Background: Subtle lead malposition is an overlooked cause in patients who failed to respond to c... more Background: Subtle lead malposition is an overlooked cause in patients who failed to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Here, we demonstrate the voltage-dependent capture of the right ventricle (RV) by a subtly malpositioned right atrial (RA) lead. Case: An 80-year-old woman with severe non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction of 20%) underwent CRT with defibrillator implantation. Three months later, she continued to have New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV heart failure symptoms. Device interrogation showed 74% bi-ventricular pacing and 74% RA pacing. Lead impedances were stable since implant. Pacing thresholds of the RV and left ventricular (LV) leads were 0.9 volts (V) @ 0.5 milliseconds (ms) and 0.75 V @ 0.5 ms, respectively. No significant atrial fibrillation or premature ventricular contraction detected. Decision-Making: During atrial lead threshold testing with continuous 12-lead electrocardiography monitoring, we noted RV capture starting at 5
Revenue Management in a Context of Big Data: From a Predictive to a Prescriptive Analytic Approach
This project analyzes the impact that the big data is having on the way service companies make de... more This project analyzes the impact that the big data is having on the way service companies make demand-management decisions. It highlights that the use of big data allows service companies to change...
Analysis of network privatisations in Spain: an applied general equilibrium investigation
El objetivo general de esta tesis es analizar los efectos del programa de privatizaciones espanol... more El objetivo general de esta tesis es analizar los efectos del programa de privatizaciones espanol de empresas de servicios publicos en terminos de bienestar y asignacion economica de los recursos. Desde esta perspectiva, se concentra la atencion en investigar las privatizaciones ocurridas en sectores tales como: electricidad, gas y telecomunicaciones. En particular, se asume que las privatizaciones en estos sectores mejoran la estructura de incentivos en la gestion de las empresas privatizadas, lo que a su vez contribuye al aumento en la eficiencia productiva. En consecuencia, las privatizaciones deberian generar una reduccion de los precios en los bienes y servicios producidos por las empresas. Esta vision supone explicitamente que los precios son el principal mecanismo mediante el cual las ganancias de eficiencia atribuidas a las privatizaciones pueden son transmitidas al resto de la economia. Sin embargo, el funcionamiento de los precios como un mecanismo transmisor de eficiencia...
This article presents a novel conceptual framework that uses the notion of knowledge sourcing to ... more This article presents a novel conceptual framework that uses the notion of knowledge sourcing to explain how firms realize benefits from R&D subsidies in terms of innovations. The study considers two dimensions of the firm’s knowledge sourcing: its R&D effort and level of openness to technology markets. This article proposes that the policy-induced effects of R&D subsidies on the knowledge-sourcing process increase firms’ innovation outcomes, thus making this policy intervention effective in promoting innovation. By using panel data from Spanish manufacturing firms, this article presents evidence consistent with the hypothesis that by changing the knowledge sourcing of firms, National R&D subsidy programs in Spain also favor more firm innovation, measured by patent applications and new product launches. It is also documented that the granting of R&D subsidies does not affect firm innovation directly but rather through inducing changes in the firm’s R&D effort and openness to technol...
The interaction mode and geographic scope of firms’ technology alliances: implications of balancing exploration and exploitation in R&D
Industry and Innovation, 2016
Abstract This paper proposes that the interaction mode, i.e. interactive and iterative, and geogr... more Abstract This paper proposes that the interaction mode, i.e. interactive and iterative, and geographic scope, i.e. domestic and international, of technology alliances generate sources of exploration and exploitation for firms. An implication of this idea is that firms can use these sources for balancing its internal focus on exploratory and exploitative research and development activities (R&D). Then, the paper suggests that the use of this balancing strategy has positive effects on a firm’s innovative performance. Using panel data based on Spanish manufacturing companies for the period 2004–2012, the empirical results confirm that firms balancing their internal exploration or exploitation in R&D with sources of external exploitation or exploration in their technology alliances are the firms with better prospects to produce innovation streams. Implications for the literature on complementarities in innovation, ambidexterity and R&D alliance formation are derived from the analysis.
External collaboration breadth is important for firms to acquire the knowledge needed to innovate... more External collaboration breadth is important for firms to acquire the knowledge needed to innovate. In this paper, we combine cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Spanish Panel of Technological Innovation Survey (PITEC) to examine the indirect impact of R&D subsidies on firm external collaboration breadth. We contribute to understanding of the indirect impacts of R&D subsidies by first providing strong evidence of an economically significant average positive impact of R&D subsidies on firm external collaboration breadth. Second, our results advance understanding of the differential impacts of R&D subsidies by revealing the vast heterogeneity of the impact at the firm level, where approximately only half of treated firms experience a positive collaboration impact from R&D subsidies, while the remainder experience no impact or a negative effect. Finally, we advance understanding of the characteristics explaining the differential impact of R&D subsidies on external collaboration breadth by utilising the organisational learning literature to demonstrate the important role of firm collaboration experience.
This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Condition... more This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
Essays on complementarities in R&D: implications for innovation management and for film performance
Los modelos de innovacion abierta han sido ampliamente reconocidos como una estrategia efectiva p... more Los modelos de innovacion abierta han sido ampliamente reconocidos como una estrategia efectiva para favorecer el proceso de creacion de conocimiento en las empresas. Este reconocimiento se debe al hecho de que estos modelos facilitan la produccion de complementariedades, medidas en terminos de algun indicador sobre el rendimiento innovador de las empresas. Dado el caracter estrategico de estas complementariedades, su evaluacion y el examen de las condiciones que favorecen su produccion constituyen el objetivo principal de esta tesis. En primer lugar, la tesis analiza el proceso provision de conocimientos derivado de diferentes tipos de alianzas (i.e., colaboracion en I+D, la subcontratacion de I + D), evaluando su impacto en la formacion de complementariedades inter-organizativas en I+D. En segundo lugar, la tesis analiza como las empresas organizan estrategias alternativas dedicadas a la busqueda de conocimiento tecnologico, considerando que dichas estrategias difieren entre si en cuanto a sus perfiles tecnologicos y organizativos. La tesis presenta una nueva taxonomia que propone tres modelos genericos mediante los cuales las empresas pueden organizan sus actividades de busqueda tecnologica: el modelo ambidiestro, el modelo especializado y el modelo diversificado. Desde el punto de vista empirico, la tesis analiza las consecuencias sobre la capacidad de innovacion de las empresas asociados a la implementacion de estos modelos. Adicionalmente, se comparan estos modelos en cuanto a su capacidad de producir complementariedades durante el proceso de innovacion de las empresas. En tercer lugar, la tesis estudia la aplicacion de de modelos inter-organizativos de ambidestreza en I + D como metodo de organizacion de las actividades de exploracion y explotacion en I+D. En particular, se analiza la capacidad de este metodo a la hora de equilibrar las tensiones producidas en la integracion de actividades de exploracion y explotacion en I + D. Teniendo en cuenta los efectos potenciales de estos modelos sobre la innovacion en las empresas, la tesis evalua las principales consecuencias asociadas con su adopcion.
This research provides a description of the process followed in order to assemble a "Social Accou... more This research provides a description of the process followed in order to assemble a "Social Accounting Matrix" for Spain corresponding to the year 2000 (SAMSP00). As argued in the paper, this process attempts to reconcile ESA95 conventions with requirements of applied general equilibrium modelling. Particularly, problems related to the level of aggregation of net taxation data, and to the valuation system used for expressing the monetary value of input-output transactions have deserved special attention. Since the adoption of ESA95 conventions, input-output transactions have been preferably valued at basic prices, which impose additional difficulties on modellers interested in computing applied general equilibrium models. This paper addresses these difficulties by developing a procedure that allows SAM-builders to change the valuation system of input-output transactions conveniently. In addition, this procedure produces new data related to net taxation information.
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