E. Soetens

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Papers by E. Soetens

Interference control in Parkinson’s Disease and Freezing Of Gait

Cognitive correlates of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease

Differential influence of practice on sequential effects

Age influence on sequential effects in two-choice reaction time

Modeling the Interactions of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Guidance in Visual Attention

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

Voluntary and involuntary control over automatic processing in spatial congruency tasks: Editors' introduction

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2005

... Hommel &amp;amp;amp; Eglau, 1998). Finally, this view introduces attentional mechanisms i... more

Mechanisms of automatic and controlled sequential effects

Crew performance monitoring: Putting some feeling into it

Acta Astronautica, 2009

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:

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Sequential effects on speeded information processing: A developmental study

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2005

Two experiments were performed to assess age-related changes in sequential eVects on choice react... more Two experiments were performed to assess age-related changes in sequential eVects on choice reaction time (RT). Sequential eVects portray the inXuence of previous trials on the RT to the current stimulus. In Experiment 1, three age groups (7-9, 10-12, and 18-25 years) performed a spatially compatible choice task, with response-to-stimulus intervals (RSIs) of 50 and 500 ms varied between trial blocks. In Experiment 2, three age groups (7-9, 15-16, and 18-25 years) performed the task with spatial stimulus-response (S-R) mappings (compatible versus incompatible) varied between participants. For adults, the experiments yielded a pattern of sequential eVects suggestive of "automatic facilitation" (i.e., a Wrst-order repetition eVect and a higher order beneWt-only pattern for short RSIs) and "subjective expectancy" (i.e., a Wrst-order alternation eVect and a higher order cost-beneWt pattern for long RSIs). Automatic facilitation was more pronounced for incompatible responses than for compatible responses. Both experiments showed the anticipated decrease in automatic facilitation with advancing age. Finally, the Wrst-order alternation eVect showed the predicted age-related increase, but the cost-beneWt

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Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: disturbances in

Executive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: Freezing of gait associated with impaired conflict resolution

Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a cognitive profile

Modeling the Interactions of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Guidance in Visual Attention

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2008

We propose a framework of visual attention grounded on earlier attentional and perceptual models ... more We propose a framework of visual attention grounded on earlier attentional and perceptual models to serve as a basis for the development of computational vision systems. The framework is build on generally established knowledge about the neural basis of human attention, models developed by Briand [1][2], Itti and Koch [3][4], and Wolfe [5][6] and our own results that call for adaptations of the existing models [7][8]. In this paper we concentrate on the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes to understand the mechanisms underlying exogenous and endogenous attention. Two series of studies are reported to support the proposed adaptation of the earlier models. First, we claim that the visual feature binding is a common process for exogenous and endogenous attention [7]. Secondly, we demonstrate the ability to preset the bottom-up feature maps by demonstrating the phenomenon of Inhibition of Return (IOR) with endogenous cueing, suggesting that IOR affects processing before focu...

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Sustained suppression in congruency tasks

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2006

In a list version of the Stroop task, Thomas (1977) observed that Stroop interference was smaller... more In a list version of the Stroop task, Thomas (1977) observed that Stroop interference was smaller when the irrelevant word was repeated through parts of the list. MacLeod (1991) formulated the sustained-suppression hypothesis for this effect. It is assumed that the automatic response activation on the basis of the irrelevant word is selectively suppressed. In this paper this hypothesis is further investigated. In a serial Stroop task with short response-stimulus interval (RSI) we demonstrate that the Stroop effect disappears when the irrelevant word is repeated, whereas the Stroop effect is evident when the word changes. With a long RSI, there is no influence of the sequence of the irrelevant word. The same pattern of results is observed in a flanker task. The results are discussed in terms of the activation-suppression model (Ridderinkhof, 2002) and the sustained-suppression hypothesis.

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Psychophysiological investigation of vigilance decrement: Boredom or cognitive fatigue?

Physiology & Behavior, 2008

The vigilance decrement has been described as a slowing in reaction times or an increase in error... more The vigilance decrement has been described as a slowing in reaction times or an increase in error rates as an effect of time-on-task during tedious monitoring tasks. This decrement has been alternatively ascribed to either withdrawal of the supervisory attentional system, due to underarousal caused by the insufficient workload, or to a decreased attentional capacity and thus the impossibility to sustain mental effort. Furthermore, it has previously been reported that controlled processing is the locus of the vigilance decrement. This study aimed at answering three questions, to better define sustained attention. First, is endogenous attention more vulnerable to time-on-task than exogenous attention? Second, do measures of autonomic arousal provide evidence to support the underload vs overload hypothesis? And third, do these measures show a different effect for endogenous and exogenous attention? We applied a cued (valid vs invalid) conjunction search task, and ECG and respiration recordings were used to compute sympathetic (normalized low frequency power) and parasympathetic tone (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA). Behavioural results showed a dual effect of time-on-task: the usually described vigilance decrement, expressed as increased reaction times (RTs) after 30 min for both conditions; and a higher cost in RTs after invalid cues for the endogenous condition only, appearing after 60 min. Physiological results clearly support the underload hypothesis to subtend the vigilance decrement, since heart period and RSA increased over time-on-task. There was no physiological difference between the endogenous and exogenous conditions. Subjective experience of participants was more compatible with boredom than with high mental effort.

Amphetamine enhances human-memory consolidation

Neuroscience Letters, 1993

Although it is generally accepted that CNS stimulants have enhancing effects on long-term storage... more Although it is generally accepted that CNS stimulants have enhancing effects on long-term storage processes in laboratory animals, little is known about their influence on human learning. We report a series of experiments with free recall of lists of unrelated words, demonstrating a significant enhancement on long-term retention after amphetamine administration. A gradual increase of recall was observed up to 1 h after learning, remaining stable for at least 3 days, after oral administration before learning as well as intramuscular injection after learning. The results show that research on humans with drug-induced memory-enhancement techniques is necessary to supplement the animal studies for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in information consolidation.

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Localizing sequential effects in serial choice reaction time with the information reduction procedure

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1998

Patterns of sequential effects in serial 2-choice reaction-time tasks have been explained by 2 pr... more

Response monitoring and expectancy in random serial RT tasks

Acta Psychologica, 2005

Two different sequential patterns have been reported in serial reaction-time (RT) tasks with rand... more Two different sequential patterns have been reported in serial reaction-time (RT) tasks with random stimulus sequences, depending on the response-to-stimulus interval (RSI). When RSI is short a first-order repetition effect and a higher order benefit-only pattern are found, and when RSI is long a cost-benefit pattern is observed. In a series of three experiments, we found that the patterns are not unique for spatial dimensions, and that the benefit-only pattern does not appear for irrelevant stimulus features. The cost-benefit pattern, on the other hand, can shift to irrelevant locations, but not to irrelevant colour. Distributional analyses of the sequential effects demonstrate that the first-order repetition effect can be dissociated from the higher order effects. The results are interpreted as support for the role of response monitoring in the development of the benefit-only pattern at short RSI, while the first-order repetition effect is explained as repetition priming. With a long RSI, the cost-benefit pattern is confirmed as a low-level subjective expectancy process, which is primarily controlled by stimulus location. The data clearly strengthen the support for three different processes generating sequential effects in random serial RT tasks.

The influence of irrelevant stimulus changes on stimulus and response repetition effects

Acta Psychologica, 2003

In this study the influence of irrelevant stimulus changes from one trial to another in a serial ... more In this study the influence of irrelevant stimulus changes from one trial to another in a serial reaction time task was investigated. Two experiments were performed in which subjects were required to respond to stimulus colour. Four colours were mapped on two response keys, so that colour and response repetition effects could be dissociated. In Experiment 1, the irrelevant stimulus dimension was location and in Experiment 2 it was shape. Both experiments were performed with a short and a long response-stimulus interval (RSI)-condition. In both experiments, the irrelevant dimension influenced the response repetition effect but not the colour repetition effect. In the reaction times, a response alternation effect was observed only when the irrelevant location of the stimulus changed in the long RSI-condition. The error rates showed a response alternation benefit for both irrelevant dimensions, in the short and the long RSI-condition. The benefit for response alternations is explained in terms of a response bias towards change that is triggered by a changing stimulus feature. We assume that the response bias is stronger for location than for colour and that accuracy is more sensitive to this bias than response latencies.

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The interplay between implicit learning and cognitive control: An assessment of Stroop interference in implicit sequence learning

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

E. Soetens

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