Chedly Abdelly

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Publications of the Concerted Action members relevant to the program

Responses of four varieties of bean to iron deficiency, related to nitrogen nutrition

Identification of a naturally occurring 2, 6-bis (1.1- dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol from purple leaves of the halophyte plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

African Journal of Biotechnology, May 31, 2007

Bis (1.1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant used generally for food, ... more Bis (1.1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant used generally for food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The leaf extract from the halophyte plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, was fractionated by using semi-preparative HPLC. The different fractions were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH method. One fraction exhibited a high level of antioxidant activity. The molecule responsible for this antioxidant activity was identified as 2, 6-bis (1.1-dimethylethyl)-4methylphenol) by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS).

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Vigueur de croissance et compartimentation ionique comme critères de sélection et indicateurs de tolérance à la salinité chez les porte-greffes de vigne

Journal of New Sciences, 2015

In order to select and identify grapevine rootstocks adapted to environmental constraints, partic... more In order to select and identify grapevine rootstocks adapted to environmental constraints, particularly salinity, we analyzed and evaluated, in a preliminary attempt, the response of four grapevine rootstocks: 110 Richter, 1103 Paulsen, SO4 and 140 Ruggeri, provided from field collection and cultivated under salt treatment (100 mM NaCl). After 75 days of treatment, measures were realized on the agronomical characters related to plant growth, photosynthetic capacity and physiological parameters related to plant mineral content. The obtained results show talt tolerant rootstock is tightly related to its vigor, and on its ability to maintain the photosynthetic activity despite of the stress and its capacity to accumulate and store the sodium in the upper part of the plant (particularly old leaves). Chloride exclusion with restriction to its entry and uptake, osmotic adjustment via leaf potassium accumulation (~1200 μmol.g MS for salt tolerant 140R rootstock), salt stress signalization ...

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Biological nitrogen fixation in salinity and phosphorus deficiency conditions of two beans breeds: susceptible white coconut and tolerant BAT 477

Chloroplast Implication in the Tolerance to Salinity of the Halophyte Cakile maritima

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2020

In this study, the response of the chloroplastic antioxidant system of the halophyte Cakile marit... more In this study, the response of the chloroplastic antioxidant system of the halophyte Cakile maritima Scop. and its tolerance to NaCl stress have been studied using purified chloroplasts. Seedlings were grown in different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl) and plants were harvested after 40 days. Isolated chloroplasts were purified by centrifugation in density-gradients of Percoll. The evaluation of the oxidative stress was analysed measuring lipid peroxidation, carbonyl protein, and H 2 O 2 contents and the antioxidant status by measurement of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as well as the antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione, in the purified chloroplasts. Results revealed that the best growth response of C. maritima under moderate salt stress was associated with a low oxidative stress, the highest activities of SOD, POD and APX and the highest glutathione content. The interaction between the water status of the plant and mineral nutrition seems to be strongly involved in the plant performance under salinity.

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Analysis of genetic diversity and spatial structure in Tunisian populations ofHordeum marinumssp.marinumbased on molecular markers

The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2019

Hordeum marinumcommonly known as sea barley is a salinity-tolerant species of grass. In the curre... more Hordeum marinumcommonly known as sea barley is a salinity-tolerant species of grass. In the current study, 150 lines from ten populations ofH. marinumssp.marinumcollected from five Tunisian bioclimatic sites were screened for polymorphism with 13 selected random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. Results exhibited a high level of polymorphism (160 polymorphic bands with an average of 12.46 per primer) and a high level of genetic diversity in all the studied populations (on averageUHe= 0.247 andI= 0.358). High discrimination capacity was found for the 13 primers and a combination of three allowed assignation of a unique profile for each of the 150 lines. The partition of genetic diversity with Analysis of Molecular Variance suggested that the majority of genetic variation (67%) was within populations. The components between-populations within ecoregions and between-ecoregions explained 21 and 12%, respectively, of the total genetic variance. There was no significant association of po...

Relationship Between Ion Content in Seed and Spongy Coat of the Medicinal Halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. and Germination Capacity

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2010

Halophytes thrive in a wide range of habitats and climates, which may largely determine the seed ... more Halophytes thrive in a wide range of habitats and climates, which may largely determine the seed mineral content, and hence influence both their germination capacity and their subsequent establishment. In order to assess this hypothesis, we performed a comparative study on three Tunisian proveniences of the perennial oilseed halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. The ion (Cl-, K+, and Na+) contents in seeds and fruits were determined and their likely relationship to germination capacity was addressed. Whether seeds were sown in distilled water or under moderate salt solution (100 mM NaCl) germination of the three proveniences was negatively correlated with the seed K+, Na+ and Cl- content. The spongy coats (fruits) were found to accumulate much more Na+ and Cl- than seeds (up to aprox. 8- and 11- fold, respectively for Na+ and Cl-), indicating that efficient mechanisms may take place in order to protect seeds from the harmful accumulation of salt. In addition, the higher selectivity for K+...

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Salinity tolerance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) as assessed by chloroplast ultrastructure and photosynthetic performance

Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2019

 100 mM NaCl treatment has no apparent effect on plant biomass production.  No significant chan... more  100 mM NaCl treatment has no apparent effect on plant biomass production.  No significant change of chloroplast ultrastructure was observed under 100 mM NaCl.  Swelling of thylakoids induced reduction of stacking leading to more spillover.  Donor side intactness demonstrated by the constant Fk/Fj ratio and antenna size.  High PSII efficiency was confirmed by the stability of OEC complex.

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Variability in response to salinity stress in natural Tunisian populations of Hordeum marinum subsp. marinum

Plant Biology, 2018

Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental factors affecting crop productivity around... more Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental factors affecting crop productivity around the world.  In this study, we analyzed morpho-physiological variation in responses to salt stress in Tunisian populations of Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum. The plants were grown under two treatments (0 and 200 mM NaCl) until maturity. A total of 19 quantitative traits were measured before and during the harvest.  It was observed that most studied traits are influenced by the increasing salinity. High to moderate broad-sense heritability (H 2) were noted for most of parameters under control and salt treatment, implying that salt tolerance is moderately heritable and environmental variation plays an equal important role. The majority of correlations between measured traits under the two treatments are positives, where the strongest correlations were between spike number (SN) and weight (SW). Based on the salt response index (SRI) values, SN and SW are the most affected by salinity. The 150 studied lines formed three groups according to the SRI values of the 19 quantitative parameters, of which 101 were moderately sensitive, 27 tolerant and 22 highly tolerant.  Overall genetic variation of H. marinum in response to salt stress may provide novel insight to identify genes responsible for salt tolerance.

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Proteomic and functional analysis of ProDH1 link proline catabolism to mitochondrial electron transport in Arabidopsis thaliana

The Biochemical journal, Sep 14, 2016

Proline accumulates in many plant species in response to environmental stresses. Upon relief from... more Proline accumulates in many plant species in response to environmental stresses. Upon relief from stress, proline is rapidly oxidized in mitochondria by proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and then by pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). Two ProDH genes have been identified in the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana To gain a better understanding of ProDH1 functions in mitochondria, proteomic analysis was performed. ProDH1 polypeptides were identified in Arabidopsis mitochondria by immunoblotting gels after 2D blue native - SDS/PAGE, probing them with an anti-ProDH antibody and analysing protein spots by MS. The 2D gels showed that ProDH1 forms part of a low-molecular-weight (70-140 kDa) complex in the mitochondrial membrane. To evaluate the contribution of each isoform to proline oxidation, mitochondria were isolated from wild type and prodh1 , prodh2, prodh1prodh2 and p5cdh mutants. ProDH activity was high for genotypes in which ProDH, most likely ProDH1, was strong...

The halophyte Cakile maritima reduces phenanthrene phytotoxicity

International journal of phytoremediation, Jan 12, 2015

In a previous study, we showed that the halophyte plant model Thellungiella salsuginea was more t... more In a previous study, we showed that the halophyte plant model Thellungiella salsuginea was more tolerant to phenanthrene (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: PAH) than its relative glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present work, we investigated the potential of another halophyte with higher biomass production, Cakile maritma, to reduce phenanthrene phytotoxicity. Sand was used instead of arable soil with the aim to avoid pollutant degradation by microorganisms or their interaction with the plant. After 6 weeks of treatment by 500 ppm phenanthrene (Phe), stressed plants showed a severe reduction (-73%) in their whole biomass, roots being more affected than leaves and stems. In parallel, Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was increased by 185 and 62% in leaves and roots, respectively. Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (assayed by ABTS test) was maintained unchanged in all plant organs. The model halophytic plant Thellungiella salsuginea was used as a biomarker of phenanthrene stre...

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Preferential damaging effects of limited magnesium bioavailability on photosystem I in Sulla carnosa plants

Planta, Jan 31, 2015

Magnesium deficiency preferentially inhibits photosystem I rather than photosystem II in Sulla ca... more Magnesium deficiency preferentially inhibits photosystem I rather than photosystem II in Sulla carnosa plants. The effects of magnesium (Mg(2+)) deficiency on growth, photosynthetic performance, pigment and polypeptide composition of chloroplast membranes were studied in the halophyte Sulla carnosa (Desf.), an annual legume endemic to Tunisia and Algeria. The results demonstrate a gradual decrease in biomass production with decreasing Mg(2+) availability in the growth medium. The increase of Mg(2+) deficiency was also associated with a decline of the net CO2 assimilation (Pn) in fully expanded leaves, a decrease in the amount of photosynthetic pigments, and an increase in the lipid peroxidation in plants exposed to decreased Mg(2+) concentrations. Interestingly, while CO2 assimilation already was affected at Mg(2+) concentrations below 1.5 mM, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) declined only in the absence of Mg(2+). In contrast, plants of S. carnosa grown in Mg(2...

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Root retention activity and accumulation of Cd in the shoot of two barley cultivars

Antioxidative and free radical of Limonium axillare from qatarian coasts

In the present study, we carried out the antioxidant and antiradical activity of a methanol extra... more In the present study, we carried out the antioxidant and antiradical activity of a methanol extract from the leaves of the halophyte plant Limonium axillare (family: Limoniaceae, order: Plumbaginales). Antiradical activity was determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antioxidant activity was characterized by NBT/Riboflavin system. The antiradical effect of L. axillare (95 ± 0.5% DPPH scavenging at 1mg/ml) was greater than the synthetic antioxidant BHA. The antioxidant activity (92.96 ± 0.5% of superoxide inhibition) was higher than the standard quercitin. The phytochemical screening of the leaves samples indicates the presence of flavonoids, steroids and alkaloids.

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Metabolic changes of iron uptake in N₂-fixing common bean nodules during iron deficiency [2011]

Morpho-phenological diversity among Tunisian natural populations ofBrachypodium hybridum

The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014

SUMMARYBrachypodium hybridumbelongs to thePoaceaegrass subfamily. It has a close genetic relation... more SUMMARYBrachypodium hybridumbelongs to thePoaceaegrass subfamily. It has a close genetic relationship with temperate cereal crops, which means that it can be used as a model for temperate cereal and grass crops. In order to improve knowledge on the genetic diversity of this species, 145 lines ofB. hybridumrepresentative of nine populations and all the ecoregions of Tunisia were characterized on the basis of 18 morpho-phenologic features. The results show a considerable variation between populations and ecoregions in all traits studied. Variation was relatively higher for reproductive than vegetative traits. The majority of traits showed very low to high heritability with low border value for average length of spikelet (ALS) and an average value of 0·64. It is noticeable that high values of heritability were observed for most vegetative descriptors, with low values for reproductive ones. Differentiation between populations (QST) varied from 0·02 for ALS to 0·78 for average length of ...

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Metabolic changes of iron uptake in N 2-fixing common bean nodules during iron deficiency

Plant Science, 2011

Iron is an important nutrient in N2-fixing legume nodules. The demand for this micronutrient incr... more Iron is an important nutrient in N2-fixing legume nodules. The demand for this micronutrient increases during the symbiosis establishment, where the metal is utilized for the synthesis of various iron-containing proteins in both the plant and the bacteroid. Unfortunately, in spite of its importance, iron is poorly available to plant uptake since its solubility is very low when in its oxidized form Fe(III). In the present study, the effect of iron deficiency on the activity of some proteins involved in Strategy I response, such as Fe-chelate reductase (FC-R), H+-ATPase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and the protein level of iron regulated transporter (IRT1) and H+-ATPase proteins has been investigated in both roots and nodules of a tolerant (Flamingo) and a susceptible (Coco blanc) cultivar of common bean plants. The main results of this study show that the symbiotic tolerance of Flamingo can be ascribed to a greater increase in the FC-R and H+-ATPase activities in both roots and nodules, leading to a more efficient Fe supply to nodulating tissues. The strong increase in PEPC activity and organic acid content, in the Flamingo root nodules, suggests that under iron deficiency nodules can modify their metabolism in order to sustain those activities necessary to acquire Fe directly from the soil solution. Highlights ► Nodules can improve FC-R and H+-ATPase activities. ► The nodules contribute with roots to Fe solubilization. ► A strong increase in the PEPC activity in nodules. ► A important increase in organic acid content in nodules. ► The main results prove that Fe uptake directly by nodules.

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Effect of salt treatment on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of two Mesembryanthemum edule provenances

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012

Mesembryanthemum edule L. is an edible and medicinal halophyte widespread in Tunisia seashore. In... more Mesembryanthemum edule L. is an edible and medicinal halophyte widespread in Tunisia seashore. In this study, parameters of oxidative stress, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were comparatively investigated in two M. edule provenances (Jerba and Bizerte, respectively sampled from arid and humid bioclimatic stages). Plants were subjected to 0, 300 and 600mM NaCl treatment under glasshouse conditions. Results showed that M. edule response to salinity depends on provenance (P), salt treatment (T) and their interaction (P×T). (T) affected more significantly the oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant activities than (P) and (P×T). Conversely, (P) was much affluent for tannin polymerization degree and interaction between the two factors (P×T) was more determinants for analyzed antioxidant parameters. The higher salt tolerance of Jerba plants was associated with low levels of malondialdehyde and of electrolyte leakage mainly at 600mM NaCl. Besides, antioxidant activities of Jerba provenance, were more efficient than Bizerte. In addition, avicularin was the major phenolic in both provenances. This compound concentration increased with salinity in Jerba shoots, while it was reduced in Bizerte especially at 600mM NaCl. Overall, the higher salt tolerance of plants from Jerba provenance, and to a lower extent of those from Bizerte, may be partly related to their better capacity to limit oxidative damage when salt-challenged, and this is likely the result of redistribution in phenolic composition. Besides, abiotic factors such as salinity could be determinant in antioxidant potentiality of this medicinal plant.

Oral administration of Nitraria retusa ethanolic extract enhances hepatic lipid metabolism in db/db mice model 'BKS.Cg-Dock7(m)+/+ Lepr(db/)J' through the modulation of lipogenesis-lipolysis balance

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2014

The medicinal plants can be used in the prevention or treatment of many diseases. Several studies... more The medicinal plants can be used in the prevention or treatment of many diseases. Several studies concerning the potential of bioactive components in plants and food products and their link to obesity and related metabolic disorders, have been gaining big interest. Diabetes is a serious metabolic syndrome. Searching for alternative natural bioactive molecules is considered main strategy to manage diabetes through weight management. In the present study, an edible halophyte Nitraria retusa was selected and in vivo experiment was conducted using db/db model mice. We orally administrated its ethanol extract (NRE) to BKS.Cg-Dock7(m)+/+ Lepr(db/)J mice model for a period of 4 weeks. The effect was evaluated on the body weight and adiposity changes and on the biochemical parameters of db/db NRE-treated mice. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effect was investigated by testing the gene expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism. NRE was found to significantly supress ...

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