articles by Md. Golam Muktadir
Frontiers in earth science, Feb 2, 2024
This study analyses the ambient noise field recorded by the seismic network, TREMBLE, in Banglade... more This study analyses the ambient noise field recorded by the seismic network, TREMBLE, in Bangladesh, operational since late 2016. Horizontal-vertical spectral ratios confirm the placement of stations on sediment, many situated on thick sedimentary columns, consistent with local geology. Noise across the broadband spectrum is systematically examined. A high amplitude local microseism (0.4-0.8 Hz) is recorded, originating near the coast and modulated by local tides. The secondary microseism (0.15-0.35 Hz) correlates strongly with wave height in the Bay of Bengal and varies with seasons, with greater power and higher horizontal amplitude in the monsoon season when the wave height is highest. The microseism increases in amplitude and decreases in frequency as a tropical depression moves inland. The primary microseism (∼0.07-0.08 Hz) exhibits no seasonal changes in power but display strong horizontal energy which changes with seasons. Low frequency (0.02-0.04 Hz) noise on the horizontal components has a 24-h periodicity, due to instrument tilt caused by atmospheric pressure changes. A station located next to the major Karnaphuli River shows elevated energy at ∼5 Hz correlated to periods of high rainfall. Anthropogenic noise (∼4-14 Hz) is stationdependent, demonstrating changing patterns in human activity, such as during Ramadan, national holidays and the COVID pandemic. Our work holds implications for seismic deployments, earthquake, and imaging studies, while providing insights into the interaction between the atmosphere, ocean, and solid Earth.
Nature Communications
The principal nature-based solution for offsetting relative sea-level rise in the Ganges-Brahmapu... more The principal nature-based solution for offsetting relative sea-level rise in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta is the unabated delivery, dispersal, and deposition of the rivers’ ~1 billion-tonne annual sediment load. Recent hydrological transport modeling suggests that strengthening monsoon precipitation in the 21st century could increase this sediment delivery 34-60%; yet other studies demonstrate that sediment could decline 15-80% if planned dams and river diversions are fully implemented. We validate these modeled ranges by developing a comprehensive field-based sediment budget that quantifies the supply of Ganges-Brahmaputra river sediment under varying Holocene climate conditions. Our data reveal natural responses in sediment supply comparable to previously modeled results and suggest that increased sediment delivery may be capable of offsetting accelerated sea-level rise. This prospect for a naturally sustained Ganges-Brahmaputra delta presents possibilities beyond the dystopian f...
Flash floods are highly destructive, and their frequency and intensity are expected to escalate d... more Flash floods are highly destructive, and their frequency and intensity are expected to escalate due to climatic changes. This study thus investigated flash flood susceptibility (FFS) by applying machine learning algorithms and climate projection to predict both present and future hazard scenarios in the southeastern hilly regions of Bangladesh. To predict FFS, we evaluated twelve flood-influencing variables: elevation (EL), slope (SL), aspect (AS), drainage density (DD), distance to stream (DS), topography roughness index (TRI), stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), soil permeability (SP), precipitation (PR), land use and land cover (LULC) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Earth observation data, field surveys, and past flood records were used to create a detailed flood inventory. Among the machine learning models tested, the random forest (RF) algorithm outperformed others, including support vector machine (SVC), logistic regression (LR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and was subsequently used for flood susceptibility mapping based on future precipitation projections under two Sixth Coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6) climate change scenarios: SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. Our findings indicated that the areas at high to very high risk of flooding are projected to increase significantly under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Initially, around 38 % of the studied region had high to very high flood susceptibility, but this is expected to rise to 40-42 % over the projected time periods. These spatial delineations of flood-prone areas can provide guidance for developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to address the adverse impacts of flash flooding in the hilly river basins of Bangladesh.
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2024
Bangladesh, situated in tropical and subtropical regions, receives significant amount of solar en... more Bangladesh, situated in tropical and subtropical regions, receives significant amount of solar energy, making it an ideal location for solar energy production. However, determining suitable sites in the country for solar based power plant establishment turns out to be a difficult task given its dense population. This study aims to the identification of such a potential site by assessing the stability of the Jamuna river Island to be proposed as a site for developing solar based power plant. The research concentrates on Fulchhari union of Gaibandha district, one of the three major islands in the Jamuna river, utilizing two GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. One is Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) for stability analysis, and another is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for suitability evaluation. For the stability analysis of the island, Landsat satellite imagery of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 covering a long term of 30 years period were investigated. Based on average change rates, the bankline of the island was divided into 2 accretion zones in the south and southeastern direction, and 8 erosion zones. Along with the bankline changes, climatological, geomorphological, and environmental factors have been adopted to modeling process for suitability analysis. The optimal locations for solar based power plants have been demonstrated by a suitability map, where high and standard potential area is about 60% of the area of Fulchhari union. Production may be enhanced up to 5 times more with the consideration of utilizing the moderate optimum zone.
An assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of nitrate and trace element concentrations in groundwater in coastal districts of Bangladesh
Science of the Total Environment, 2025
Groundwater is considered a significant source of drinking water around the world. However, the n... more Groundwater is considered a significant source of drinking water around the world. However, the naturally occurring trace elements, mostly As, B, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn are proven to deteriorate the groundwater quality. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal distribution of trace metals and NO3− in groundwater and the associated risk to human health in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The result indicated that As exceeded the WHO and BDWS limits during wet and dry seasons in several coastal districts. Despite the abundant presence of Fe throughout the entire study area, it does not present any significant health risk. But alarming conditions of Mn have been observed all over the coastal area in both seasons. Aquifers with shallow depths showed to be more contaminated than deeper ones. The spatial distribution maps showed that NO3− and Cr were found in high concentration in some similar areas during the dry season. The studied elements showed a pattern in exceeding of WHO permissible limits such as Fe > Mn > As > Cr > NO3− in wet season and Mn > Fe > As > Cr > NO3− in dry season. Therefore, high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk was found among adult and children population via oral exposure. Most of the samples showed cancer risk at medium to very high. The principal component analysis observed the pollution sources, revealing that groundwater contamination in this region was mostly due to geogenic sources. This study clearly showed that the groundwater in coastal districts is heavily contaminated, which is a concerning issue. The aforementioned findings have given some clarity on the coastal region's groundwater quality state, which can be beneficial in formulating a plan safe water supply.
Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Research, 2024
Nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing technique is used for understanding the socioeconomic develo... more Nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing technique is used for understanding the socioeconomic development and environmental dynamics in developed countries but less explored in developing countries. To address this gap, this research utilizes Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) NTL data and investigates its spatiotemporal trends in Bangladesh from 2014 to 2022, exploring the correlation with population, and GDP. Results reveals insights into economic hotspots, urban expansions, highway network, population dynamics, infrastructure development, wealth distribution, technological transitions, strategical and administrative factors and environmental factors. Moreover, it identifies seasonal variations in NTL, reflecting the interactions with environmental factors. Additionally, NTL data holds strategic and administrative significance aiding border surveillance and policy implementation process. However, the study acknowledges limitations related to remote sensing modeling, emphasizing the consideration of other influencing factors. Despite these limitations, NTL remote sensing techniques emerges as a guided tool for monitoring socioeconomic and environmental trends and informing policy implementation in rapidly developing regions like Bangladesh.
Uploads
articles by Md. Golam Muktadir