Corrigendum to “Improved documentation following the implementation of a trauma registry: A means of sustainability for trauma registries in low- and middle-income countries” [Injury, 52 (2021) pages 2672–2676]
Figure 6 from: Fahelelbom KMS, Saleh A, Mansour R, Abujarad R (2023) Utilization of green ATR-FTIR spectroscopic method for quantitative analysis of Ibuprofen tablets. Pharmacia 70(4): 999-1004. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e110439
>< \( • i a t L' d So I. i d W a~.; t. c• * hy Abdullah /\. 0.:_Jeh and Josepl1 lluvlicek, Jr:. I... more >< \( • i a t L' d So I. i d W a~.; t. c• * hy Abdullah /\. 0.:_Jeh and Josepl1 lluvlicek, Jr:. I. lntroduct.l.on Currently Lhcre Is ,•onsJdf,rable p11hllc ,_:oncern with the lncreaH[n~ level and varying composition of residential i;olid waste. Rnughly,one th:i.rd of residential irnJ l<l waste emanatt> from food and food containers. The food industry is oftu1 accused of lic1ving ,1ggravated the problem of managing the ever incrc.i:; Ing waste load,; through over-packaging. Reliable information which dei,cribes the level and compositi.on of consumption residt,als and tl1c Lr relationship to household consumpUon patterns is scarce if nol lacking. Yel sue!, information l.s fundamental to a better undersLandLng of the solid waste problem and to the formulation of policJes ,, iml••i at coping with .! (. This paper ad<lre,;.,ies itself to ] inkin~; E-rnlid waste from food consumption activiU_eH t•o c:onsumer behavior. A theoretical framework for conceptualizing the :;o.l Id waste ~enerat. lon process ln connection with consumption behavior Li given in Sm:tlon II. The economi.c model and hypotheses are pn!1ie11U•d in Sel'.tion ll l. Data and estimation are disc11sHed in Spc LI.on IV. Ernpl r l cal re~iul ti1 are analyzed in Section V, and some concluding rem,u-ks are g.lven l.n Section VI. The TheoretJcal Framework -, The traditional theory of consumer behavior avoidH any explicit discu~sion of consumption residuals. Lt I mp lie i tly asE-111mes t.ha t the
Pengaruh Mesh Karbon Aktif Dan Laju Alir Gas Terhadap Peningkatan Metana Dalam Kualitas Compressed Natural Gas
Jurnal Teknik Kimia, Aug 1, 2017
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) merupakan bahan bakar gas berupa gas alam yang telah dikompresi pad... more Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) merupakan bahan bakar gas berupa gas alam yang telah dikompresi pada tekanan 200-240 bar. Komponen utama dalam Compressed natural gas adalah CH 4 , dan gas pengotor yang ditinjau dari penelitian ini yakni N 2 dan O 2 . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran mesh karbon aktif dan laju alir gas terhadap peningkatan metana dalam kualitas Compressed natural gas . Serta mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi menggunakan persamaan isoterm freundlich . Variasi ukuran mesh karbon aktif yaitu 10 mesh, 60 mesh, dan 120 mesh. Dan variasi laju alir gas 1 L/menit, 2 L/menit, dan 3 L/menit. Hasil analisa menunjukkan persentase metana sampel awal sebesar 77,86 %mol. Setelah dilakukan proses pemurnian didapatkan peningkatan persentase metana dan penurunan persentase nitrogen dan oksigen pada setiap penambahan mesh karbon aktif dan penurunan laju alir gas. Persentase metana tertinggi ialah 92,78 %mol pada karbon aktif 120 mesh dengan laju alir 1 L/menit. Dengan menggunakan persamaan isoterm freundlich untuk penyerapan gas nitrogen oleh karbon aktif didapatkan nilai konstanta k sebesar 0,02911mol/gram dan konstanta n sebesar 4,13223.
Pengaruh Massa Zeolit Dan Laju Alir Compressed Natural Gas Terhadap Peningkatan Metana Melalui Proses Pemurnian
Jurnal Teknik Kimia, Apr 1, 2017
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) adalah salah satu jenis gas alam dimana komponen utamanya yaitu meta... more Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) adalah salah satu jenis gas alam dimana komponen utamanya yaitu metana (CH 4 ) dan gas pengotor yang ditinjau pada penelitian ini N 2 dan O 2 . CNG saat ini digunakan sebagai energi pengganti bahan bakar minyak yang tepat karena harganya yang ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor pada CNG agar didapatkan nilai metana yang lebih besar perlu dilakukan pemurnian (purifikasi) dengan metode adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben zeolit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh massa zeolit dan laju alir CNG terhadap peningkatan metana. Adapun variasi massa zeolit yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu 800 gram, 900 gram dan 1000 gram. Laju alir gas yang digunakan dengan variasi 1 L/menit, 2 L/menit dan 3 L/menit. Hasil analisa menunjukkan sampel awal metana sebesar 77.86% mol. Setelah pemurnian peningkatan metana terjadi pada setiap penambahan massa zeolit dan penurunan laju alir. Persentase metana yang paling tinggi diperoleh pada massa zeolit 1000 gram dengan laju alir 1 L/menit dengan nilai metana sebesar 92.88 % mol. Dengan menggunakan persamaan freundlich untuk penyerapan gas nitrogen dan didapat nilai kapasitas adsorpsi (k) sebesar 0.023 mol/gram dan konstanta adsorpsi (n) sebesar 4.032.
What makes global healthcare partnerships successful? A systematic review
Global Public Health, Mar 9, 2021
ABSTRACT Academic communities are increasingly involved in efforts to address the overwhelming bu... more ABSTRACT Academic communities are increasingly involved in efforts to address the overwhelming burden of disease in low-middle income countries. There is, however, little research dedicated to understanding the best approach to creating a successful and sustainable global healthcare project. Our objective was to review the shared characteristics of successful healthcare partnerships between high- and low-middle income countries. Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic review. Articles, describing collaborative, healthcare partnerships between a high- and low-middle income countries between 1910 and September 2018, were included. Twenty-six articles were included. The majority of collaborations were initiated by either the host institution or as a joint decision between institutions. The primary goal of these collaborations revolved around medical education/training and curriculum development. Two partnerships, after more than a decade of collaboration, had achieved a self-sustaining programme. Lack of funding was identified as a major barrier to sustainability. Successful global healthcare partnerships require true collaboration and equal participation of all partners. Funding should be secured prior to programme development in anticipation of a minimum 10-year project. A minimum list of guidelines has been proposed to improve the chances of both a successful and sustainable collaboration.
Obstacles of Implementing the Online Teaching Method in Inclusive Schools During the COVID-19 from Special Education Teachers’ Perspective in Saudi Arabia
Pengaruh Penambahan Koagulan Terhadap Air Musi Untuk Mencapai Bahan Baku Air Demin Setara Air Produksi DI Pltu Keramasan Palembang
Jurnal Teknik Kimia, Apr 1, 2011
Air demin merupakan air yang digunakan untuk membentuk steam di suatu industri dengan menggunakan... more Air demin merupakan air yang digunakan untuk membentuk steam di suatu industri dengan menggunakan boiler. Air ini memiliki karekteristik yang berbeda dengan air biasanya yaitu kesadahanya maksimal 0.05 ppm, pH nya berkisar antara 7.59 – 8.70, silika antara 0.102 – 0.085 mg/l, dan konduktivity 3.1 – 7.9 ms/cm. Untuk mendapatkan air demin maka air musi ditretment mulai dari proses koagulasi, proses flokulasi, penyaringan, dan pemurnian air dengan menggunakan aquademin. Dari percobaan analisa silika dan kesadahan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak koagulan yang ditambahkan maka semakin kecil kandungan silika dan kesadahan yang terdapat dalam air. Hubungan antara lamanya waktu dalam proses kougulasi dan flokulasi terhadap kandungan silika dan jumlah kesadahan, bahwa semakin lama semakin menurun kebawah nilainya yaitu silika dari 0.368 mg/l menjadi 0.0867 mg/l dan penurunan kesadahan dari 0.0989 ppm menjadi 0.05 ppm pada penambahan tawas ke dalam air sungai musi. Dan pada penambahan PAC ke dalam air sungai musi, didapatkan karakteristik yang sesuai dengan air demin yaitu kandungan silika 0.085 ppm dan nilai kesadahan sebesar 0.05 ppm pada saat proses koagulasi dilakukan selama 60 menit dengan penambahan 35ppm PAC.
Miniature transformer is one of the most important components of electronic devices. A serious fa... more Miniature transformer is one of the most important components of electronic devices. A serious failure of such kind of transformer may cause loss of time and money. This paper presents a learning system to recognize internal fault of such kind of transformer. The different kinds of faults are made to occur intentionally and data are collected at various conditions. The faults include turn to turn, winding to ground, and dielectric faults. The data are then processed and entered in the learning algorithms to recognize the type of fault. We devise a learning system to recognize the various types of faults. Several versions of learning algorithms such as standard back propagation, Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian regulation, Resilient back propagation, Gradient descent, One-step secant, Elman recurrent network are used. The result of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was found to be faster than that of other algorithms. Therefore it is suitable for real time fault detection.
Utility of solar-powered oxygen delivery in a resource-constrained setting
Pulmonology, Jul 1, 2023
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood mortality globally. Children with severe pne... more BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood mortality globally. Children with severe pneumonia associated with hypoxaemia require oxygen (O2) therapy, which is scarce across resource-constrained countries. Solar-powered oxygen (SPO2) is a novel technology developed for delivering therapeutic O2 in resource-constrained environments. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the introduction of SPO2 associated with a reduction in mortality, relative to the existing practice? STUDY DESIGN This was a pragmatic, quasi-experimental study comparing mortality amongst children < 5 years of age with hypoxaemic respiratory illness before and after the installation of SPO2 in two resource-constrained hospitals. METHODS Participants were children < 5 years old admitted with acute hypoxaemic respiratory illness. The intervention was SPO2, installed at two resource-constrained hospitals. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality (time to death), length of hospital stay among survivors, duration of O2 therapy (time to wean O2), and O2 delivery system failure(s). RESULTS Mortality amongst children admitted with acute hypoxaemic respiratory illness decreased from 30/50 (60%) pre-SPO2 to 15/50 (30%) post-SPO2 (relative risk reduction 50%, 95%CI 19 - 69, p = 0.0049). The post-SPO2 period was consistently associated with decreased mortality in statistical models adjusting for potential confounding factors. Likewise, survival curves pre- and post- SPO2 differed significantly (hazard ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.20 - 0.74, p = 0.0043). A reduction in the frequency of O2 delivery interruptions due to fuel shortages and multiple patients needing the concentrator at once was observed, explaining the mortality reduction. INTERPRETATION Solar-powered oxygen installation was associated with decreased mortality in resource-constrained settings.
Implementation of solar powered oxygen delivery in a conflict zone: preliminary findings from Somalia on feasibility and usefulness
Medicine, Conflict and Survival
Access to therapeutic oxygen in low-resource settings remains a significant global problem. Solar... more Access to therapeutic oxygen in low-resource settings remains a significant global problem. Solar powered oxygen (SPO2) delivery is a reliable and cost-effective solution. We followed implementation research methodology to gather data on engineering parameters (remote monitoring), nurse training (before and after knowledge questionnaire), patients treated with SPO2 (descriptive case series), and qualitative user feedback (focus group discussions). In January 2021, SPO2 was installed at Hanano General Hospital in Dusamareb, Galmudug State, Somalia, in a conflict-affected region. Daily photovoltaic cell output (median 8.0 kWh, interquartile range (IQR) 2.6-14) exceeded the electrical load from up to three oxygen concentrators (median 5.0 kWh, IQR 0.90-12). Over the first six months after implementation, 114 patients (age 1 day to 89 years, 54% female) were treated for hypoxaemic illnesses, including COVID-19, pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia, asthma, and trauma. Qualitative end user feedback highlighted SPO2 acceptability. Violent conflict was identified as a contextual factor affecting local oxygen needs. We provide the preliminary findings of this implementation research study and describe the feasibility, fidelity, rapid adoption, usefulness, and acceptability of SPO2 in a low-resource setting characterized by violent conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings demonstrated the lifesaving feasibility of SPO2 in volatile settings.
Extraction and fractionation of organic matters from Jordanian-origin oil shale under different operational parameters
Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
Abstract Recently, there has been an interest in solvent extraction for extraction organic matter... more Abstract Recently, there has been an interest in solvent extraction for extraction organic matter from oil shale. Heating of oil shale in an inert atmosphere facilitated the extraction of the organic matter by solvent extraction. In this research, shale oil obtained by Soxhlet extraction was separated and characterized, and this was not studied previously. The best Soxhlet extraction conditions were 25.0 g oil shale (preheated at 400 °C), particle size of 250–500 µm, 400.0 mL tetrahydrofurane, and 5.0 h extraction time, where 68% of the organic matter was extracted, which is considered a high value compared to published results. Both THF and dichloromethane were effective extractants, the former due to its moderate dipole moment and low hydrophobicity, while the later due to its high solubility factor (20.2) which can swell kerogen and facilitate organic extraction. The significant output of this research is the variability in the composition of oil obtained by solvent extraction compared to conventional thermal retorting, as the first has large fractions of saturated and polar compounds (85%) while small fractions of aromatics (11%). Spectroscopic analysis by FTIR and 1H-NMR was important in identifying the components of the extracted oil, especially saturated hydrocarbons.
Pengaruh Penambahan Koagulan Terhadap Air Musi Untuk Mencapai Bahan Baku Air Demin Setara Air Produksi DI Pltu Keramasan Palembang
Air demin merupakan air yang digunakan untuk membentuk steam di suatu industri dengan menggunakan... more Air demin merupakan air yang digunakan untuk membentuk steam di suatu industri dengan menggunakan boiler. Air ini memiliki karekteristik yang berbeda dengan air biasanya yaitu kesadahanya maksimal 0.05 ppm, pH nya berkisar antara 7.59 – 8.70, silika antara 0.102 – 0.085 mg/l, dan konduktivity 3.1 – 7.9 ms/cm. Untuk mendapatkan air demin maka air musi ditretment mulai dari proses koagulasi, proses flokulasi, penyaringan, dan pemurnian air dengan menggunakan aquademin. Dari percobaan analisa silika dan kesadahan menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak koagulan yang ditambahkan maka semakin kecil kandungan silika dan kesadahan yang terdapat dalam air. Hubungan antara lamanya waktu dalam proses kougulasi dan flokulasi terhadap kandungan silika dan jumlah kesadahan, bahwa semakin lama semakin menurun kebawah nilainya yaitu silika dari 0.368 mg/l menjadi 0.0867 mg/l dan penurunan kesadahan dari 0.0989 ppm menjadi 0.05 ppm pada penambahan tawas ke dalam air sungai musi. Dan pada penambahan PAC ...
Improved documentation following the implementation of a trauma registry: A means of sustainability for trauma registries in low- and middle-income countries
Injury, 2021
INTRODUCTION Trauma registries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are critical for impro... more INTRODUCTION Trauma registries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are critical for improving trauma care; however, while some registries have been established in low-income settings, few are sustained due to a lack of sustainable funding. In many LMIC institutions, funding is dependent on documentation of trauma patients, but patient records may be of poor quality, missing, or incomplete. The development of a trauma registry and electronic patient registration system could be used to improve documentation of trauma patients in a low-income setting and lead to increased funding for trauma care. METHODS A retrospective chart review of trauma patients at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda was performed, documenting the monthly admissions from January 2015-July 2016 prior to the establishment of a trauma registry. A trauma registry and electronic patient registration system were established in 2017, and monthly admissions from February 2017-December 2019 were documented. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed comparing the incident rate of admission pre-implementation of the registry compared to post-implementation, adjusting for month and year. Completeness of trauma patient records was also assessed. RESULTS Prior to the implementation of the trauma registry and patient registration system (2015-2016), there was a mean of 5.2 (SD 4.4) trauma records per month identified. Following the implementation of the trauma registry, a mean of 103.4 trauma records per month were documented (SD 32.0) for an increased incident rate ratio of 20.9 (95% CI 15.7-27.6, p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in percentage of documents completed (OR 49.1, CI 12.4-193.7, p<0.001). DISCUSSION Following the implementation of a trauma registry and electronic patient registration system at this low-income country hospital, an increase of 20.9 times completed trauma patient documentation was identified, and completion of the records improved. This more accurate documentation could be used to apply for increased government funding for trauma patients and sustain the trauma registry in the long term and could represent a means of long-term sustainability for other trauma registries in LMICs.
Interval wavelength selection and simultaneous quantification of spectrally overlapping food colorants by multivariate calibration
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2021
Variables selection is often necessary to remove redundant data and to reduce the negative influe... more Variables selection is often necessary to remove redundant data and to reduce the negative influence of spectral overlapping. In the current work, two interval variable selection methods were applied to quantify five coloring agents (Tartrazine TAR, Sunset Yellow SY, Allura Red AR, Brilliant Blue BBL, and Brilliant Black BBK) which exhibited intense spectral overlapping in powdered soft drinks. Interval partial least squares iPLS and net analyte signal NAS methodology were used to pick up the most informative variables for dyes quantification in powdered soft drinks. Based on NAS calculations, the optimum sensitivity and selectivity for dyes measurement were found to be (1.23–5.56) and (0.30–0.72), respectively and at pH 3.0. Moreover, the minimum spectral overlapping (28–70%) among dyes was observed at pH 3.0 while the maximum overlapping (38–74%) was at pH 10.0. Interval partial least squares iPLS was more capable to handle the overlapping between SY and AR dyes. On the other hand, net analyte signal method was effective to capturing the informative regions for dyes of lower spectral overlapping, TAR, BBL, and BBK. In the case of AR, the best prediction (REP% 2.4) was achieved at 350–530 nm using iPLS. However, the best prediction of BBL (REP% 3.4%) was achieved at 655–680 nm (i.e., 6 variables) using NAS/PLS regression. The ability NAS/PLS regression, which uses fewer number of variables, was attributed to NAS mechanism which extracts the net signal of the analyte, thus; preventing overlapping with the rest of compounds signals and this will elegantly leads to fewer number of variables. The superiority of iPLS to calibrate intensely overlapping dyes is attributed to its inherent mechanism of selecting the spectral data that include all possible variables leading to better prediction. At the optimum calibration conditions, the dyes were detected in powdered soft drinks with adequate accuracy (%recoveries 97.3–107.5) and precision (RSD 3.1–9.30). The maximum total concentration of dyes was reported in orange drink samples reaching to 567 mg/kg. The result highlights and emphasizes the highly required further monitoring of this type of food, considering the damages of such popular synthetic dyes to human health. Analysis of results by ANOVA indicated that the total content of dyes was statistically comparable in the samples while the total content of each single dye was statistically different in tested samples.
IntroductionAn unmet burden of surgical disease exists worldwide and is disproportionately should... more IntroductionAn unmet burden of surgical disease exists worldwide and is disproportionately shouldered by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). As the field of global surgery grows to meet this need, ethical considerations need to be addressed. Currently, there are no formal guidelines to help inform relevant stakeholders of the ethical challenges and considerations facing global surgical collaborations. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesise the existing literature on ethics in global surgery and identify gaps in the current knowledge.MethodsA scoping review of relevant databases to identify the literature pertaining to ethics in global surgery was performed. Eligible articles addressed at least one ethical consideration in global surgery. A grounded theory approach to content analysis was used to identify themes in the included literature and guide the identification of gaps in existing literature.ResultsFour major ethical domains were identified in the literatur...
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