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jeden

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See also: jëden

Czech

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Czech numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: jeden
    Ordinal: první
    Adverbial: jedenkrát, jednikrát, jednou
    Repetition adjective: jednonásobný
    Collective: jedny

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈjɛdɛn]
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Czech jeden, from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (one, single).

Numeral

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jeden m (feminine jedna, neuter jedno)

  1. one
    Je mi to jednoIt's no big deal; I don't care
Declension
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Declension of jeden (irregular)
singular
masculine feminine neuter
animate inanimate
nominative jeden jedna jedno
genitive jednoho jedné jednoho
dative jednomu jedné jednomu
accusative jednoho jeden jednu jedno
locative jednom jedné jednom
instrumental jedním jednou jedním
plural
masculine feminine neuter
animate inanimate
nominative jedni jedny jedna
genitive jedněch
dative jedněm
accusative jedny jedna
locative jedněch
instrumental jedněmi, jedněma
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Participle

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jeden

  1. masculine singular passive participle of jíst

Further reading

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German

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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jeden

  1. inflection of jeder:
    1. strong/mixed accusative masculine singular
    2. mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular

Kashubian

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Kashubian numbers (edit)
10
1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: jeden

Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Numeral

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    jeden

    1. one

    Declension

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    Declension of jeden (irregular)
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter virile non-virile
    animate inanimate
    nominative jeden jedna jedno jedny jedne
    genitive jednégò jedny jednégò jednëch
    dative jednémù jedny jednémù jednym
    accusative jednégò jeden jednã jedno jednëch jedne
    instrumental jednym jedną jednym jednyma
    locative jednym jedny jednym jednëch

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • jeden I”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
    • jeden II”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “jeden”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2]

    Old Czech

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    Old Czech numbers (edit)
    10
    1 2  →  10  → 
        Cardinal: jeden
        Ordinal: prvý, první
        Adverbial: jednú

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (one, single).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈjɛdɛn/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈjɛdɛn/

    Numeral

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    jeden

    1. one

    Declension

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    Declension of jeden (hard pronominal)
    singular
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative jeden jedna jedno
    genitive jednoho jedné jednoho
    dative jednomu jednéj, jednej jednomu
    accusative jedeninan+anml or
    jednohopers+anml
    jednu jedno
    locative jednom jednéj, jednej jednom
    instrumental jedniem jednú jedniem
    dual
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative jedna jedně
    genitive jednú
    dative jedněma
    accusative jedna jedně
    locative jednú
    instrumental jedněma
    plural
    masculine feminine neuter
    nominative jedni jedny jedna
    genitive jedněch
    dative jedněm
    accusative jedny jedna
    locative jedněch
    instrumental jedněmi

    Coordinate terms

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    Descendants

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    • Czech: jeden

    References

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    Old Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ. First attested in the 14th century.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /jɛdɛ(ː)n/
      • IPA(key): (15th CE) /jɛdɛn/, /jɛden/

      Numeral

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      jeden

      1. one
      2. first; one

      Declension

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      This numeral needs an inflection-table template.

      Pronoun

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      jeden

      1. a; some, a certain; one
      2. some man, some guy (undefined male person)
      3. every
        Synonym: każdy
      4. alone
        Synonym: sam
      5. same
        Synonym: sam

      Declension

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      This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

      Descendants

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      References

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      Old Slovak

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      Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edinъ.

        Numeral

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        jeden

        1. one
          • 1481, “ŽK 1481”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            geden plasstik
            one little cloak
          • 1484, “BYTČA 1484 SČL”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            kazeme gednemv z nas, aby se optal
            we order one of us to ask
          • 1585, “PLIEŠOVCE 1585”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            gedny nohawice
            one [pair of] pants
          • 1613, “RÁZTOČNO 1613”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            (kôň) na gedno oko slepý
            [a horse] blind in one eye
        2. solid, single, continuous (forming a complete whole or made of a single piece)
          • 1763, “KS 1763”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            unicolor: gednég bárwi
            of one [solid] color
        3. same, identical, shared (sharing a common origin, purpose, or identity)
          • 1666, “KoB 1666”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            ceremonye ne u wsseckjch gedne gsu
            ceremonies are not the same for everyone
          • 1691, “JELŠAVA 1691”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            z gednim umislem
            with one [the same] intention; unanimously
          • 1758, “GŠ 1758”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            Ambrosius a Augustín w geden zmisel prissli
            Ambrose and Augustine came to one [the same] mind; they agreed
        4. certain, some (referring to an unnamed or indefinite person, thing, or time)
          • 1473, “ŽK 1473”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            w gednem domie naybliz wedle domu rychtarzoweho
            in a certain house closest to the magistrate's house
          • 1600, “H. JASENO 1600”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            gedon dobrj czlowek
            a certain good man
          • 1756, “KB 1756”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            gedného dňa
            one day
        5. used with other numerals to express an estimate: about, approximately
          • 1600, “V. ČEPČÍN 1600”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            pred gednimi dwoma roky
            about one or two years ago
          • 1676, “KALAMENY 1676”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            za gedno dwaczat rokou
            for about twenty years
          • 1735, “TRENČÍN 1735”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            čgernich klincow gedno tisic
            about one thousand black nails
        6. used in connection with druhý (the other) to express reciprocity, contrast, sequence, or alternation: each other, one another, one... the other
          • 1473, “ŽK 1473”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            geden druheho napadne
            one attacks the other
          • 1483, “TRENČÍN 1483”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            gedne strane geden a druhey druhi dali sme list
            we gave a letter to one side and another to the other
          • 1729, “SKALICA 1729”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            yedno po druhom opakowat trikrate
            to repeat one after another three times
          • 18th c., “Kur 18. st”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            gruntowé z gedneg ruky do druheg prissli
            lands passed from one hand to another
        7. used in connections such as jedno-druhé to express randomness in choice: various things, something or other
          • 1763, “KS 1763”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            truhlička, do ktorég gedno-druhé kladu
            a small chest into which I put one thing or another
        8. (expressive) used in exclamations to emphasize a quality, usually negative
          • 1740, “V. KUBÍN 1740”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 1, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1991, →ISBN, →OCLC:
            ti si geden pes
            you are an absolute dog (scoundrel)

        Further reading

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        • Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “jeden”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

        Polish

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        Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia pl
        Polish numbers (edit)
        10
         ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
            Cardinal: jeden
            Ordinal: pierwszy
            Adverbial: jednokrotnie, jednokroć, raz
            Multiplier: pojedynczy, jednokrotny
            Distributive: pojedynczo
            Adverbial qualitative: jednorako
            Multiplier qualitative: jednoraki
            Fractional: całość
            Numeral noun: jedynka
            Relational adjective: jedynkowy

        Etymology

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          Inherited from Old Polish jeden.

          Pronunciation

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          Numeral

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          jeden

          1. one

          Usage notes

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          • In composite numbers (dwadzieścia jeden, trzydzieści jeden, czterdzieści jeden, etc.), jeden is indeclinable and creates a neuter-singular noun phrase. Thus:
          Było dwudziestu jeden ludzi tam.There were twenty-one people there.
          Zobaczyłem tam dwudziestu jeden ludzi.I saw twenty-one people there.

          Declension

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          Coordinate terms

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          Adjective

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          jeden (not comparable, no derived adverb)

          1. first; one
            Szedł z jednego kąta do drugiego.He was walking from one corner to the other.
          2. same; one
            Mają jeden cel.They have one goal.
          3. a; some, a certain; one
            jakiśpewien
            Mam jednego kota.I have a cat.
          4. denotes something composed of many smaller parts single; one
            jedna całośćsingle whole
          5. denotes a negative opinion to the listener held by the speaker; you!
            Ty byku jeden!You boob!
          6. (colloquial) only, merely denotes speakers disappointment with the small size or amount
            Synonym: jedyny

          Noun

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          jeden m pers (female equivalent jedna)

          1. (colloquial) some man, some guy (undefined male person)

          Declension

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          Noun

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          jeden m animal

          1. (colloquial) glass of vodka

          Declension

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          Derived terms

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          adjectives

          Trivia

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          According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jeden is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 309 times in scientific texts, 261 times in news, 217 times in essays, 191 times in fiction, and 174 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1152 times, making it the 34th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

          References

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          1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “jeden”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 163

          Further reading

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          Serbo-Croatian

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          Participle

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          jeden (Cyrillic spelling једен)

          1. passive past participle of jesti

          Slovak

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          Slovak numbers (edit)
          10
           ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
              Cardinal: jeden
              Ordinal: prvý
              Multiplier: jedenkrát, raz
              Adv. ord. mult. (-krát): prvýkrát
              Adv. ord. mult. (raz): prvý raz
              Adjectival multiplier: jednorazový
              Adverbial multiplier: jednorazovo
              Generic adjectival: jednaký
              Generic adverbial: jednako
              Collective: jedny, jedni
              Fractional: celá
              Noun: jednotka

          Etymology

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            Inherited from Old Slovak jeden.

            Pronunciation

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            • IPA(key): /jeden/, [ˈjeden]
            • Audio (Bratislava):(file)
            • Rhymes: -eden
            • Hyphenation: je‧den

            Numeral

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            jeden

            1. one
              zabiť dve muchy jednou ranouto kill two birds with one stone (literally, “to kill two flies with one blow”)
              staviť všetko na jednu kartuto put all one's eggs in one basket (literally, “to bet everything on one card”)
              robiť niečo jedným dychomto do something in one breath (literally, “to do something with one breath”)
              jedna lastovička leto nerobíone swallow does not make a summer (literally, “one swallow does not make summer”)
              jeden za všetkých, všetci za jednéhoone for all, all for one (literally, “one for all, all for one”)
              Kúpila som v obchode len jeden bochník chleba.I only bought one loaf of bread at the store.
            2. used in the connections jeden-dva, jeden či dva to express an approximate or small number: one or two
              Synonyms: niekoľko, zopár
              Bude to trvať len jednu-dve minúty, hneď som späť.It will take only one or two minutes; I'll be right back.
            3. solid, single (forming a complete whole or made of a single piece)
              Synonym: jediný
              Tento historický stôl je vytesaný z jedného kusa dubového dreva.This historical table is carved from one piece of oak wood.
            4. certain, some (referring to a person or thing known to the speaker but unnamed)
              Synonyms: určitý, istý
              Jedného dňa sa jednoducho zbalil a bez slova odišiel.One day he just packed up and left without a word.
            5. same, identical (sharing a common origin or identity)
              Synonyms: ten istý, tenže
              byť na jednej lodito be in the same boat (literally, “to be on one boat”)
              byť s niekým jedna rukato be thick as thieves (literally, “to be one hand with someone”)
              žiť pod jednou strechouto live under the same roof (literally, “to live under one roof”)
              ťahať za jeden povrazto pull together (literally, “to pull by one rope”)
              Obaja moji starí rodičia pochádzali z jednej dediny.Both of my grandparents came from the same village.
            6. used in connection with druhý (the other) to express reciprocity: each other, one another
              V tomto ťažkom období musíme jeden druhému pomáhať.In this difficult time, we must help one another.
            7. used in connection with druhý (the other) to express contrast, sequence, or alternation: one ... the other
              byť jednou nohou v hrobeto have one foot in the grave (literally, “to be with one leg in the grave”)
              ísť jedným uchom dnu a druhým vonto go in one ear and out the other (literally, “to go through one ear in and the other out”)
              zatvoriť jedno okoto turn a blind eye (literally, “to close one eye”)
              jeden o koze, druhý o vozeto talk at cross purposes (literally, “one about the goat, the other about the cart”)
              Zmenilo sa to z jedného dňa na druhý.It changed from one day to the next.
            8. nothing but, full of (expressing the exclusivity or completeness of a trait)
              Synonym: samý
              Po tom nešťastnom páde z bicykla bol jedna modrina.After that unfortunate fall from the bike, he was nothing but bruises.
            9. only in the form jedno: one thing (used as a noun to refer to a single fact or abstract matter)
              Jedno ti musím uznať: tvoja vytrvalosť je obdivuhodná.I have to grant you one thing: your perseverance is admirable.
            10. (expressive) used in exclamations to emphasize a quality, usually negative
              Ty luhár jeden! Už ti nikdy nebudem veriť.You absolute liar! I will never believe you again.

            Usage notes

            [edit]
            • The numeral jeden occupies a unique position in the Slovak numerical system as the only cardinal numeral that possesses a full inflectional paradigm across all genders, numbers, and cases. It behaves as an adjective and must always agree with its associated noun in gender, number, and case. In its declension, it follows the paradigm of the “short” adjectives (as e.g., hoden).
            • While primarily used in the singular, the plural forms jedni (virile) and jedny (nonvirile) are also standard. These plural forms function as collective numerals when used with pluralia tantum (e.g., jedny dvere) or in contrastive constructions in connection with druhý (the other) (e.g., jedni... druhí, meaning “some... others”).

            Declension

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            Declension of jeden (irregular)
            singular
            masculine feminine neuter
            animate inanimate
            nominative jeden jedna jedno
            genitive jedného jednej jedného
            dative jednému jednej jednému
            accusative jedného jeden jednu jedno
            locative jednom jednej jednom
            instrumental jedným jednou jedným
            plural
            masculine feminine/neuter
            virile nonvirile
            nominative jedni jedny
            genitive jedných
            dative jedným
            accusative jedných jedny
            locative jedných
            instrumental jednými

            Coordinate terms

            [edit]

            Further reading

            [edit]
            • jeden”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

            Spanish

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            Verb

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            jeden

            1. inflection of jedar:
              1. third-person plural present subjunctive
              2. third-person plural imperative