RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool that is being increasingly utilized for crop protectio... more RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool that is being increasingly utilized for crop protection against viruses, fungal pathogens, and insect pests. The non-transgenic approach of spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), which relies on spray application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to induce RNAi, has come to prominence due to its safety and environmental benefits in addition to its wide host range and high target specificity. However, along with promising results in recent studies, several factors limiting SIGS RNAi efficiency have been recognized in insects and plants. While sprayed dsRNA on the plant surface can produce a robust RNAi response in some chewing insects, plant uptake and systemic movement of dsRNA is required for delivery to many other target organisms. For example, pests such as sucking insects require the presence of dsRNA in vascular tissues, while many fungal pathogens are predominately located in internal plant tissues. Investigating the mechanisms by which sp...
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2001
The objective of the study was to prove the relaxation effect of traditional medicine by objectiv... more The objective of the study was to prove the relaxation effect of traditional medicine by objective biological indexes by modern scientific methods.
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1998
Two Medical Systems Before the foundation of the Democratic ,Republic of Vietnam, in Vietnam ther... more Two Medical Systems Before the foundation of the Democratic ,Republic of Vietnam, in Vietnam there were two medical systems: traditional medicine (TM) and modern medicine (MM). They were also known respectively as Oriental medicine and Western medicine.
In fact, to improve the quality of system service, for user job requests, which already have wait... more In fact, to improve the quality of system service, for user job requests, which already have waited for a long time in queues of a busy cluster, cloud vendors often migrate the jobs to other available clusters. This strategy brings about the occurrence of job abandonment phenomenon in data centers, which disturbs the server management mechanisms in the manner of decreasing effectiveness control, increasing energy consumptions, and so on. In this paper, based on the three-state model proposed in previous works, we develop a novel model and its management strategy for cloud data centers using a finite queue. Our proposed model is tested in a simulated cloud environment using CloudSim. The achieved outcomes show that our three-state server model for data centers operates well under the job abandonment phenomenon.
Heterodimeric cell surface receptor integrin is widely expressed in the nervous system, but its s... more Heterodimeric cell surface receptor integrin is widely expressed in the nervous system, but its specific role during axon development has not been directly testedin vivo. We show that theDrosophilanervous system expresses low levels of positron-specific (PS) integrin subunits αPS1, αPS2, and βPS during embryonic axogenesis. Furthermore, certain subsets of neurons express higher levels of integrin mRNAs than do the rest. Null mutations in either the αPS1 or αPS2 subunit gene cause widespread axon pathfinding errors that can be rescued by supplying the wild-type integrin subunit to the mutant nervous system. In contrast, misexpressing either the αPS1 or αPS2 integrin subunit in all neurons leads to no obvious axon pathfinding errors. We propose that integrin does not itself serve as either a “clutch” constituting molecule or a specific growth cone “receptor,” as proposed previously, but rather as part of a molecular network that cooperatively guarantees accurate axon guidance.
The paper discusses how internal and external factors affect economic growth in the economic lite... more The paper discusses how internal and external factors affect economic growth in the economic literature and explores the economic mechanisms through which the macroeconomic variables might impact economic growth directly and indirectly. The simultaneous equation system is employed in order to introduce the key macroeconomic behavior functions using the Vietnamese data for the period 1986-2013. The findings are: (1) the major contribution to economic growth is the quantity of investment instead of the quality of investment; (2) the optimal macroeconomic stability has positively affected economic growth; (3) exports have positively impacted on economic growth; (4) the public investment crowds in the private investment generally; and (5) the income, capacity utilization, and the optimal inflation have positively impacted consumption. The paper also shows that the GDP growth rate does not capture well the economic performance of the country because it does not take into account the net factor payment from abroad, natural resource depletion, and the inefficient intra-industry trade.
Although Vietnam's economic growth and poverty reduction for almost three decades have been remar... more Although Vietnam's economic growth and poverty reduction for almost three decades have been remarkable, growth for poverty reduction is unequally distributed across the nation. The paper examines the cause of poverty and the impact of provincial economic growth on poverty alleviation, using the data of 63 provinces in Vietnam. The elasticity of poverty with respect to provincial economic growth is employed (the elasticities of headcount index, poverty gap index, and squared poverty index with respect to provincial economic growth) to identify the provinces where pro-poor growth has occurred. The elasticity of poverty with respect to provincial Gini coefficient is examined to identify the impact of expenditure inequality on poverty. The simultaneous equation system is estimated to analyze not only direct and indirect effects of the related variables, but also the causality effect between economic growth and the poverty elasticity with respect to both growth and the Gini coefficient.
The purpose of this work was to use various molecular imaging techniques to non-invasively assess... more The purpose of this work was to use various molecular imaging techniques to non-invasively assess GSK2849330 (anti HER3 ADCC and CDC enhanced 'AccretaMab' monoclonal antibody) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in human xenograft tumor-bearing mice. Immuno-PET biodistribution imaging of radiolabeled 89Zr-GSK2849330 was assessed in mice with HER3 negative (MIA-PaCa-2) and positive (CHL-1) human xenograft tumors. Dose dependency of GSK2849330 disposition was assessed using varying doses of unlabeled GSK2849330 co-injected with 89Zr-GSK2849330. In-vivo NIRF optical imaging and ex-vivo confocal microscopy were used to assess the biodistribution of GSK2849330 and the HER3 receptor occupancy in HER3 positive xenograft tumors (BxPC3, and CHL-1). Ferumoxytol (USPIO) contrast-enhanced MRI was used to investigate the effects of GSK2849330 on tumor macrophage content in CHL-1 xenograft bearing mice. Immuno-PET imaging was used to monitor the whole body drug biodistribution and CHL-1...
To assess the role of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) kinase in multiple myel... more To assess the role of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) kinase in multiple myeloma, we ectopically expressed wild type or a phosphomimetic version of SGK into multiple myeloma cell lines. These cells were specifically resistant to the ER stress inducers tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and bortezomib. In contrast, there was no alteration of sensitivity to dexamethasone, serum starvation, or mTORC inhibitors. Mining of genomic data from a public database indicated that low baseline SGK expression in multiple myeloma patients correlated with enhanced ability to undergo a complete response to subsequent bortezomib treatment and a longer time to progression and overall survival following treatment. SGK overexpressing multiple myeloma cells were also relatively resistant to bortezomib in a murine xenograft model. Parental/control multiple myeloma cells demonstrated a rapid upregulation of SGK expression and activity (phosphorylation of NDRG-1) during exposure to bortezomib an...
-Nous proposons de formaliser le problème d'authentification par codes graphiques comme un jeu en... more -Nous proposons de formaliser le problème d'authentification par codes graphiques comme un jeu entre la source légitime et l'adversaire, chaque joueur essayant de sélectionner le meilleur canal d'impression/acquisition pour maximiser/minimiser les performances d'authentification. Il est possible de résoudre ce jeu en utilisant des estimations précises des probabilités de fausse alarme et non détection et en modélisant le canal d'impression-acquisition comme un canal additif Gaussien Généralisé ou Lognomal. L'optimisation s'effectue en considérant deux types de scénarios: la présence d'un adversaire passif (qui possède un canal identique à la source légitime), puis la présence d'un adversaire actif (possédant un canal différent). Elle conduit à une formulation min max. Les résultats de ce cheminement soulignent plusieurs points: (i) les performances d'authentification sont meilleures pour des distributions denses, (ii) les paramètres optimaux de l'adversaire sont proches de ceux de la source légitime, (iii) la source légitime peut trouver une configuration qui maximise les performances d'authentification.
DEPTOR is linked to a TORC1-p21 survival proliferation pathway in multiple myeloma cells
Genes & cancer, 2014
We investigated the mechanism by which gene silencing of the mTOR inhibitor, DEPTOR, induces cyto... more We investigated the mechanism by which gene silencing of the mTOR inhibitor, DEPTOR, induces cytoreductive effects on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. DEPTOR knockdown resulted in anti-MM effects in several MM cell lines. Using an inducible shRNA to silence DEPTOR, 8226 MM cells underwent TORC1 activation, downregulation of AKT/SGK activity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence. These latter cytotoxic effects were prevented by TORC1 paralysis (Raptor knockdown) but not by over-expression of AKT activity. In addition, DEPTOR knockdown-induced MM death was not associated with activation of the unfolded protein response, suggesting that enhanced ER stress did not play a role. In contrast, DEPTOR knockdown in 8226 cells induced p21 expression, independent of p53, and p21 knockdown prevented all of the cytotoxic effects following DEPTOR silencing. DEPTOR silencing resulted in p21 upregulation in additional MM cell lines. Furthermore, DEPTOR silencing in a murine xenograft model result...
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information hiding and multimedia security, 2013
This paper proposes to investigate the impact of the channel model for authentication systems bas... more This paper proposes to investigate the impact of the channel model for authentication systems based on codes that are corrupted by a physically unclonable noise such as the one emitted by a printing process. The core of such a system is the comparison for the receiver between an original binary code, an original corrupted code and a copy of the original code. We analyze two strategies, depending on whether or not the receiver use a binary version of its observation to perform its authentication test. By deriving the optimal test within a Neyman-Pearson setup, a theoretical analysis shows that a thresholding of the code induces a loss of performance. This study also highlights the fact that the probability of the type I and type II errors can be better approximated, by several orders of magnitude, computing Chernoff bounds instead of the Gaussian approximation. Finally we evaluate the impact of an uncertainty for the receiver on the opponent channel and show that the authentication is still possible whenever the receiver can observe forged codes and uses them to estimate the parameters of the model.
MNK1-Induced eIF-4E Phosphorylation in Myeloma Cells: A Pathway Mediating IL-6-Induced Expansion and Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic and Proteotoxic Responses
Target site choice is a complex and poorly understood aspect of DNA transposition despite its imp... more Target site choice is a complex and poorly understood aspect of DNA transposition despite its importance in rational transposon-mediated gene delivery. Though most transposons choose target sites essentially randomly or with some slight sequence or structural preferences, insertion sequence IS608 from Helicobacter pylori, which transposes using singlestranded DNA, always inserts just 3 0 of a TTAC tetranucleotide. Our results from studies on the IS608 transposition mechanism demonstrated that the transposase recognizes its target site by co-opting an internal segment of transposon DNA and utilizes it for specific recognition of the target sites through base-pairing. This suggested a way to redirect IS608 transposition to novel target sites. As we demonstrate here, we can now direct insertions in a predictable way into a variety of different chosen target sequences, both in vitro and in vivo.
Because accumulation of potentially toxic malfolded protein may be extensive in immunoglobulin-pr... more Because accumulation of potentially toxic malfolded protein may be extensive in immunoglobulin-producing multiple myeloma (MM) cells, we investigated the phenomenon of autophagy in myeloma, a physiologic process that can protect against malfolded protein under some circumstances. Autophagy in MM cell lines that express and secrete immunoglobulin and primary specimens was significantly increased by treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stress–inducing agent thapsigargin, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin, and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Inhibition of basal autophagy in these cell lines and primary cells by use of the inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine resulted in a cytotoxic effect that was associated with enhanced apoptosis. Use of small interfering RNA to knock down expression of beclin-1, a key protein required for autophagy, also inhibited viable recovery of MM cells. Because the data suggested that autophagy protected MM cell viability, we...
Background: Although the active site mTOR inhibitor pp242 overcomes feedback activation of AKT, i... more Background: Although the active site mTOR inhibitor pp242 overcomes feedback activation of AKT, it may still be complicated by feedback ERK activation. Results: In myeloma cell models, pp242 was more potent than rapamycin for activating ERK, causing resistance. Conclusion: Activation of ERK is a complication of pp242. Significance: PP242 would be more effective if used in combination with inhibitors of the ERK pathway. Activation of PI3-K-AKT and ERK pathways is a complication of mTOR inhibitor therapy. Newer mTOR inhibitors (like pp242) can overcome feedback activation of AKT in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We, thus, studied if feedback activation of ERK is still a complication of therapy with such drugs in this tumor model. PP242 induced ERK activation in MM cell lines as well as primary cells. Surprisingly, equimolar concentrations of rapamycin were relatively ineffective at ERK activation. Activation was not correlated with P70S6kinase inhibition nor was it prevented by PI3-kinase inhibition. ERK activation was prevented by MEK inhibitors and was associated with concurrent stimulation of RAF kinase activity but not RAS activation. RAF activation correlated with decreased phosphorylation of RAF at Ser-289, Ser-296, and Ser-301 inhibitory residues. Knockdown studies confirmed TORC1 inhibition was the key proximal event that resulted in ERK activation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of eIF-4E blunted pp242-induced ERK phosphorylation. Since pp242 was more potent than rapamycin in causing sequestering of eIF-4E, a TORC1/4E-BP1/eIF-4E-mediated mechanism of ERK activation could explain the greater effectiveness of pp242. Use of MEK inhibitors confirmed ERK activation served as a mechanism of resistance to the lethal effects of pp242. Thus, although active site mTOR inhibitors overcome AKT activation often seen with rapalog therapy, feedback ERK activation is still a problem of resistance, is more severe than that seen with use of first generation rapalogs and is mediated by a TORC1-and eIF-4E-dependent mechanism ultimately signaling to RAF.
Icap1␣ is a 200-amino acid protein that binds to the COOH-terminal 13 amino acids (786 AVTTVVNPKY... more Icap1␣ is a 200-amino acid protein that binds to the COOH-terminal 13 amino acids (786 AVTTVVNPKYE-GK 798) of the integrin  1 subunit. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region revealed that Val 787 , Val 790 , and 792 NPKY 795 are critical for Icap1␣ binding. The NPXY motif is a known binding substrate for phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain proteins. The sequences of Icap1␣, residues 58-200, and the  1 integrin, residues 786-797, were aligned to the available PTB-peptide structures to generate a high quality structural model. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that Leu 135 , Ile 138 , and Ile 139 of Icap1␣, residues predicted by the model to be in close proximity to 792 NPKY 795 , and Leu 82 and Tyr 144 , residues expected to form a hydrophobic pocket near Val 787 , are required for the Icap1␣- 1 integrin interaction. These findings indicate that Icap1␣ is a PTB domain protein, which recognizes the NPXY motif of  1 integrin. Furthermore, our date suggest that an interaction between Val 787 and the hydrophobic pocket created by Leu 82 and Tyr 144 of Icap1␣ forms the basis for the specificity of Icap1␣ for the  1 integrin subunit.
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