Papers by Charles Shabica
Introduction To Arthropods
Urban Beach: A Series on Coastal Cities That Have Successfully Made the Waterfront Accessible to Their Citizens
Sediment accretion associated with surgebreaker offshore reef, a low cost shore protection device: An update on the Corps of Engineers Section 54 Program
In 1979 a Surgebreaker offshore reef, or pervious sill system, was installed in the surf zone par... more In 1979 a Surgebreaker offshore reef, or pervious sill system, was installed in the surf zone parallel to an eroding Gulf Coast shoreline, at Basin Bayou State Recreation Area, Florida. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Section 54 Program as part of the evaluation of several low cost coastal protection devices in design conditions of 4-foot waves during storm surge periods. Surgebreaker is a modular, pervious sill device designed to attenuate wave energy and to promote sediment accretion1Comparison of surveys made at time of installation in 1979 and in 1984 and 1985 shows accretion of sand and other sediment landward and seaward of the modular system. Bottom and beach profiles show an increase in elevation. Additional accretion was noted in stations immediately updrift and downdrift of the structure. Erosion of beach and sea bottom, however, continued in nearby areas not protected by this system. The reef showed no evidence of basal scour or physical damage. It is concluded that this modular system was a causative factor in the mitigation of shoreline erosion and in the accretion of beach and nearshore sediment.1Surgebreaker is a trademark of Great Lakes Environmental Marine Ltd., Chicago, Illinois.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, Oct 17, 1985
T errestrial plants, the non-m arine Braid wood F au n a, an d the euryhaline Essex Fauna, best k... more T errestrial plants, the non-m arine Braid wood F au n a, an d the euryhaline Essex Fauna, best known from the Francis Creek Shale M em ber w ithin the M azon Creek area of northeastern Illinois, are found to recur in analogous deltaic lithofacies elsewhere both in Illinois and in adjacen t states. A n im p o rtan t new Essex-type fossil locality is reported from deposits coeval w ith the Francis Creek M em ber in M issouri, and occurrences of B raidw ood anim als from ad d itio n al stratig rap h ic units are discussed. These assemblages occur in estu arin e-d eltaic deposits ju x tap o sed on coals; the significance o f the association of these fossils w ith transgressive in u n d atio n o f coastal peat swamps is discussed and a predictive m odel for the occurrence o f M azon Creek-type assemblages is presented. W e believe th a t fossil associations com parable to those a t M azon Creek, occur in certain coastal deposits ranging in age from Pennsylvanian to, a t least, the Triassic.
In recent years, workers have become increasingly aware of the usefulness of sedimentary structur... more In recent years, workers have become increasingly aware of the usefulness of sedimentary structures in paleoenvironmental recon-struction, particularly in strata where fossils are rare or absent. Non-fossiliferous or slightly fossilferous shales and sandstones
Beach 8nd neenho .. 141dirnents
The Chicago Lakefront Plan - 1986
Although Chicago is considered to have one of the world's most beautiful and also stable wate... more Although Chicago is considered to have one of the world's most beautiful and also stable waterfronts, much of its shore protection is in imminent danger of failure. Nearly 80% of Chicago's 48 kilometers of lakeshore is armored landfill. Approximately 30 kilometers of the armor was built in the early part of this century, and is close-driven wood piles capped with stepped cut-stone. The shore protection structures were built for an established design lake level which has been exceeded this year, and may be exceeded by 1 meter in the near future. Although the structures have held up remarkably well over the years, the rate of deterioration will accelerate if no action is taken to repair them. In two sections of the Chicago lakeshore that are not protected by landfill, residential buildings are undergoing storm wave attack due to loss of protective beaches. Short and long term management solutions include revetments and sheet pile reinforcement of the wood pile structures, and ...
Impacts of coastal structures on America’s shores and beaches represent a scientific, economic an... more Impacts of coastal structures on America’s shores and beaches represent a scientific, economic and engineering challenge to assure that our beaches are protected and sustained. Coastal professionals go to great lengths to properly design, build, monitor, and maintain engineered beaches. However, the beach has a powerful and visceral connection to human nature that makes us all personally and emotionally sensitive to possible threats, proposed changes, and, ultimately, loss of this important component of human well-being. Inadvertent sand starvation and loss of beaches downdrift of 19 th - and 20 th -century harbor structures has left many people with a natural aversion to “engineered structures.” Despite that, a common solution to eroding beaches downdrift of harbors was construction of groins and groin fields that functioned like smaller versions of the harbor breakwaters trapping sand on their updrift sides. Sand bypassing and nourishment of downdrift beaches, introduced in most c...
Beach with No Sand—Evolution of the Illinois Lakeshore
This report details the performance of four Illinois coastal restoration and stabilization projec... more This report details the performance of four Illinois coastal restoration and stabilization projects constructed and monitored over 3-15 years. All include integration of native plants with stone into sustainable systems that protect ravines and adjacent coastal beaches from the intense erosional forces of stormwater runoff and storm waves. Prior to urbanization, ravines were metastable and bluffs and beaches eroded slowly. All supported unique plant communities. During the last 125 years, coastal and ravine erosion has accelerated due to loss of protective beaches and an increase in peak stormwater runoff flowing into the ravines. Most of these problems can be attributed to construction and maintenance of harbor entrance channels, impervious structures in the watershed and to the introduction of invasive plants like silver maple and buckthorn. Societal response has typically been to attack the coastal problems with hardened structures of wood, steel and concrete and ignore the probl...
Taphonomy of Middle Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Area Fossil Localities, Northeast Illinois: Significance of Exceptional Fossil Preservation in Syngenetic Concretions
PALAIOS, 1986
Page 1. RESEARCH REPORTS 271 Taphonomy of Middle Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Area Fossil Localities... more Page 1. RESEARCH REPORTS 271 Taphonomy of Middle Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Area Fossil Localities, Northeast Illinois: Significance of Exceptional Fossil Preservation in Syngenetic Concretions GC BAIRD Dept. Geology, SUNY Fredonia, Fredonia, New York 14063 ...
Sediment entrapment by coastal structures along the Illinois shore of Lake Michigan
Sand diversion and entrapment by harbors and lakefills are acknowledged to be important causes fo... more Sand diversion and entrapment by harbors and lakefills are acknowledged to be important causes for depletion of the littoral stream sands along the Illinois shore of Lake Michigan north of Chicago. Until now estimates of material trapped as sand fillets by structural barriers has been based mainly on maps and air photos. Only a small amount of core or drill
Pennsylvanian Sedimentation in Northern Illinois: Examination of Delta Models
Mazon Creek Fossils, 1979
It is generally agreed that Pennsylvanian age cyclothems in northern Illinois are deltaic in orig... more It is generally agreed that Pennsylvanian age cyclothems in northern Illinois are deltaic in origin. However, there is little agreement on the specific application of the delta model. Appalachian and European cyclothems have been more successfully interpreted as they are generally thick, locally developed and often have close modern counterparts. A major difficulty in applying a delta model to the northern Illinois deposits lies in the widespread, continuous, yet thin development of the strata, particularly the coal members. To address this problem a cyclothem delta model is constructed and modified for static and fluctuating sea level conditions. Preliminary investigation of northern Illinois cyclic strata suggests a low gradient model (comparable to a tropical Mississippi Delta) coupled with generally static sea level conditions.
Depositional environments in the Francis Creek Shale and associated strata
Survey of Littoral Drift Sand Deposits Along the Illinois and Indiana Shores of Lake Michigan
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1994
... and Brown 1988), shows that sand deposits north of Montrose Harbor from the Wilson Avenue boa... more ... and Brown 1988), shows that sand deposits north of Montrose Harbor from the Wilson Avenue boat ramp north to Thorndale Avenue are ... and nearshore sands are surprisingly thin downdrift of Waukegan Harbor, the Great Lakes Naval Training Center, and Wil mette Harbor in ...
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1991
Tree stumps in growth position were discovered in 1989 in southern Lake Michigan in 24 to 26 m of... more Tree stumps in growth position were discovered in 1989 in southern Lake Michigan in 24 to 26 m of water (152 to 150 m above MSL) about 25 km east-southeast of Chicago Harbor. At least 50 stumps occur in an area of about 8,500 m 2 • The stumps generally range from 15 to 30 cm in diameter and stand as much as 1.2 m above the lake bottom. The lake bottom in the vicinity of the stumps is sand and gravelly sand forming either a veneer or low relief (0.5m) ridges atop a nearly flat surface of soft, silty clay. Three stumps have been recovered for species identification and radiocarbon dating. An oak was dated at 8,120 ± 100 BP and 8,380 ± 100 BP. One sample each from an ash and an oak gave identical dates of 8,320 ± 70 BP. The find is interpreted as the remains of a forest established during the post-glacial, extreme-low lake phase (Chippewa low) and drowned during lake-level rise (Nipissing transgression.
Cylindrical living burrows in Ordovician dalmanellid brachiopod beds
Journal of Paleontology, 1969
ABSTRACT-Abundant examples of cylindrical borings in the brachiopod Onniella meeki (Miller), of t... more ABSTRACT-Abundant examples of cylindrical borings in the brachiopod Onniella meeki (Miller), of the sort previously thought to be the work of predatory gastropods, have been found in coquinas at Brookville, Indiana. However, it now appears that boring occurred ...
Importance of Urban Shores and Beaches
Coastal Engineering 2002, 2003
Biota of a Pennsylvanian Muddy Coast: Habitats Within the Mazonian Delta Complex, Northeast Illinois
Journal of …, 1985
... BIOTA OF A PENNSYLVANIAN MUDDY COAST: HABITATS WITHIN THE MAZONIAN DELTA COMPLEX, NORTHEAST I... more ... BIOTA OF A PENNSYLVANIAN MUDDY COAST: HABITATS WITHIN THE MAZONIAN DELTA COMPLEX, NORTHEAST ILLINOIS ... These fossils record rapid burial and early diagenesis in a muddy, delta-influenced coastal setting submerged during marine transgression. ...
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Papers by Charles Shabica