This study examines the impact of economic and financial activities on air pollution in China usi... more This study examines the impact of economic and financial activities on air pollution in China using prefecture-level panel data from 2004 to 2015. Recruiting the air quality index (AQI) as a measure of overall air quality in Chinese cities, we find that industrial production, financial development, and economic integration lead to higher overall air pollution. Nevertheless, efficiency in urban planning through public transportation and population density alleviates this environmental degradation. A closer look into the two main air pollutants in China, sulphur dioxide and dust, further highlights the complexity of the issue. We find that trade openness reduces both sulphur dioxide and dust emissions, whereas financial development reduces sulphur dioxide emissions but increases dust in Chinese cities. Our findings are of particular interest to policymakers when devising environmental policies in support of sustainable economic development.
PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influences of global uncertainty indicators volatility ... more PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influences of global uncertainty indicators volatility on the domestic socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability in a sample of 54 developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe two-step system generalized method of moments estimator is recruited to deal with autoregression and endogeneity matter in our dynamic panel data. Seven different global uncertainty indicators (US trade uncertainty; world trade uncertainty; economic policy uncertainty; world commodities and oil prices; the geopolitical risk index and the world uncertainty index) have been mobilized and compared for their empirical impact on the economic (growth and GDP), social (the misery index and income inequality) and environmental (CO2 emissions) vulnerabilities of nations.FindingsOur empirical estimations suggest that the socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability cannot be solved through the same pattern: all decrease of a particular aspect will necessarily have a ...
Previous literature has highlighted the relationship between export diversification and income in... more Previous literature has highlighted the relationship between export diversification and income inequality. The present study attempts to explore the influence of export quality on income inequality. A global sample of 92 economies consisting of 30 low-and lowermiddle-income economies (LMEs), 21 upper-middle-income economies (UMEs), and 41 high-income economies (HIEs) over the period 2002-2014, is collected to create a balanced set of panel data. Using econometric techniques for balanced panel data to deal with cross-sectional dependence, heteroscedasticity, and endogeneity, we first find that the effect of export quality is negative and significant on the Gini index pre-tax and pre-transfer in LMEs and UMEs, implying that export quality reduces income inequality. Second, export quality has a positive and significant impact on income inequality in HIEs. Our findings imply that different economic policies should be considered for dealing with income inequality among different income groups of economies.
This paper investigates the spillover effect (backward, forward, and horizontal linkage) of forei... more This paper investigates the spillover effect (backward, forward, and horizontal linkage) of foreign direct investment (FDI) firms on the technical efficiency of local firms. This research extends the literature by employing meta-frontier framework analysis which is superior to single stochastic analysis because each industry has a different combination of inputs (or dissimilar production technology). Using a large data set (178,700 firm-year observations), this paper finds evidence on the negative impact of the horizontal and forward linkages on the meta-technical inefficiency for the data set as a whole as well as in three economic regions, in private owned firms, and capital and labor-intensive sectors in Vietnam.
The purpose of this paper was to give an overview of economic development under reform and world ... more The purpose of this paper was to give an overview of economic development under reform and world integration and to evaluate the main factors influencing the growth of the Vietnamese economy during the reform period (1990-2009). Based on statistical data on the Vietnamese economy in the period of 1990-2009, this study analyzed the factors affecting economic growth. The policy changes, economic development, poverty rates and living standards of Vietnamese population are analyzed over the reform period using qualitative methods. The results of this study show that economic growth under reform and world integration has reduced the poverty rate and increased living standards of population in Vietnam. An evaluation of the factors influencing economic growth is made using a quantitative model of total factor productivity (TFP) and another econometric model. The findings from this quantitative analysis show that the growth of the Vietnamese economy was determined by two factors: (1) capita...
The “karma” of impact on the Earth: will humans take responsibility? Evidence of energy consumption and CO2 emissions
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022
Energy consumption and CO2 emissions are agreed as the main causes of global warming and climate ... more Energy consumption and CO2 emissions are agreed as the main causes of global warming and climate change, which are causing several extreme weather events in recent decades. However, there is little understanding how humans adjust their behaviours in energy consumption and emissions in responding to these natural threats. This study aims to examine the influences of exposure, susceptibility, and vulnerability to five natural hazards on CO2 emissions, energy intensity, renewable energy, and electricity consumption. The feasible generalized least squares model and several panel estimates are applied for a global sample of 161 countries from 2011 to 2018. The empirical results provide interesting findings. First, exposure, susceptibility, and vulnerability appear to reduce electricity usage, renewable energy consumption, energy intensity, and CO2 emissions in the global sample. Second, the negative effects of exposure, susceptibility, and vulnerability are consistent across four income groups (high-income; upper-middle-income; lower-middle-income; and low-income) except for some interesting differences. Exposure appears to increase renewable energy consumption significantly in upper-middle and high-income, while susceptibility has a significant positive influence on renewable energy consumption in low-, upper-middle, and high-income. Third, the negative impact is also documented in seven regions, with the exception of some interesting findings: threats from nature appear to increase CO2 emissions and energy intensity in the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Europe and Central Asia, while they stimulate the use of renewable energy in Latin America and Caribbean. Interestingly, exposure and susceptibility appear to induce renewable energy transformation in Europe and Central Asia.
Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 2021
Purpose This paper aims to offer an empirical study of the impact of institutional quality on the... more Purpose This paper aims to offer an empirical study of the impact of institutional quality on the banking system risk and credit risk. Design/methodology/approach Applying cross-sectional dependent tests and stationary tests to check the property of our sample, the panel corrected standard errors model is recruited as the main estimator, while feasible generalized least squares, pool ordinary least squares (OLS), robust pool OLS and other estimators are used as a robustness check for an unbalanced panel data for 56 economies divided into three subsamples between 2002 and 2015. Findings The empirical results show several significant contributions. First, an improvement in institutional quality is an important factor to reduce the banking system risk. This effect of the institutions is less important in well-capitalized, highly profitable and in high-economic growth countries. This effect is also stronger in highly liquid banking systems. Notably, a better institutional quality helps ...
Elemental concentration in a potentially protected forest catchment in Singapore
Limnology, 2020
A total of 24 soil samples, including 4 subsurface, 34 water samples and 17 sets of hydrological ... more A total of 24 soil samples, including 4 subsurface, 34 water samples and 17 sets of hydrological survey data were collected in a soil investigation and hydrological survey campaign from August 2017 to September 2018 at a small Dermawan forest catchment, Singapore. The study was to understand and evaluate the catchment’s soil and stream status through the assessment of elemental concentrations and their possible sources. Dermawan catchment exhibited a distinct neutral environment in both soil and stream water, with remarkably high concentration of Ca, Mg and Ba in both matrices. Most elements in Dermawan forest have higher concentration than those from other forested catchments in Singapore though we believe that they occur naturally, mainly due to the close proximity between the catchment’s soil and stream. These elements most likely derived from the underlying Gombak Norite geology (for soil) and indigenous soil (for stream water). Despite that the catchment is in natural status, localized anthropogenic disturbance to the catchment is obvious given the enrichment of various metals. Therefore, further investigations and management attention are needed given the sensitive nature of hill stream in the Dermawan forest, which is recognized as one of the rare and important habitats in Singapore for biodiversity conservation.
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2015
Objective(s): In this study, we aimed to describe the characteristics of portal vein tumor thromb... more Objective(s): In this study, we aimed to describe the characteristics of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), complicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in contrast-enhanced FDG PET/CT scan. Methods: In this retrospective study, 9 HCC patients with FDG-avid PVTT were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT), which is a combination of dynamic liver CT scan, multiphase imaging, and whole-body PET scan. PET and CT DICOM images of patients were imported into the PET/CT imaging system for the re-analysis of contrast enhancement and FDG uptake in thrombus, the diameter of the involved portal vein, and characteristics of liver tumors and metastasis. Results: Two patients with previously untreated HCC and 7 cases with previously treated HCC had FDG-avid PVTT in contrast-enhanced FDG PET/CT scan. During the arterial phase of CT scan, portal vein thrombus showed contrast enhancement in 8 out of 9 patients (88.9%). PET sca...
This study aims at investigating the influence of institutions and economic openness on credit cy... more This study aims at investigating the influence of institutions and economic openness on credit cycles in a global sample. Six institutional quality indicators combined with net inward FDI and trade openness are collected to estimate, respectively, the effects of institutions and economic openness on credit cycles. Our panel data covers 60 economies, including 32 low-and middle-income economies (LMEs) and 28 high-income economies (HIEs), the data ranging between 2003 and 2017. Although better institutions tend to stimulate credit growth, they significantly stabilize credit cycles. These findings are documented with significant results in LMEs while it is less obvious in HIEs.
The study sheds light on the impacts of income diversification on risks of the Vietnamese banking... more The study sheds light on the impacts of income diversification on risks of the Vietnamese banking industry. By analyzing a broad set of 32 local commercial banks during the period from 2005 to 2012, we find the evidence that bank with high non-interest income present lower risk than those with mainly interest income. Considering size effects, the results are also mostly accurate for large banks. However, for small banks, the impacts of income diversification are not confirmed clearly. In addition, the paper investigates two samples: listed and unlisted banks. The results also indicate the positive effects of the diversification on banking risks of these categories.
The bank swallow (Riparia riparia), a threatened species in California, has been monitored along ... more The bank swallow (Riparia riparia), a threatened species in California, has been monitored along the Sacramento River since 1986. Annual counts of burrows and past data on the rate of burrow occupancy have been used to estimate the number of nesting pairs of bank swallows. However, the burrow occupancy figure in use (45 percent of burrows occupied) has not been updated for nearly 20 years. We conducted surveys of burrow occupancy at nine bank swallow colonies along the Sacramento River during and after the breeding season of 2010. We tracked changes in colony extent and number of burrows and made observations of burrow contents. Burrow counts increased through the latter half of June and then remained relatively constant through early August. Eggs and young were observed from the beginning of the study on April 26 through early July, but eggs were common only through June. Nests with eggs peaked in early May and again in the third week of June; nests with chicks were highest in late...
The Economic Impacts of a Pandemic: What Happened after SARS in 2003?
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
This study quantifies the economic impacts of SARS on the four affected Asian economies and the t... more This study quantifies the economic impacts of SARS on the four affected Asian economies and the two most affected Chinese regions using synthetic control methods with macroeconomic and remote-sensing nightlight data. For the four affected economies (China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore), we find only very short-term identifiable adverse impact on per capita GDP. These economies grew at a very fast pace in the post-SARS period, showing a strong V-shaped recovery. We detect a persistent decrease of 2-4 percent in the affected Chinese regions, Guangdong and Beijing; and this identifiable downturn appears to be robust to placebo analysis with standard synthetic control methods, but not when using the Augmented Synthetic Control method (ASCM). The ASCM analysis suggests that even the decline in the most heavily affected Chinese regions was fairly short lived. Overall, these finding suggests that the benign picture that emerges from the analysis of national-level data might be somewhat misleading; but that SARS did not eventually lead to statistically observable declines in economic activity, given its relatively limited spread to other countries, and the affected countries ability to stop its spread within very quickly. Obviously, by now it is clear that the picture emerging for COVID-19 is very different.
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