Medicine and Diversity S tudents who are interested in medicine as a career and students who are ... more Medicine and Diversity S tudents who are interested in medicine as a career and students who are interested in pursuing science form a large, heterogeneous, and overlapping group. Programs designed to benefit any members of this group often can be beneficial to all. Three presentations at the conference described interventions that originated in a medical school or were aimed at medical students, but the lessons derived from these interventions can be applied much more widely. About 80 percent of underrepresented minorities who demonstrate intent to complete a STEM undergraduate degree fail to reach their goal, noted Marino De Leon, professor in the School of Medicine at Loma Linda University. Since 1998, De Leon and his research team have been studying different groups of students every year, trying to identify a component that can make a difference in attrition for students attending college. At Loma Linda, they have developed several programs: the High School Apprenticeship Bridge to College (ABC), the Undergraduate Research Health Disparities program (UTP), Medical Research Training Health Disparities (MTP), and the Initiative for Maximizing Student Diversity (IMSD). "The question we are addressing is how to improve the success of students into STEM careers along the academic continuum," he explained. Between 50 and 60 students participate in summer programs at Loma Linda every year, with older students serving as peer mentors for younger cohorts. Each group participates in a different level, but "the important thing is that we have these students interacting with each other," De Leon said. For
The social psychologist Kurt Lewin often said that there is nothing so practical as a good theory... more The social psychologist Kurt Lewin often said that there is nothing so practical as a good theory and nothing that so informs the development of a good theory as an understanding of practice. Martin M. Chemers of the University of California, Santa Cruz, used that advice to discuss the role of theory in the study of intervention programs. While intuition can be a valu able guide, he said, it cannot replace theory-based research. And a particu larly useful way to approach this research is through the concept known as self-efficacy. This concept holds that people are motivated to the degree that they be lieve that their effort will lead to the performance level and outcomes that are desired. They ask themselves the following questions: Can I do a particular task? If I do, will it lead to the outcomes that I expect? And how valuable are those outcomes to me? "This model of motivation provides a place to begin to understand why students choose programs, how hard they work in those programs, and why they leave programs," said Chemers. Taking the questions in reverse order, there are many influences that de termine whether a student values a particular set of outcomes. Among these are the values of the community where a student comes from, the importance of wealth in a career, the prestige of an occupation, family influences, a per son's personality (such as the need for achievement), and the views of peers. Several of these factors revolve around the importance of community. For example, one of Chemers' graduate students, Jamie Franco-Zamudio, recently completed a study of perseverance among graduate students and found that every woman and minority student who was successful in graduate school
We shall discuss some aspects of science and technology, their increasing role in the society, th... more We shall discuss some aspects of science and technology, their increasing role in the society, the fast advances in modern science, the apparent decrease of interest of the young generation in basic sciences, the importance of proper science popularization for better public education and awareness in scientific fields.
Astronomy Transformed: The Emergence of Radio Astronomy in Britain
Technology and Culture, Jul 1, 1978
142 Book Reviews the causes of its proper motion are more probably to be ascribed to some perturb... more 142 Book Reviews the causes of its proper motion are more probably to be ascribed to some perturbations arising from the proper motion of neighbouring stars or systems, than to be placed to the account of a periodical revolution round some imaginary distant centre' (p. 486; ...
Elementary and secondary education for science and engineering : a technical memorandum
... Science, Information, and Natural Resources Division Nancy Carson Science, Education, and Tra... more ... Science, Information, and Natural Resources Division Nancy Carson Science, Education, and Transportation Program Manager Daryl E. Chubin ... Board Louise Raphael National Science Foundation Mary Budd Rowe University of Florida James Rutherford American Association ...
Transition to Careers S tudents attending graduate school have made a commitment to pursuing care... more Transition to Careers S tudents attending graduate school have made a commitment to pursuing careers in their chosen field. But for underrepresented minorities, attrition continues to occur throughout graduate school and during critical career transitions. The six presentations summarized in this chapter examine interventions designed to reduce attrition and position young scientists to have productive and rewarding careers.
Rethinking science as a career : perceptions and realities in the physical sciences
Using non-random sampling from author-composed questionairres (pp. 130-138), some statistical ana... more Using non-random sampling from author-composed questionairres (pp. 130-138), some statistical analysis and anecdotal evidence (some from the Young Scientists Network), the authors present answers to questions of how to balance supply of and demand for scientifically trained ...
Book Reviews its future. Appendices include details of organization, international and national, ... more Book Reviews its future. Appendices include details of organization, international and national, its meetings and publications, and lists of recommended quantities, units and symbols. Population, natural resources, and ecology are of wide concern today, and this account of international cooperation gives some hope of a greater understanding and control of these vital factors in human welfare. JOHN ZIMAN, Theforce ofknowledge. The scientific dimension ofsociety, Cambridge
Having read Betrayers of the Truth and participated in a recent AAAS symposium* that featured a d... more Having read Betrayers of the Truth and participated in a recent AAAS symposium* that featured a debate between one of its authors (science journalist Nicholas Wade) and one of its critics (geneticist Norton Zinder), this review is a commentary shaped by some obsessive contemplation as well as first-hand observation. As my title suggests, it is easy to lose sight of content when distracted by form. In the book, William Broad and Nicholas Wade write with the bite but little of the charm of their journalistic predecessors at Science magazine, Daniel Greenberg and Philip Boffey. We are cajoled and hammered, never finessed. As I read the book, I wondered, “DO they really think they are revealing deep dark secrets about science? If so, why are they hollering?” Then it hit me: Perhaps they are convinced that whispers will not suffice, that only the Big Expose will attract the attention that the problem warrants. Moreover, they are not speaking only to scientists. They seek a wider audience.’ The authors’ mission, it seems, is to show the humanity-and especially the fallibility-of scientists. To this “science-watcher,” the authors *
The controversy over peer review is viewed as a dialectic. The arguments espoused by advocates an... more The controversy over peer review is viewed as a dialectic. The arguments espoused by advocates and critics of the system wherein research proposals are evaluated by advisors to funding agencies are reviewed, particularly the findings of two recent studies of peer review at the National Science Foundation These
Reculturing science: politics, policy, and promises to keep
Science & public policy, Feb 1, 1996
... Daryl E. Chubin, National Science Board Office, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22... more ... Daryl E. Chubin, National Science Board Office, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230. ... (Sommer, 1987) Most of all perhaps, the humanity of the scientist is yet to be associated with his work. And that is another, more pervasive problem. ...
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