Purpose To report the clinical features, multi-modal imaging characteristics and their corroborat... more Purpose To report the clinical features, multi-modal imaging characteristics and their corroboration, and prognostic value of internal limiting membrane detachment (ILMD), a novel OCT biomarker in acute CRAO. Design Retrospective observational case-control study at institutional tertiary eye care centers. Methods 60 eyes of 60 patients of acute CRAO with optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline were included. Eyes were grouped in (a) With ILMD; (b) With no-ILMD. Multimodal imaging correlation, BCVA change and binary logistic regression were studied. Results Eighteen eyes (30%) were noted to have ILMD. At presentation, ILMD on OCT corroborated with macular non-perfusion with enlarged foveal avascular zone both on OCT-angiography (OCTA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). On follow-up, ILMD had resolved in all cases with fragmentation, disruption and atrophy of the retinal layers. Logistic regression showed poor baseline visual acuity was significantly associated with the ...
On Weakly Pure Submodules of Multiplication Modules
2 Abstract- In this paper we investigate some properties of we akly pure submodules of multiplica... more 2 Abstract- In this paper we investigate some properties of we akly pure submodules of multiplication modules. Mathematics Subject classification- 16D20
Designing a Real-time Velocity Predictor for Powertrain Optimization of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) coupled with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) hav... more Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) coupled with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been able to impact significantly to the transportation and automotive sector by improving traffic mobility, increasing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. The research intends to develop optimization algorithms by utilizing the velocity bounds provided by a traffic simulation program and generate an optimal velocity trajectory to reduce power-losses and improve drivability in vehicles. The developed optimal velocity trajectory algorithms are modified for the applications of Eco –Approach and Departure (Eco A/D) at signalized intersections and Co-operative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC). The fuel consumption during Eco-A/D is minimized by reducing idling times at traffic intersections. The CACC algorithm allows vehicles in a platoon to maintain a closer inter-vehicular gap and improve the efficiency of the platoon. Lastly, the simulation results generated by test cases are presented and future work is discussed to translate the simulation-based results to real-world improvement
Design Optimization of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Today’s era of transportation has touched new frontiers with the advancement of technology compel... more Today’s era of transportation has touched new frontiers with the advancement of technology compelling humanity to strive harder to achieve a better solution towards a greener and sustainable power source in automobiles. With the fossil fuels depleting at an accelerated rate, electrical energy has emerged to be an alternative for the propulsion system in automobiles. Since vehicles powered solely by electrical energy do not meet the performance standards, a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is developed which combines both electric and conventional petrol combustion system, hence enhancing the fuel economy, reducing the carbon emissions and improving performance. With the right amount of proportioning between the two energy sources, this field has become one of the most significant research areas in the current decade.The present work involves geometric modelling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the chassis, simulation of the power-split drive-train configuration on LAB...
Translational Vision Science & Technology, 2018
Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of Welch Allyn Spot Vision Screener in detecting refractive er... more Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of Welch Allyn Spot Vision Screener in detecting refractive error in all age groups and amblyopia risk factors in children in a tribal district of India. Methods: All participants received dry retinoscopy and photorefraction; children also received cycloplegic retinoscopy. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman and coefficient of determination (R 2). Results: Photoscreener could not elicit a response in 113 adults and 5 children of 580 recruited participants. In Bland-Altman analysis mean difference of Spot screener spherical equivalent (SSSE) and dry retinoscopy spherical equivalent (DRSE) was 0.32 diopters (D) in adults and 0.18 D in children; this was an overestimation of hyperopia and underestimation of myopia. In Bland-Altman analysis of SSSE and cycloplegic retinoscopy spherical equivalent (CRSE) the mean difference was À0.30 D in children; this was an overestimation of myopia and underestimation of hyperopia. In regression analysis the relationship between SSSE and DRSE was poor in adults (R 2 ¼ 0.50) and good in children (R 2 ¼ 0.92). Cubic regression model for Spot versus cycloretinoscopy in children was: CRSE ¼ 0.34 þ 0.85 SSSE À 0.01 SSSE 2 þ 0.006 SSSE 3. It was 87% accurate. Sensitivity and specificity of Spot in detecting amblyopia risk factors (2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus [AAPOS] criteria) was 93.3% and 96.9% respectively. Sensitivity of Spot screener in detection of amblyopia was 72%. Conclusions: Photoscreener has 87% accuracy in refraction in children. Its value could be used for subjective correction tests.
With the advancement of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure technologies, more and m... more With the advancement of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure technologies, more and more real-time information regarding traffic and transportation system will be available to vehicles. This paper presents the development of a novel algorithm that uses available velocity bounds and powertrain information to generate an optimal velocity trajectory over a prediction horizon. When utilised by a vehicle, this optimal velocity trajectory reduces fuel consumption. The objective of this optimisation problem is to reduce dynamic losses, required tractive force, and completing trip distance with a given travel time. Sequential quadratic programming method is employed for this nonlinearly constrained optimisation problem. When applied to a GM Volt-2, the generated velocity trajectory saves fuel compared to a real-world drive cycle. The simulation results confirm the fuel consumption reduction with the rule-based mode selection and the energy management strategy of a GM Volt 2 model in Autonomie.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
In this paper we introduce weakly copure submodule of multiplication module which is dual notion ... more In this paper we introduce weakly copure submodule of multiplication module which is dual notion of weakly pure submodule of multiplication module and investigate some properties of weakly pure and copure submodule of multiplication module
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Papers by Biswajit Barik