Algal bioethanol production technology A trend towards sustainable development Elsevier Enhanced Reader
Fuel security, economics and climate change issues are creating a requirement for alternative ren... more Fuel security, economics and climate change issues are creating a requirement for alternative renewable fuels. Bioethanol produced by algal biomass is becoming increasingly popular all over the world due to the sustainability of feed stock and environmentally friendly nature. This review paper describes the bioethanol production technology from algae using various cultivation, harvesting, extraction and commercialization techniques and its environmental perspectives. The economic sustainability of algae-derived bioethanol biofuel depends on the cost of production that could be minimized by producing valuable secondary by-products, which is the aim of current algal biofuel research. Future technologies with sufficient potential for maximum extraction capacity and minimal downstream processing using low cost feedstock will address the cost-effectiveness of renewable bioethanol biofuel.
The biochemical composition of seston along a salinity gradient were examined in the low-turbidit... more The biochemical composition of seston along a salinity gradient were examined in the low-turbidity, temperate, estuarine embayment, Gwangyang Bay in Korea. Seasonal variations in sestonic protein (PRT), carbohydrate (CHO), and lipid (LIP) concentrations were analyzed to assess the effects of physiological status and taxonomic composition of phytoplankton. The concentrations of biochemical compounds displayed a close relationship with chlorophyll a (Chla). PRT:CHO ratios were high (>1.0) in the estuarine channel in warmer months and in whole bay in February, indicating a N-replete condition for phytoplankton growth. High CHO:LIP ratios (>2.5) in the saline deep-bay area during the warmer months (>2.0) emphasized the importance of temperature and photoperiod over nutritional conditions. The low POC:Chla (<200), molar C:N (~7) ratios, and biopolymeric carbon concentrations coupled with high primary productivity indicated a low detrital contribution to the particulate organi...
The biochemical composition of seston along a salinity gradient were examined in the low-turbidit... more The biochemical composition of seston along a salinity gradient were examined in the low-turbidity, temperate, estuarine embayment, Gwangyang Bay in Korea. Seasonal variations in sestonic protein (PRT), carbohydrate (CHO), and lipid (LIP) concentrations were analyzed to assess the effects of physiological status and taxonomic composition of phytoplankton. The concentrations of biochemical compounds displayed a close relationship with chlorophyll a (Chla). PRT:CHO ratios were high (>1.0) in the estuarine channel in warmer months and in whole bay in February, indicating a N-replete condition for phytoplankton growth. High CHO:LIP ratios (>2.5) in the saline deep-bay area during the warmer months (>2.0) emphasized the importance of temperature and photoperiod over nutritional conditions. The low POC:Chla (<200), molar C:N (~7) ratios, and biopolymeric carbon concentrations coupled with high primary productivity indicated a low detrital contribution to the particulate organi...
Wind energy is one of the fastest growing sources of power generation in the world. While general... more Wind energy is one of the fastest growing sources of power generation in the world. While general public and political support for wind energy is often high, siting wind farms frequently raises concerns in local communities, and individual projects often fail because of effective public opposition. This paper presents the results of a postal and online survey questionnaire that explores public perceptions of wind energy in two of the most important states for wind development, Texas and Iowa. The goal is a better understanding of public reactions to large-scale wind developments as a prerequisite of more widespread use of renewable energy resources. We found a high level of public support for wind energy, with more than two-thirds of respondents being in favor of building more wind farms either in their community or within the U.S. as a whole. Given that the majority of respondents had a very high level of concern for the general environment, we also found that almost two-thirds of ...
Fuel security, economics and climate change issues are creating a requirement for alternative ren... more Fuel security, economics and climate change issues are creating a requirement for alternative renewable fuels. Bioethanol produced by algal biomass is becoming increasingly popular all over the world due to the sustainability of feed stock and environmentally friendly nature. This review paper describes the bioethanol production technology from algae using various cultivation, harvesting, extraction and commercialization techniques and its environmental perspectives. The economic sustainability of algae-derived bioethanol biofuel depends on the cost of production that could be minimized by producing valuable secondary by-products, which is the aim of current algal biofuel research. Future technologies with sufficient potential for maximum extraction capacity and minimal downstream processing using low cost feedstock will address the cost-effectiveness of renewable bioethanol biofuel.
food web dynamics outline the ecosystem processes that regulate community structure. challenges i... more food web dynamics outline the ecosystem processes that regulate community structure. challenges in the approaches used to capture topological descriptions of food webs arise due to the difficulties in collecting extensive empirical data with temporal and spatial variations in community structure and predator-prey interactions. Here, we use a Kohonen self-organizing map algorithm (as a measure of community pattern) and stable isotope-mixing models (as a measure of trophic interaction) to identify food web patterns across a low-turbidity water channel of a temperate estuarine-coastal continuum. We find a spatial difference in the patterns of community compositions between the estuarine and deep-bay channels and a seasonal difference in the plankton pattern but less in the macrobenthos and nekton communities. Dietary mixing models of co-occurring dominant taxa reveal site-specific but unchanging food web topologies and the prominent role of phytoplankton in the trophic base of pelagic and prevalent-detrital benthic pathways. our approach provides realistic frameworks for linking key nodes from producers to predators in trophic networks.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In estuaries, the sources of organic matter, its composition, and its functional role in the
coas... more In estuaries, the sources of organic matter, its composition, and its functional role in the coastal ecosystem food web are all influenced by dominant estuarine processes. We investigated seasonal variations in the quantity and composition of dissolved inorganic nutrients, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and phytoplankton across a low-turbidity estuarine–coastal continuum in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea. The narrow estuarine channel has a sharp salinity gradient (from 0 to around 30) and low SPM concentrations (<20 mg L−1 ). The channel carries river discharge, with a large quantity of nutrients (NO3 and SiO2), into the bay. The especially low SPM concentrations in the estuary (range: 2.0–29.1 mg L−1 ), and generous nutrient source, create an exceptionally low-turbidity condition in the water column and high primary productivity with no conspicuous spatial or seasonal trends. Gradually increasing δ 13C values, low POC:Chla (<200), and low molar C:N (4–8) in the SPM, together with higher Chla concentrations at low SPM locations along the longitudinal transect, suggest that local production of phytoplankton has a strong influence on the distributional patterns of particulate organic matter. Short water-residence times, within the bay system, impede the accumulation of diverseorigin organic matter. The community composition of phytoplankton, distinguished by their size group, also plays a role in characterizing SPM quantity and composition. The results indicate that autochthonous pelagic production governs biogeochemical features in the low-turbidity estuarine embayment, contrasting with a prevalence of allochthonous organic matter, and its active processing, in highly turbid and/or longer residence-time systems.
Phytoplankton Fuel Fish Food Webs in a Low-Turbidity Temperate Coastal Embayment: A Stable Isotope Approach
Frontiers in Marine Science
Trophic contributions of diverse OM sources to estuarine and coastal food webs differ substantial... more Trophic contributions of diverse OM sources to estuarine and coastal food webs differ substantially across systems around the world, particularly for nekton (fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans), which utilize basal resources from multiple sources over space and time because of their mobility and feeding behaviors at multiple trophic levels. We investigated the contributions of putative OM sources to fish food webs and assessed the spatiotemporal patterns, structures, and trophic connectivity in fish food webs across four seasons from three closely spaced (10–15 km) sites: an estuarine channel (EC), a deep bay (DB), and an offshore (OS) region in Gwangyang Bay, a high-productivity, low-turbidity estuarine embayment off the Republic of Korea. While nearly all previous studies have focused on few representative species, we examined δ13C and δ15N values of whole nekton communities along with dominant benthic macro-invertebrates, zooplankton, and their putative primary food sources. The ...
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Papers by Riaz Bibi
coastal ecosystem food web are all influenced by dominant estuarine processes. We
investigated seasonal variations in the quantity and composition of dissolved inorganic
nutrients, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and phytoplankton across a low-turbidity
estuarine–coastal continuum in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea. The narrow estuarine
channel has a sharp salinity gradient (from 0 to around 30) and low SPM concentrations
(<20 mg L−1
). The channel carries river discharge, with a large quantity of nutrients (NO3
and SiO2), into the bay. The especially low SPM concentrations in the estuary (range:
2.0–29.1 mg L−1
), and generous nutrient source, create an exceptionally low-turbidity
condition in the water column and high primary productivity with no conspicuous spatial
or seasonal trends. Gradually increasing δ
13C values, low POC:Chla (<200), and low
molar C:N (4–8) in the SPM, together with higher Chla concentrations at low SPM
locations along the longitudinal transect, suggest that local production of phytoplankton
has a strong influence on the distributional patterns of particulate organic matter. Short
water-residence times, within the bay system, impede the accumulation of diverseorigin organic matter. The community composition of phytoplankton, distinguished by
their size group, also plays a role in characterizing SPM quantity and composition.
The results indicate that autochthonous pelagic production governs biogeochemical
features in the low-turbidity estuarine embayment, contrasting with a prevalence of
allochthonous organic matter, and its active processing, in highly turbid and/or longer
residence-time systems.