Papers by Balaram Pradhan
International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 2025
Odisha, a coastal state in India, has transformed its disaster management framework from a reacti... more Odisha, a coastal state in India, has transformed its disaster management framework from a reactive model to a proactive, resilience-centred approach in response to frequent cyclones, floods, and climate-related hazards. This shift, necessitated by the need to protect lives, infrastructure, and livelihoods, gained momentum after the catastrophic 1999 Super Cyclone, which claimed over 10,000 lives and exposed critical gaps in preparedness. Over the past two decades, Odisha's reforms have significantly reduced fatalities through improved policies, infrastructure, and community engagement. This review examines Odisha's evolution in disaster governance from 1999 to 2024, analysing key initiatives such as the establishment of the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSD-MA), early warning systems, cyclone shelters, and evacuation plans. Using the PRISMA framework, the study evaluates 40 peer-reviewed articles, reports, and policy documents to assess the impact of these measures. Despite progress, challenges remain, including last-mile connectivity in disaster warnings-particularly for remote tribal communities-and the growing threats posed by rising sea levels and intensifying cyclones. Nature-based solutions, such as mangrove restoration, and community-driven programs like Odisha's Tsunami Ready initiative (involving 26 villages) offer scalable strategies for enhancing resilience. These experiences provide valuable lessons for other vulnerable regions, such as Indonesia and the Philippines. Moving forward, prioritising technological integration, decentralised governance, and sustainable recovery strategies will be crucial for strengthening Odisha's long-term climate resilience.
Disaster Advances, 2025
Located in eastern India, Odisha has demonstrated exceptional resilience in managing natural disa... more Located in eastern India, Odisha has demonstrated exceptional resilience in managing natural disasters. Its disaster management system serves as a model of effective collaboration among Government, community and technology, focused on preserving lives and property. Odisha's innovative strategies empower local communities to make informed decisions and take swift, necessary actions during crises. The State has also established a strong framework for disaster risk mitigation, enabling seamless cooperation among all stakeholders to minimise disaster impacts. Odisha's system has proven highly effective in reducing the consequences of disasters. Through coordinated efforts and initiatives among the Government, community and technology, Odisha has created a resilient framework capable of facing even the most severe calamities. As natural disasters become more frequent and intense, Governments and communities worldwide need to collaborate on developing protective systems for lives, livelihoods and infrastructure. Odisha's achievements provide valuable insights for other regions confronting similar challenges. This study examines the evolution of Odisha's disaster management system over time, highlighting the collaborative efforts that have been instrumental in establishing a robust framework for disaster resilience.
International journal of political science and governance, 2024
Tribal women's participation in local government is an important issue that has gained increasing... more Tribal women's participation in local government is an important issue that has gained increasing attention in recent years. Historically, tribal women have faced multiple forms of discrimination and marginalization, which have prevented them from participating fully in decision-making processes. However, with the growing recognition of women's rights and gender equality, there has been a push to promote and support the participation of tribal women in local government. Through their participation, tribal women can help ensure that their voices are heard and their perspectives are taken into account in policy-making and implementation. Furthermore, tribal women's involvement in local government can help promote greater accountability, transparency, and responsiveness to the needs of marginalized communities. Tribal women's participation in local government is often lower compared to other sections of society, due to various social, cultural, and economic barriers. These barriers include lack of education, limited access to resources, cultural norms that restrict women's mobility and participation in public life, and discrimination based on gender and ethnicity. As a result, tribal women are often excluded from decision-making processes and their voices are not adequately represented in policymaking and implementation. However, there have been efforts to promote greater participation of tribal women in local government in recent years. Despite these efforts, there is still a long way to go in terms of achieving equal participation of tribal women compared to other sections of society which is main aims of this paper.
International Journal of Political Science and Governance, 2024
Tribal women's participation in local government is an important issue that has gained increasing... more Tribal women's participation in local government is an important issue that has gained increasing attention in recent years. Historically, tribal women have faced multiple forms of discrimination and marginalization, which have prevented them from participating fully in decision-making processes. However, with the growing recognition of women's rights and gender equality, there has been a push to promote and support the participation of tribal women in local government. Through their participation, tribal women can help ensure that their voices are heard and their perspectives are taken into account in policy-making and implementation. Furthermore, tribal women's involvement in local government can help promote greater accountability, transparency, and responsiveness to the needs of marginalized communities. Tribal women's participation in local government is often lower compared to other sections of society, due to various social, cultural, and economic barriers. These barriers include lack of education, limited access to resources, cultural norms that restrict women's mobility and participation in public life, and discrimination based on gender and ethnicity. As a result, tribal women are often excluded from decision-making processes and their voices are not adequately represented in policymaking and implementation. However, there have been efforts to promote greater participation of tribal women in local government in recent years. Despite these efforts, there is still a long way to go in terms of achieving equal participation of tribal women compared to other sections of society which is main aims of this paper.
Bharatiya Sikhya Shodh Patrika, 2024
The fundamental right to food is a crucial element of human rights, serving as a protective measu... more The fundamental right to food is a crucial element of human rights, serving as a protective measure to ensure a life marked by dignity, free from the challenges of hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition. However, the looming threat of climate change poses formidable challenges globally, directly and indirectly impacting essential aspects of existence, particularly food security and human well-being. Climate change, manifested through events like droughts and floods, has the potential to adversely affect the ability to cultivate enough food to meet the needs of a rapidly expanding population. This intricate web of climate change processes poses substantial risks to food and nutrition security, endangering the well-being of communities worldwide. The paper takes on the mission of exploring the repercussions of climate change on the foundational human rights of indigenous peoples, with a focus on Odisha, India. Utilizing a human rights approach, the document emphasizes the need to protect and fulfill the fundamental rights of indigenous communities, especially the right to food, in the face of climate-induced challenges. It delves into the cultural and ecological significance of indigenous territories, examines vulnerabilities faced by indigenous communities, and evaluates existing legal frameworks and policies related to climate change and food security in Odisha. The study also analyzes successful initiatives from other regions aligned with a human rights approach, proposing strategies to address the complex interplay of climate change, food security, and indigenous rights in Odisha. Recognizing the serious consequences for equity and human rights in the long run, the paper underscores the importance of understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change on the basic rights of indigenous people.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education Research, 2024
India's foreign policy has undergone substantial transformations during the leadership tenure of ... more India's foreign policy has undergone substantial transformations during the leadership tenure of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, marking a distinctive shift in the country's global approach. The Modi government's strategy towards foreign affairs is characterized by a deliberate recalibration, aimed at elevating India's influence on the global stage. This comprehensive paper meticulously examines the multifaceted aspects of the government's actions in foreign relations. By scrutinizing pivotal shifts in both regional and global dynamics, the article endeavors to dissect the intricacies of Modi's diplomatic initiatives and their consequential impact on India's standing in the international arena. The paper, with a keen focus on economic diplomacy, strategic alliances, and regional engagements, systematically assesses the fundamental components that constitute Modi's foreign policy framework. Through this thorough examination, the paper seeks to provide insights into the significant moments, challenges faced, and accomplishments achieved, all of which have played a role in shaping India's foreign policy during the Modi administration. The overarching goal is to illustrate how India, under Modi's leadership, is emerging as a more proactive and influential participant in the continually evolving and interconnected global landscape.
International Journal of Research in Humanities & Social Sciences., 2023
This article explores the intricate landscape of tourism surrounding the sacred Puri Jagannath Te... more This article explores the intricate landscape of tourism surrounding the sacred Puri Jagannath Temple in Odisha, India. Delving into both opportunities and challenges, the piece illuminates the multifaceted dimensions of this pilgrimage site. From the religious significance that draws pilgrims to the rich cultural heritage embedded in its ancient walls, the temple stands as an economic and cultural cornerstone for the region. However, with the surge in popularity, challenges such as overcrowding, environmental concerns, and infrastructural limitations come to the forefront. The abstract also examines government initiatives, success stories from analogous sites, and the crucial role of community involvement in crafting a sustainable and responsible tourism model. As Puri Jagannath Temple stands at the nexus of tradition and modernity, the article advocates for a balanced approach to ensure its preservation while harnessing the potential for economic growth and cultural enrichment.
Research Chronicler, 2022
Nowadays, caste-based discrimination is eliminated in the direct form, but despite class role in ... more Nowadays, caste-based discrimination is eliminated in the direct form, but despite class role in social and political unity and integrity, division of the caste system and indirect discrimination structure is still alive. This social structure promotes a society where people hesitate to treat Marginalised people as human beings and ignore them in various spheres. Marginalised people are involved in multiple types of sanitation work and other work that is not considered suitable by ordinary people. At the time, in the workplace and other places, they did not treat them well like other people. Discriminatory behaviour by other people is somehow responsible for hurting their dignity as individuals. The political structures carry forward the customs and the blind beliefs responsible for Social Exclusion. To understand discriminatory behaviour in modern urban society, the Researcher presents a case study of the Cuttack City of Odisha State. The study researcher tried to explain modern society's response to social Exclusion through this case.
People generally believe that social exclusion issues are diminishing in the current day, even th... more People generally believe that social exclusion issues are diminishing in the current day, even though difficulties persist in our society in many ways. Individuals are selfish and self-centred by nature. As a result, they mistreat others, which is the primary cause of social marginalization. The process of social exclusion not only impacted them physically but psychological, social, political and in other aspects of life. There are many constitutional provisions, but it failed to defend issues of the marginalized section, which is a very serious matter of concern. As a result, the researcher strives to illustrate the problems marginalized groups face on the ground level, which need to be debated in the academic sphere.
Every year, India is impacted by multiple disasters, which has transformed the country's disaster... more Every year, India is impacted by multiple disasters, which has transformed the country's disaster management system to be more organised and effective. Odisha created a more systematic process to prevent disaster risk than any other state, and the entire globe has praised these actions. However, other Indian states are also disaster-prone. Of course, they have a solid disaster-prevention policy in place, but it is time to restructure its structure for a more successful method. In this paper, the researcher examines the institutional architecture for disaster management in Gujarat and Odisha. The researcher also wants to compare disaster management systems in these two states and the difficulties that need to be addressed.
section in their party, and it is also known as the Umbrella party (Farroqui & Sridhran,2016). Th... more section in their party, and it is also known as the Umbrella party (Farroqui & Sridhran,2016). The Election of 1977 formed the first-ever coalition government and non-congress national administration led by the Janata Party. Congress again gained power in 1980 under Indira Gandhi and later by Rajiv Gandhi. After the death of Rajiv Gandhi, Congress gradually lost national vote share in the general election and formed a coalition government. This coalition completes its 5-year tenure with Congress's minority government. Since 1999 India had witnessed coalition government at the centre till the 2014 election when the BJP government secured a majority on its own. The Rising faction-based congress party is also one of the primary reasons for declining the congress party and helping to emerge coalition government during these elections (Ghosh, 2015).
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Papers by Balaram Pradhan