . Similarly, prolonged droughts in Sub-Saharan Africa threaten livestock and crop yields, intensifying hunger and poverty . Elevated CO 2 levels, compounded by anthropogenic pollutants, further degrade the nutritional quality of crops, disproportionately affecting children, pregnant women, and the elderly . Tackling these interconnected challenges necessitates integrating sustainable, climate-resilient agricultural practices with ecosystem restoration to enhance food system resilience and safeguard vulnerable populations. Ecosystem-based approaches provide a nature-centered solution to mitigate climate impacts and build resilience in food systems by leveraging natural processes like restoration, reforestation, and biodiversity conservation to address risks such as flooding, drought, and soil erosion . Examples include mangrove restoration protecting coastal farmland from storm surges and wetland conservation reducing flooding and improving water quality. Agricultural practices such as agroforestry, crop diversification, and integrated farming systems enhance ecosystem health, bolster biodiversity, and support sustainable food production. Innovations
Listeria monocytogenes is a potentially lethal foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a ... more Listeria monocytogenes is a potentially lethal foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a serious and often invasive multisystem disease. This pathogen can infect a wide range of host tissues, leading to various clinical outcomes, from febrile gastroenteritis to severe complications such as sepsis, meningitis, and spontaneous abortions. Recognized as a human pathogen for over 80 years, L. monocytogenes presents an increasing public health challenge, especially in light of rising use of immunosuppressive therapies for cancer and other conditions, which has intensified infection risk among vulnerable individuals and elevated listeriosis prevalence in communities. Additionally, shifts in consumer behavior, with reduced time spent on food preparation and greater reliance on ready-to-eat and convenience foods, have heightened exposure risks. Advances in food production and preservation technologies have led to extended shelf-life products, often associated with increased Listeria risk. Addressing L. monocytogenes requires collective efforts from consumers, public health authorities, and the food industry. For effective disease monitoring, health authorities must implement a robust screening program to detect listeriosis cases, alongside regular characterization of isolates from human, food, and environmental sources. Integrating these data into shared databases is essential for tracking the pathogen and enforcing preventive measures.
Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administe... more Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, have become a pivotal innovation in modern poultry farming . With the global poultry industry facing challenges such as antibiotic resistance, disease outbreaks, and consumer demand for healthier products, probiotics have emerged as a sustainable and effective solution . These dietary supplements are now integral to achieving optimal growth performance, robust immunity, and balanced gut microbiota in poultry production systems (
Veterinarians are integral to the global food safety framework, bridging the critical domains of ... more Veterinarians are integral to the global food safety framework, bridging the critical domains of animal health, food hygiene, and public health . Their contributions encompass a wide range of responsibilities, including zoonotic disease prevention, residue monitoring, antimicrobial resistance management, and the implementation of food safety innovations . With the global food system becoming increasingly complex and interconnected, veterinarians remain indispensable in safeguarding public health and ensuring food security . Additionally, veterinarians contribute to addressing the economic impacts of foodborne illnesses, which cost the global economy billions of dollars annually. The collaboration between WHO and FAO on food safety standards emphasizes the importance of veterinarians in maintaining public health globally . The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 600 million cases of foodborne illnesses occur annually, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide . Furthermore, zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis and avian influenza continue to pose substantial public health risks, highlighting the need for vigilant disease surveillance and control measures . Compounding these challenges is the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which the FAO describes as one of the most pressing health issues of our time . This editorial explores the critical roles veterinarians play in the global food safety landscape, focusing on their contributions to preventing zoonotic diseases, ensuring compliance with food safety standards, combating antimicrobial resistance, and fostering innovation in food safety practices. Zoonotic diseases, such as Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Listeria monocytogenes, remain major public health concerns globally. Veterinarians mitigate these risks through pre-slaughter (ante-mortem) and post-slaughter inspections, ensuring that pathogens do not enter the food chain (
Newcastle disease (ND) now seems endemic in commercial poultry industry of Bangladesh with contin... more Newcastle disease (ND) now seems endemic in commercial poultry industry of Bangladesh with continuous significant high prevalence and regular outbreaks. High morbidity, up to 100% mortality rate and high economic loss of ND makes it major constraints of poultry industries. We find out the prevalence of ND in dead, sick and apparently healthy poultry at Bogura district of Bangladesh. From July 2020 to June 2021, we observed a total of 500 birds including 31 sick and dead birds randomly from 10 commercial poultry farms of Bogura district. The prevalence was assessed through clinical observations and the documented history of individual birds. For pathological analysis, 31 samples from sick and deceased birds were collected, and detailed examinations of gross lesions and histopathological changes in the cecal tonsils and proventriculus were conducted. Wide ranges of clinical signs are observed in affected birds and it can be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathological studies. The prevalence of Newcastle disease was 14.20% in apparently healthy birds and 26.6% in sick and dead birds. ND prevalence increased in summer (56%) and decreased in rainy season (11.5%) and highest at the age group of (5-36) weeks of age. Grossly, numerous infected birds had lesions such as pinpoint hemorrhage on proventriculur gland, hemorrhage in the trachea, congested and consolidated lungs, buttonlike ulcers in the caeca, and hemorrhagic caecal tonsils. Microscopically, there was hemorrhage in the lamina propria associated with lymphatic nodules of the caecal tonsil, sloughing of glandular epithelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lumen of the proventriculur gland, congestion around the lobule of the proventriculus, and hyperemia on glandular epithelial cells of the proventriculur gland. This research revealed Newcastle disease remains endemic in Bangladesh's poultry industry, causing high prevalence, seasonal outbreaks, and severe economic losses.
Uploads
Papers by Ebu Press Ltd