Papers by Lorenzo Ciccarelli
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
This paper reports the methodology and results of the test campaign performed in the context of t... more This paper reports the methodology and results of the test campaign performed in the context of the development of the Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) ISO standard. LCEVC is a video coding technology that can be applied in conjunction to any other single-layer video coding technology to re-encode the residuals between the original video and its compressed representation. The first part of the paper describes the methodology for the verification tests: Requirements, Test Conditions, Test Sequences, Test Methods (Metrics); the second one reports the results of the objective and subjective tests carried out applying such methodology. The bitrate savings achieved with LCEVC when used in conjunction with four video codecs (AVC, HEVC, EVC, VVC) are reported.
Frontiers in Signal Processing
TV 3.0 is the next generation digital broadcasting system developed in Brazil by the SBTVD Forum.... more TV 3.0 is the next generation digital broadcasting system developed in Brazil by the SBTVD Forum. The ambition of TV 3.0 is significantly higher than that of previous generations as it targets the delivery of IP based signals for applications, such as 8K, HDR, virtual and augmented reality, video enhancement and scalability. To deliver such services, more advanced and flexible compression technologies are required. MPEG-5 Part 2 Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) is a new video coding standard which works in combination with a separate video standard (e.g., H.264/AVC [H.264/AVC], H.265/HEVC [H.265/HEVC], H.266/VVC [H.266/VVC], AV1 [AV1]) to enhance the quality of a video. In the typical scenario, the enhanced quality is provided in terms of a higher resolution video obtained by adding details coded through an enhancement layer to a lower resolution version of the same video coded through a base layer. The LCEVC format also provides the ability to signal the bit-depth of...
MPEG-5 part 2: Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC): Overview and performance evaluation
Applications of Digital Image Processing XLIII, 2020
Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) is a new MPEG video codec, currently undergoing s... more Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) is a new MPEG video codec, currently undergoing standardization as MPEG-5 Part 2. Rather than being another video codec, LCEVC enhances any other codec (e.g. AVC, VP9, HEVC, AV1, EVC or VVC) to produce a reduced computational load and a compression efficiency higher than what is achievable by the enhanced codec used alone for a given resolution, especially at video delivery relevant bitrates. The core idea is to use a conventional video codec as a base codec at a lower resolution and reconstruct a full resolution video by combining the decoded low-resolution video with up to two enhancement sub-layers of residuals encoded with specialized low-complexity coding tools.
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
The Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) specification is a recent standard approved b... more The Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding (LCEVC) specification is a recent standard approved by the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG04 (MPEG) Video Coding. The main goal of LCEVC is to provide a standalone toolset for the enhancement of any other existing codec. It works on top of other coding schemes, resulting in a multi-layer video coding technology, but unlike existing scalable video codecs, adds enhancement layers completely independent from the base video. The LCEVC technology takes as input the decoded video at lower resolution and adds up to two enhancement sub-layers of residuals encoded with specialized low-complexity coding tools, such as simple temporal prediction, frequency transform, quantization, and entropy encoding. This paper provides an overview of the main features of the LCEVC standard: high compression efficiency, low complexity, minimized requirements of memory and processing power.
IEEE MultiMedia
This article provides a detailed outlook to future video applications of the recently published M... more This article provides a detailed outlook to future video applications of the recently published MPEG-5 LCEVC standard, while especially focusing on HDR, 8K-resolution, Immersive video, XR and Metaverse applications. Since LCEVC is codec-agnostic and is deployed as an "enhancer", it provides a variety of benefits including visual quality improvements, end-to-end complexity reduction, bit-depth extensions, and many others. The LCEVC popularity is significantly increasing, and this article is intended to provide readers with a detailed guidance for efficient and practical LCEVC deployment. In 2021, the newest MPEG standard was published as MPEG-5 low complexity enhancement video coding (LCEVC). Contrary to typical video codecs, LCEVC is an enhancement codec, meaning it works in combination with other codecs, to produce a more efficiently compressed video. Thanks to its simplified architecture, it is designed to be deployed as a software enhancer, which uses hardware blocks more efficiently. Despite being relatively new, it has already been adopted for a major next-gen television system (TV 3.0 in Brazil) and is being deployed across a full spectrum of applications, from broadcast to broadband. In this article we are focusing on future applications of LCEVC, from high dynamic range, 8K, and immersive video to metaverse, explaining how this new standard can make a positive impact on these applications.
Chaotic encryption of H.263+ video signals
Modified twofish algorithm for increasing security and efficiency in the encryption of video signals
Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429)
A new encryption system is presented for compressed video signals. It employs the Twofish algorit... more A new encryption system is presented for compressed video signals. It employs the Twofish algorithm, recently proposed for standardization purposes, as the core cipher but, through simple modifications, it permits to achieve the very high security levels promised by the standard with reduced overhead and processing time. So the new method is particularly adapted for bandwidth limited applications operating in
Performance evaluation of error concealment techniques in H. 264 video coding
International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, 2009
On the efflciency of error concealment techniques in H.264/AVC coders
47th International Symposium ELMAR, 2005., 2005
In videoconferencing and video telephony applications operating in real time, a fluent transmissi... more In videoconferencing and video telephony applications operating in real time, a fluent transmission, even presenting visible errors, is often preferred over a correct but jerking transmission. This is the reason why error concealment techniques are adopted, within video codecs, to recover the transmission quality without affecting its fluency. In the framework of motion estimation based video codecs, like H.263 and H.264, error resilience facilities are made available in order to mitigate the effects of information loss during transmissions on packet networks. In this paper we focus on the adoption of error concealment techniques in H.264/AVC video coding, providing examples of both objective and subjective performance evaluation, when different algorithms are implemented at the decoder. Besides evaluating the hybrid concealment scheme already foreseen by the standard implementation, we also present a simple "pure temporal" replacement technique, which could be interesting for its good performance combined with a very low impact on the overall processing time
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2003
We present a new encryption algorithm for the video signal that, employing suitably arranged chao... more We present a new encryption algorithm for the video signal that, employing suitably arranged chaotic functions, allows to increase the security level while maintaining acceptable processing times. We analyze the performance of the new scheme either though simulation or via practical implementation, thus demonstrating its efftciency, also in comparison with previous proposals.
Proceedings of the 1st Mile-High Video Conference, 2022
High Dynamic Range (HDR) video content is continuing to gain market relevance for both streaming ... more High Dynamic Range (HDR) video content is continuing to gain market relevance for both streaming and brodacasting services, providing video with improved contrast and colour depth. However, the predominance of 8-bit based codecs and the wide availability of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) devices still poses challenges regarding effective deployment of HDR content. MPEG-5 LCEVC is a new video coding standard that works in combination with a separate video standard (e.g., AVC, HEVC, VVC, AV1) to enhance the quality of a video. The enhanced quality is provided by adding details coded through an enhancement layer to a lower resolution version of the same video coded through a base layer. These enhancement layers can be used to add an HDR enhancement layer to any underlying codec, even to 8-bit based codecs, which helps to achieve a more efficient encoding and solves backward-compatibility issues. In this paper, we describe how LCEVC enables the encoding of HDR video, explaining some of the main tools to provide higher efficiency for this content. Moreover, we provide a series of test results and comparisons of encoding HDR using LCEVC to enhance different video codecs.
Comparison among different encryption system using Twofish
H.264/AVC Performance sensibility to encoder configurations in videoconference and video surveillance applications
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Papers by Lorenzo Ciccarelli