Papers by Andrea Martinez
Science
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) permits comprehensive cancer genome analyses, revealing mutational ... more Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) permits comprehensive cancer genome analyses, revealing mutational signatures, imprints of DNA damage, and repair processes that have arisen in each patient’s cancer. We performed mutational signature analyses on 12,222 whole-genome–sequenced tumor-normal matched pairs from patients recruited via the UK National Health Service (NHS). We contrasted our results with two independent cancer WGS datasets—from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the Hartwig Medical Foundation (HMF)—involving 18,640 whole-genome–sequenced cancers in total. Our analyses add 40 single and 18 double substitution signatures to the current mutational signature tally. We show for each organ that cancers have a limited number of common signatures and a long tail of rare signatures, and we provide a practical solution for applying this concept of common versus rare signatures to future analyses.
El present treball analitza el recurs del dibuix a la classe de ciencies com a una potent eina mo... more El present treball analitza el recurs del dibuix a la classe de ciencies com a una potent eina modelitzadora i la coavaluacio d'aquest dibuix com a eina d'aprenentatge. Les dades es van recollir en un institut public de Santa Coloma de Gramenet. L'estudi es basa en dibuix d'una connexio sinaptica que va dur a terme l'alumnat a partir de la lectura d'un text descriptiu. Els aprenents despres de realitzar el dibuix van avaluar el resultat d'un dels seus companys tenint en compte una rubrica d'avaluacio, posteriorment el docent va avaluar cadascuna de les mostres independentment. L'analisi dut a terme intenta determinar les dificultats de l'alumnat per fer un dibuix a partir de la lectura d'un text i determinar si la coavaluacio es una tecnica efectiva per l'aprenentatge.
Riches for a way forwa alternative to measure behavoural changes, intead of quantitave outcomes. ... more Riches for a way forwa alternative to measure behavoural changes, intead of quantitave outcomes. Rches for a way forwa In an interconnected world, not anymore ruled by a unipolar power and facing transna-tional crimes, a new paradigm of security has emerged. Today there is a common under-standing that global peace and security is a collective responsibility that requires joint action. A collaborative approach involving state actors and the different stakeholders in society is necessary to design and implement effective strategies to promote peace, enhance security and advance towards sustainable development. This research intends to show the relevant role that Regional Intergovernmental Organizations and Civil Society can play in this new approach towards peacebuilding and con-flict prevention. Moreover it raises the questions about the complexity of monitoring and evaluating its contribution and proposes outcome mapping as an alternative to measur-ing behavioural changes, instead o...
Articles, 2019
S’appuyant sur des entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de 50 agricultrices urbaines et périurbaines is... more S’appuyant sur des entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de 50 agricultrices urbaines et périurbaines issues de secteurs marginalisés (favelas, assentamentos, terreiros et communautés quilombolas et indigènes) des États de Ceará et de Pernambouc, l’auteure s’intéresse aux dynamiques associatives qui permettent à ces femmes de rompre avec la stigmatisation et l’invisibilité, d’une part, et de se constituer en mouvement social selon les trois principes (identité, opposition et historicité) de la théorie tourainienne de l’« acteur social », d’autre part. Son analyse révèle que les actions militantes de ces agricultrices nourrissent des réseaux de collaboration qui vont au-delà des droits fonciers, contribuant ainsi à une autonomisation (empowerment) individuelle et relationnelle articulée autour du projet inachevé – et aujourd’hui compromis par le gouvernement de Bolsonaro – de l’économie sociale et solidaire comme moyen d’en finir avec les diverses formes de domination et d’oppression croisées.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical, 2021
Background Health communication tools like film are capable of reducing health disparities and co... more Background Health communication tools like film are capable of reducing health disparities and could be effective in addressing negative illness perceptions of MS in Hispanics/Latinx. Objective To test the feasibility of using a culturally appropriate short narrative film to examine illness perceptions overtime and attitudes in Hispanics/Latinx affected with MS. Methods Participants were assigned to view a short narrative film (n = 130) or not (n = 106). The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to examine illness perceptions at baseline, one and three months. Focus groups were conducted at 6 months. Measures of sociocultural integration were obtained. Individual group BIPQ domains were evaluated over time using paired sample t-test. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine predictors of BIPQ change. Results A more positive perception of treatment (p < 0.0001) and understanding (p = 0.0003) were seen at 3 months for those exposed to film. Focus groups w...
Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 2001
A recent study undertaken by the authors (Oxman-Martinez and Martinez 2000) examined the Canadian... more A recent study undertaken by the authors (Oxman-Martinez and Martinez 2000) examined the Canadian government’s response to the traffic of human beings. Information from twenty-one government and ngo informants and a thorough review of state agency policies and international conventions revealed that trafficking and refugee movements have many links. The question raised by the Metropolis Project—Is clandestine entry to Canada a crime or a new form of migration?—is important, given that trafficking may be the only option available to legitimate refugees waiting to escape dangerous or oppressive situations. Rather than seeking to ease the migration of refugees or addressing the structural causes of trafficking or its social implications, however, Canada’s response is focused on the prevention of “irregular movements” (through immigration and border control) and prosecution of the few traffickers successfully apprehended. Preliminary evidence suggests that border control will fail to ad...
Human Fertility, 2020
In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2D-and 3D/4D-HyCoSy for the... more In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2D-and 3D/4D-HyCoSy for the assessment of tubal occlusion in women with infertility, using a laparoscopic tubal chromoperturbation dye test as the reference standard. Studies assessing 2D-and 3D/4D-HyCoSy for the assessment of tubal occlusion in women with infertility were searched from January 1990 to April 2019 using Medline and Web of Science databases by three of the authors, using the terms: 'hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography', 'sonohysterosalpingography', 'HyCoSy', 'HyFoSy', 'three-dimensional', 'four-dimensional', 'ultrasound', 'tubal patency' and 'tubal occlusion'. Data quality was determined using the QUADAS-2 tool. Thirty articles were included; twenty-one studies used 2D-HyCoSy to assess tubal occlusion, six used 3D/4D-HyCoSy, one study used both techniques but in a different set of patients and two used both techniques in the same patients. The risk of bias for most studies was low as determined by QUADAS-2, except for the patient selection domain. Overall, pooled estimated sensitivity and specificity of 2D-HyCoSy were 86% (95% CI ¼ 80%-91%) and 94% (95% CI ¼ 90%-96%), respectively. The corresponding figures for 3D/4D HyCoSy were 95% (95% CI ¼ 89%-98%) and 89% (95% CI ¼ 82%-94%). High heterogeneity was found for both sensitivity and specificity. No statistically significant differences were found between the methods (p ¼ 0.13). We concluded that 2D-HyCoSy has a similar diagnostic performance to 3D/4D-HyCoSy.
Conference Proceedings
The internet not only has changed a vast spectrum of the world's operations, but also the ways te... more The internet not only has changed a vast spectrum of the world's operations, but also the ways teaching can deal with information and strategies for learning. While this trend has naturally led to the flexibility of time and location, it is crucial to focus on understanding effective pedagogical strategies with the use of this technology. This paper establishes the thesis that an online setting was effective in teaching both the fundamentals of regenerative studies, while focusing on how undergraduate students learned in this online learning setting. The online coursework and its challenges are discussed along with the structure and methods set to achieve the comprehension of the contents. The urgency for the search of a clear plan and actions to address climate change was the main goal of the class, which was explained in the current political and social context. Consecutively, critical topics of energy, water, shelter, and waste were explored individually, from the main challenges to the design solutions for regeneration. The paper also explains how surveys were a vital tool and an essential instance for feedback. Lessons learned from creating a virtual learning environment that allows for both the grasp of everyone's role in climate change and the generation of action/plans/solutions for regeneration are discussed, aiming to inform colleagues using a teaching tool that is here to stay.
Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2010
Context: National guidelines recommend that Canadian sexual and reproductive health (SRH) educati... more Context: National guidelines recommend that Canadian sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education promote access to SRH services and effectively target SRH information to adolescents prior to their leaving secondary school. Within the context of rapidly changing health technologies (HPV vaccine, contraception innovations), SRH education can be an essential health promotion strategy targeting Canada's youth. SRH education in publicly funded Catholic and secular ("public") secondary schools in the National Capital Region, Canada was evaluated to determine whether it meets the standards of health promotion. Methods: SRH strategies were collected by semi-structured interviews with 44 SRH educators: 15 public school teachers, 15 Catholic school teachers and 14 referent health partners and 31 young adults. Interview transcripts were subjected to deductive content analysis using the Information, Motivation, Behavioural Skills (IMB) model. Results: Student uptake of SRH classroom themes (reproductive anatomy, contraceptive/condom use and risk prevention) was fairly consistent with teacher self-report. Students were encouraged to abstain from sexual activity by both public and Catholic teachers. SRH skill-building activities included relationship scenarios and facilitated access to SRH services by teachers from both Catholic and public schools, however only public schools provided condom demonstrations. Students recommended a more sex-positive education as sex was presented as an inherently negative and risky activity. Conclusions: SRH education, framed by the IMB model and in the context of school-community health partnerships, is an effective tool for health promotion. Knowledge transfer of biomedical SRH information is effective; however improvements can be made in the promotion of SRH self-efficacy.
Les frontières poreuses de l’égalité hommes-femmes en Côte-d’Ivoire : recherche au sein des peuples Akan et Krou
Cahiers du Genre, 2018
S’appuyant sur une enquete par entretiens collectifs menes en Cote-d’Ivoire, cet article aborde l... more S’appuyant sur une enquete par entretiens collectifs menes en Cote-d’Ivoire, cet article aborde les relations de genre en milieu rural a partir des experiences situees de villageoises et villageois issus de deux grandes familles ethniques du sud du pays : les Akan et les Krou. A la croisee des theories feministes decoloniales et de la pensee postcoloniale du tiers-espace, il examine les strategies identitaires qui faconnent les constructions sociales de l’egalite des sexes et de l’acces au foncier. De l’hybridite culturelle de ces representations emerge une dynamique de negociations dont les ambivalences, resistances et points de rencontre laissent voir un recadrage en gestation des rapports de pouvoir.
Canadian Journal of Communication, 2006
Using as an entry point the recommendations of the Cairo and Beijing Conferences calling on the m... more Using as an entry point the recommendations of the Cairo and Beijing Conferences calling on the media to promote gender equality, including the individual right to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) without coercion or discrimination, this article analyses the representation of teens' sexuality in six newspapers from Central Canada and Chile. The statistical comparison of the most significant lexicons of these newspapers shows a fascination for sexual violence against adolescents that, regardless of socio-political and linguistic backgrounds, reproduces sexist and homophobic stereotypes that are inconsistent with a real debate about their access to information and resources in SRH. Résumé : Partant des recommandations des Conférences du Caire et de Beijing enjoignant les médias à promouvoir l'égalité des sexes, y compris le droit individuel à la santé sexuelle et reproductive (SSR) sans contrainte ou discrimination, cet article analyse la représentation de la sexualité adolescente dans six quotidiens du Canada central et du Chili. La comparaison statistique des lexiques les plus significatifs de ces quotidiens révèle une fascination pour la violence sexuelle contre les jeunes qui, par-delà les contextes sociopolitiques et linguistiques, reproduit des stéréotypes sexistes et homophobes incompatibles avec un véritable débat sur leur accès à l'information et aux ressources en SSR.
Formación e identificación de carbamato de etilo en bebidas alcohólicas y alimentos fermentados
Ars Pharmaceutica, 2000
The formation and identification of ethyl carbamate have led to numerous studies in order to bett... more The formation and identification of ethyl carbamate have led to numerous studies in order to better understand its formation and its further identification and quantification. In this review the contributions accumulated over the last decades to this field, are summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on ethyl carbamate formation, its precursors and the analytical methods used for its identification and quantification.
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità
Few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of spinning exercise on cardio-vascula... more Few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of spinning exercise on cardio-vascular weal. To assess whether a 6 months spinning training, combined with proper diet, is more effective than standard training programs and diet alone in improving metabolic abnormalities in middle-aged and older adults. Randomized clinical trial. Rehabilitation Unit of our Department. Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with diet (group A, n = 10), with diet and general gymnastics program (group B, n = 10), with diet and spinning physical training program (group C, n = 10). During the study period we observed a significant reduction in blood pressure (group C: systolic blood pressure p = 0.03; diastolic blood pressure p = 0.004 / group B: systolic blood pressure p = 0.001), in lipid profile (group B: plasma total cholesterol p = 0.0...
Den här studien har varit mycket lärorik, rolig, spännande men också den i särklass arbetsammaste... more Den här studien har varit mycket lärorik, rolig, spännande men också den i särklass arbetsammaste under hela utbildningen! Redan från dag ett, när vi började formulera syftet, har det varit full fart framåt, och en och annan parkeringsbot när tempot varit för högt. Men nu är vi äntligen framme vid förordet och vill tacka dem som gjort studien möjlig. Tack till alla informanter, utan era berättelser hade studien inte kommit till. Ett stort tack till vår handledare Filip Wollter som har stöttat vår idé och gett oss värdefulla tips och råd längs med vägen. Vi vill framförallt tacka våra respektive sambos för att ni orkat med oss under denna tid. Förlåt för de 30 sekundernas fördröjning när ni har försökt att nå oss då vi varit i denna cuppsatsbubbla, nu blir vi oss själva igen! Och sist men inte minst vill vi tacka varandra. Det har varit riktigt kul att intervjua, äta god mat och leta böcker tillsammans. Att resan haft ett jämnt (men högt!) tempo och inte präglats av djupa dalar och höga toppar beror på att vi kunnat hjälpa, stötta och dela den stundtals tunga arbetsuppgiften tillsammans, tack. Sammanfattning I denna studie har fokus legat på sociala insatsgrupper i fyra områden i Stockholms län. Sociala insatsgrupper är en strukturerad samverkan på individnivå mellan i första hand socialtjänst, polis och skola som syftar till att förhindra nyrekrytering av ungdomar till kriminella grupperingar samt underlätta avhopp från kriminella grupperingar. Studiens övergripande syfte är att undersöka hur samverkan mellan socialarbetare och poliser ser ut inom projektet sociala insatsgrupper. Studien fokuserar på socialarbetarnas och polisernas yrkesroller samt stöd-och kontrollaspekter. Studiens resultat visar att sociala insatsgrupper uppfattas som ett framgångsrikt projekt, men också att det råder ett spänningsförhållande mellan en behandlingslogik och en straffrättslig logik som polis och socialarbetare måste förhålla sig till i samverkan kring ungdomen. Studiens resultat visar även att stöd och kontroll inte kan skiljas från varandra, något som kan härledas till en övergripande så kallad normaliseringslogik som delas av socialarbetarna och polisen i arbetet med ungdomen. För att belysa och problematisera resultaten har studien främst hämtat inspiration från den nyinstitutionella teoribildningen som riktar fokus på samverkansprocesser i organisationer.
Herpetological Conservation and Biology
Utila Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura bakeri, are listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Re... more Utila Spiny-tailed Iguanas, Ctenosaura bakeri, are listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Redlist Assessment and are listed under Appendix II of CITES. This species occupies a portion of Utila, a small continental island located off the northern coast of Honduras, in the Bay Islands chain. Habitat destruction and overharvesting for consumption and the pet trade are among the top threats facing this species. Though first described in 1901 (Stejneger) and currently the focus of a local conservation program, little is known concerning that basic biology of this species. Combining data from six years we examined body size, sexual size dimorphism, and changes in demography and body condition over the study period. Our results indicate that males are larger and heavier than females on average, and have a longer tail for a given snout-vent length, as is the case with most iguanas. Over the study period we found an increase in the ratio of males to females, suggesting that female biased hunting pressure is increasing. This is consistent with an increase in the human population size and a preference for consuming gravid females. The body condition of both males and females declined over the duration of the study, which is suggestive of a decrease in habitat quality. These results indicate that the situation for this endangered species is becoming increasingly threatening. Conservation measures should focus on alleviating these threats through increased law enforcement, outreach, and education.
Immunization with Neospora caninum profilin induces limited protection and a regulatory T-cell response in mice
Experimental parasitology, Jan 6, 2015
Profilins are actin-binding proteins that regulate the polymerization of actin filaments. In apic... more Profilins are actin-binding proteins that regulate the polymerization of actin filaments. In apicomplexan parasites, they are essential for invasion. Profilins also trigger the immune response of the host by activating TLRs on dendritic cells (DCs), inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study we characterized for the first time the immune response and protection elicited by a vaccine based on Neospora caninum profilin in mice. Groups of eight BALB/c mice received either two doses of a recombinant N. caninum profilin expressed in E. coli. (rNcPRO) or PBS, both formulated with an aqueous soy-based adjuvant enriched in TLR-agonists. Specific anti-profilin antibodies were detected in rNcPRO-vaccinated animals, mainly IgM and IgG3, which were consumed after infection. Splenocytes from rNcPRO-immunized animals proliferated after an in vitro stimulation with rNcPRO before and after challenge. An impairment of the cellular response was observed in NcPRO vaccinated a...
New Skins for Skyscrapers: Anticipating Facade Retrofit
摘要： The existing building stock in some regions accounts for nearly as much energy consumption an... more 摘要： The existing building stock in some regions accounts for nearly as much energy consumption and carbon emissions as the transportation and industrial sectors combined. Existing buildings represent the greatest opportunity to improve this performance. Early tall building curtain wall applications, not particularly efficient to begin with, are now approaching 40 years of age and more. There is an enormous imminent need for the retrofit of these aging facades that could have significant positive effects on many urban environments. Yet barriers remain. Facade retrofit is expensive and disruptive to ongoing building operations, problems much exacerbated by the fact that these curtain wall systems were never designed to accommodate retrofit. Yet the very same is true of curtain wall design practices today. How do façade design and retrofit practices measure up with the yardstick of sustainability? Conclusions point to the importance of anticipating future façade retrofit requirements i...
Retrofitting a building can improve energy efficiency. To predict a building's future perform... more Retrofitting a building can improve energy efficiency. To predict a building's future performance, it is important to calibrate the energy model to the existing energy consumption as the basis for design changes. This type of calibration often requires detailed hourly energy models that result from extensive data collection and audits. Yet, even with the best of intentions and paying attention to geometry, materials, occupancy, lighting, heating and cooling schedules, and specific climate data, there is often a disconnect between the simulation results of digital models and the energy use of real buildings. In this study, actual monthly electricity results were compared against results in eQuest, DesignBuilder and Vasari. Then four energy conservation measures, focusing on the building envelope, were simulated for three different climate conditions in California. The intent was to determine if the retrofitting options in all these programs produced similar trends (up/down) in th...
Informed consent in apheresis: The nephrologist’s point of view
Giornale di Tecniche Nefrologiche e Dialitiche, 2013
S61 ad opera di Abel, Rowntree e Turner, che l’anno successivo pubblicarono: Plasma removal with ... more S61 ad opera di Abel, Rowntree e Turner, che l’anno successivo pubblicarono: Plasma removal with return of corpuscles (Plasmaphaeresis) (2, 3). Viene introdotto, così, il termine di "plasmaferesi" per indicare la rimozione dal sangue di sostanze tossiche, così da considerare Abel a tutti gli effetti il padre sia della dialisi che dell’aferesi. dovranno passare altri 40 anni prima che, nel 1952, venga utilizzata la plasmaferesi su un paziente affetto da mieloma multiplo (4). Le prime vere applicazioni cliniche risalgono al 1963 ad opera di Salomon e Fahey in soggetti affetti da paraproteinemia, per ridurre l'iperviscosità del sangue (5). L'aferesi ha conosciuto nel tempo, per evoluzione dei materiali d'uso, diversificazione delle tecniche (LDL aferesi, plasmaferesi a cascata, ecc.) e possibilità di impiego clinico, un progresso tale da rappresentare oggi un presidio terapeutico assai complesso che richiede specifiche conoscenze e competenze (6-11). In Italia, come nel resto dell’Europa, questa attività clinica è stata gestita in maniera poco attenta, tanto che, a oggi, non si riconoscono né degli specifici ambiti di impiego né i settori di utenza (12). Per tale motivo, nel 1993, si è costituito, in seno Introduzione
Giornale di Tecniche Nefrologiche e Dialitiche, 2014
L'aferesi o aphàiresis, parola di origine greca il cui significato letterale è "sottrazione", è o... more L'aferesi o aphàiresis, parola di origine greca il cui significato letterale è "sottrazione", è oggi considerata come una forma raffinata dell'antico salasso. "Come da un pozzo si estrae acqua torbida fino a che dalla sorgente sotterranea non venga acqua pura soltanto, così va cavato sangue corrotto fino a che non rimanga altro che quello puro" affermava Botallo già nel 1500. L'aferesi terapeutica trae le sue origini nel Medioevo, periodo in cui il salasso veniva impiegato in varie situazioni con l'intento di ottenere, attraverso tale terapia, la rimozione degli "umori cattivi", ed è stata ampiamente utiliz-123 zata fino al XIX secolo per trattare un'ampia varietà di condizioni patologiche (1). Nel 1914 Abel, insieme a Rowentree e a Turner, introdusse, per primo, il termine di "plasmaferesi" con la pubblicazione di Plasma removal with return of corpuscles (plasmaphaeresis). Abel può, così, essere considerato a tutti gli effetti il padre della Dialisi e dell'Aferesi. La prima "plasmaferesi terapeutica" risale al 1952 in un paziente affetto da mieloma multiplo, ma occorre aspettare fino al 1963 per avere le prime vere applicazioni cliniche in soggetti affetti da paraproteinemia per ridurre l'iperviscosità del sangue, a opera di Salomon e Fahey (2, 3). Intorno agli anni '60 si ha la comparsa delle prime attrezzature automatiche: i cosiddetti separatori cellulari, che permettevano lo scambio di elevate quantità di plasma in poche ore. Nel tempo sono stati progressivamente
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Papers by Andrea Martinez