Papers by Danielle M Reynald
Guardianship
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2018
The concept of guardianship has been defined as “any spatio-temporally specific supervision of pe... more The concept of guardianship has been defined as “any spatio-temporally specific supervision of people or property by other people which may prevent criminal violations from occurring.” As a key process of crime prevention and control by informal citizens, research on guardianship has revealed that it is negatively associated with crime, suggesting its importance as an effective crime control strategy. This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical origins of the guardianship concept, and reviews key empirical studies that have contributed to the development of criminological understanding of how guardianship functions to control crime. It concludes with a discussion of current research being done and the new directions currently being charted for continued insights into the processes and mechanisms that facilitate effective guardianship for crime prevention.
Criminal Justice Review, Aug 14, 2017
and a member of the Griffith Criminology Institute in Brisbane, Australia. Her PhD examined Guard... more and a member of the Griffith Criminology Institute in Brisbane, Australia. Her PhD examined Guardianship In Action (GIA) in the Brisbane suburbs. Her other research interests include situational crime prevention, crime prevention through environmental design, and elder abuse prevention.
Daytime and Nighttime Guardianship and Property Crime: Considering the Offender’s Perspective
The Guardians, Guardianship and Defensible Space in Residential Crime Prevention
European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, Apr 9, 2018
Supervision has been identified within criminology as an important element of crime prevention; h... more Supervision has been identified within criminology as an important element of crime prevention; however, little is known about the individual factors that explain this behaviour among residential guardians. Unique self-report data on daily surveillance routines of residents were gathered from a national sample of 4824 respondents in the Netherlands to explore the key factors that facilitate and inhibit supervision. It was tentatively estimated that residents carry out supervision roughly a quarter of the time they are at home. Further analyses revealed that individual resident characteristics, such as their perceptions of crime, sense of responsibility for guarding, security training, courageousness and national security values positively predict supervision intensity. Conversely, self-esteem and trust were found to negatively affect supervision. Results suggest that manipulable individual factors such as attitudes are more important at predicting supervision than comparatively static factors such as personality. Implications for criminological theory that explains the concept of supervision as a function of guardianship, and how it can be fostered as a crime control mechanism within residential contexts, will be discussed.
Guardianship and Informal Social Control
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Mar 28, 2018
This article provides a critical overview of the concepts of guardianship and informal social con... more This article provides a critical overview of the concepts of guardianship and informal social control. The discussion compares these fundamental criminological concepts and highlights areas where there is overlap, as well as key points of departure. The relationship between these concepts is scrutinized to illustrate their distinct origins as well as the distinctive ways each of these concepts have developed within the criminological literature. This article focuses on informal social control as a multi-level community process, and on guardianship as a multi-dimensional situational concept comprising, in its most fundamental form, the presence or availability of guardians, inadvertent and/or purposive supervision and direct or indirect intervention. In doing so it showcases the dimensions of guardianship which bear close resemblance to aspects of informal social control, while simultaneously emphasizing that there are important distinctions to consider when comparing some of these dimensions and the levels at which they operate. One core distinction is that informal social control is dependent on neighborhood social ties and collectively shared expectations. On the other hand, while guardianship can be strengthened by social ties at the street-block or neighborhood level, it does not necessarily require such ties to function effectively at the microlevel. Although these concepts do coincide the discussion stresses that theoretical and empirical clarification about what makes them distinct is important. In conclusion, this article shows how each concept makes a unique contribution to criminological understanding about the role of informal citizens in crime control at places.
Informal Guardians and Offender Decision Making
Oxford University Press eBooks, Jun 6, 2017
Research has demonstrated that informal guardians affect offender decision making in a variety of... more Research has demonstrated that informal guardians affect offender decision making in a variety of crime contexts. This chapter highlights what can be learned from empirical research about the way offenders perceive informal guardianship and how it affects criminal choices. Focusing specifically on studies that elucidate the offenders’ perspective on guardians, this chapter reviews what is known from studies on burglars, armed robbers, and sex offenders about how guardianship factors into their criminal decision making. Based on these offender accounts, the chapter reveals the patterns that emerge around (a) the stages of the crime event process in which guardianship is most likely to influence various types of offenders and (b) what form of guardianship is most effective in discouraging different offenders at different stages of the crime event.
Theories Related to Defensible Space and Guardianship of Residential Environments
“I let it go:” Quantifying residential guardianship intentions when witnessing wildlife poaching
Biological Conservation, 2023
Decision Making by Guardians: Factors Affecting the Decision to Intervene
Supplement to Chapters 8 and 9: Supervision, Intervention and the Neighbourhood Context
Presenting Guardianship in Action: How Local Residents Guard Against Crime
Formal and informal guardianship
Affect and the dynamic foreground of predatory street crime: Desperation, anger and fear
Routledge eBooks, Jan 13, 2022
Everyday routine activities affect the convergence in space and time of motivated offenders, suit... more Everyday routine activities affect the convergence in space and time of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and capable guardians. When locations of convergence are studied in this context, they tend to be viewed as part of a much larger pattern of movements through one's normal activity space. Although our understanding of crime and victimisation risk has been advanced considerably by studying places where incidents occur and our movements to-andfrom them, far less is known about our everyday routine activities within locations that are part of our daily activity patterns and how our behaviour while at these places influence criminal opportunitiesincluding opportunities for preventing crime. In response, the current study explores the impact of individuals' daily microroutines undertaken while at home on opportunities to supervise and act as guardians over their suburban surroundings. Using a sample of Brisbane suburban residents who completed semistructured interviews (N = 20), we show how daily macroroutines affected when residents are home; but more importantly, how their daily microroutines influenced whenand for how longthey are able to engage in supervision over their residential areas. Implications for opportunity theories in general and measurement of guardianship behaviour, in particular, are discussed.
Environmental Predictors of Active Residential Guardianship
Crime prevention through environmental design: Evolution, theory and practice
Victimization and Social Control in Amsterdam Cafés and Coffeeshops
Informeel en formeel guardianship
Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Oct 25, 2018
Research suggests that personal and situational characteristics influence how and when residents ... more Research suggests that personal and situational characteristics influence how and when residents provide guardianship over where they live (Reynald, 2010). However, there is limited empirical scholarship regarding what motivates residents to act as guardians and control crime in different contexts. The current study explores the role motivation and opportunity play in facilitating monitoring and intervention among potential guardians against crime in suburban Australia. Twenty semi-structured interviews with Brisbane suburban residents were conducted and suggested the existence of four typologies of suburban guardians: active, opportunistic, responsive, and non-guardians. Factors crucial to facilitating monitoring include the physical design of houses, relationships with neighbours, prior victimisation, and daily routine activities. Direct intervention is supported by feelings of responsibility and capability. Other themes found to support guardianship decision-making were also identified, and results suggest that residents supervise and monitor their street regardless of current crime rates. Implications for theory and practice, and directions for future research, are discussed.
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Papers by Danielle M Reynald