This paper presents the thesis that all learning agents of finite information size are limited by... more This paper presents the thesis that all learning agents of finite information size are limited by their informational structure in what goals they can efficiently learn to achieve in a very complex environment. The thesis implies that there is no efficient universal learning algorithm. An agent can go past the learning limits imposed by its structure only by slow evolutionary change or blind search which in a very complex environment can only give an agent an inefficient universal learning capability that can work only in evolutionary timescales or improbable luck.
What are the different payment methods that we have today? The most commonly used payment method ... more What are the different payment methods that we have today? The most commonly used payment method since a long time is cash. But in the past two decades, many more options have emerged but the most common and widely used of them is digital payments that includes using bank cards at PoS Article HI terminals and payments using digital platform by using a mobile or a laptop.
India’s mass vaccination efforts have been slow due to high levels of vaccine hesitancy. This stu... more India’s mass vaccination efforts have been slow due to high levels of vaccine hesitancy. This study uses data from an online discrete choice experiment with 1371 respondents to rigorously examine the factors shaping vaccine preference in the country. We find that vaccine efficacy, presence of side effects, protection duration, distance to vaccination centre and vaccination rates within social network play a critical role in determining vaccine demand. We apply a non-parametric model to uncover heterogeneity in the effects of these factors. We derive two novel insights from this analysis. First, even though, on average, domestically developed vaccines are preferred, around 30 percent of the sample favours foreign-developed vaccines. Second, vaccine preference of around 15 percent of the sample is highly sensitive to the presence of side effects and vaccination uptake among their peer group. These results provide insights for the ongoing policy debate around vaccine adoption in India.
Smart City: An Integrated Approach Using System Dynamics
With the high economic growth in countries such as India, smart cities are necessity of time. Gov... more With the high economic growth in countries such as India, smart cities are necessity of time. Government of India is also planning to develop smart cities. For this purpose we need to identify the different dimension which defines a smart city and their relationship. Using System Dynamics, we have shown the effect of different dimensions on smart city. We have identified six major dimensions from the literature. Further one major dimension Smart Mobility is chosen for simulation analysis for a better understanding. Sample data is taken for Lucknow city. Different scenarios are developed to draw interesting facts which will assist policy makers to plan the smart cities in a better manner and sustainable in long run.
This paper presents a scheme using Differential Evolution based Functional Link Artificial Neural... more This paper presents a scheme using Differential Evolution based Functional Link Artificial Neural Network (FLANN) to predict the Indian Stock Market Indices. The Model uses Back-Propagation (BP) algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm respectively for predicting the Stock Price Indices for one day, one week, two weeks and one month in advance. The Indian stock prices i.e. BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange), NSE, INFY etc. with few technical indicators are considered as input for the experimental data. In all the cases, DE outperforms the BP algorithm. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are calculated for performance evaluation. The MAPE and RMSE in case of DE are found to be very less in comparison to BP method. The simulation study has been done using Java-6 and NetBeans. Keywords-Stock Market Prediction; Functional Link Neural (FLANN); Differential evolution (DE); Back Propagation (BP) Algorithm; Least Mean Square (LMS) method.
Split ring resonator biosensor-an innovative design and analysis
In this study, a split ring resonator (SRR) design is simulated for the detection of different ca... more In this study, a split ring resonator (SRR) design is simulated for the detection of different cancer cells in biosensing application using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Finite element method (FEM) is used to evaluate electric field distribution in SRR. The analysis of biosensor is done in microwave region. Small change in dielectric constant produces shift in resonant peak of SRR so this biosensor can be used for the detection of different types of cancer cells like Hela, PC12, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, Jurkat. The advantages of this biosensor are low cost manufacturing and level free sensing with appropriate sensitivity.
Automatic Room’s Fan, Light and A.C Control with Visitor Counter Using Microcontroller
Due to the depletion of non-renewable energy, conservation of energy has become mandatory and by ... more Due to the depletion of non-renewable energy, conservation of energy has become mandatory and by doing so we can reduce electricity bill as well. This Project ‘Automatic Room’s fan, light and A.C. control with object counter using microcontroller’ controls a room light and fan as well as count the number of individuals entering and leaving a room. When an individual enters into a room then one counter is incremented by one and one light and fan in a room will be switched ON and when the individuals leaves a room then the counter is decremented by one. When the number of individuals in a room is greater than 6 then 2 lights and one fan will be switched ON. When the individuals in a room are more than 11 then 3 lights two fan will be switched ON and when the temperature is more than 27 degree Celsius one A.C. will be switched ON. Similarly on increase of every 5 individuals one more light will switched ON. Lights, fan and A.C. will be turned OFF when all the individuals go out of a ro...
Research Anthology on Measuring and Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Wetland ecosystems are one of the highly productive ecosystems in the world. These ecosystems hav... more Wetland ecosystems are one of the highly productive ecosystems in the world. These ecosystems have been deteriorating at a faster rate. Ramsar Convention is putting enormous effort to protect, maintain, and restore these ecosystems. Currently, the fourth phase of Strategic Plans of Ramsar Convention is going on, in which saline wetlandscapes can play vital role to attain 19 targets of this plan. In India there are 27 Ramsar sites in all the biogeographic zones; however, research work has been carried out in the past five years in only eight Ramsar sites. Currently, four years are available for the strategic plans to encourage more wetland researches. The chapter presents a case study of Sambhar Salt Lake, a Ramsar site of India that is on the verge of extinction. Normalized Difference Water Index has been calculated for three decades in 1992, 2009, and 2019, revealing the declining phases of the lake.
Construal Level Research in Decision Making: Analysis and Pushing Forward the Debate Using Bibliometric Review and Thematic Analysis
American Business Review
This study examines the extant literature on Construal Level Theory through bibliometric analysis... more This study examines the extant literature on Construal Level Theory through bibliometric analysis that traces the path of research from 1998 to November 2019. It uses the Scopus database to identify emerging trends, seminal and most-cited papers, authors, universities, and countries that contributed to the development of the theory. A total of 680 papers from 1445 authors, were published in as many as 322 journals. The results indicate that ‘Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,’ ‘Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,’ and ‘Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,’ were the three most productive sources of knowledge for this theory. The results show that over time, the discussion has progressed from theory to application in different areas of decision sciences, psychology, and management with a recent trend towards application in sustainability. This is the first literature review that has been conducted on the Construal Level Theory using bibliometric analysis. This...
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Papers by Alok raj