Papers by Samantha Friedman
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013
Van Gogh, Dalí, and beyond : the world reimagined
Published in conjunction with the second major exhibition The Museum of Modern Art is organizing ... more Published in conjunction with the second major exhibition The Museum of Modern Art is organizing for the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth, "Van Gogh to Richter: People, Places and Things" is an exploration of the myriad innovative ways modern artists have reinvented the traditional genres of portrait, still life and landscape from the 1880s to today. By looking closely at works in a range of media, the catalogue shows how these long-established categories have expanded and transformed from Post-Impressionism to Photorealism, reflecting changes in our conceptions of individuals, objects and spaces. The selection of works range from Frida Kahlos confident selfrepresentation to Gerhard Richters blurred likeness; from Paul Cezannes iconic tabletop arrangements to Jeff Koonss commodified objects; from Vincent van Goghs roiling olive trees to Richard Longs land art, each demonstrating how modernisms radical new forms have continuously revitalized art historys conventional...
Spatial inequality and the distribution of industrial toxic releases : Evidence from the 1990 TRI
This research investigates environmental justice activists' claims that pollution is unevenly... more This research investigates environmental justice activists' claims that pollution is unevenly distributed across communities in the United States. We examine three possible explanations for environmental inequity: racial discrimination, economic stratification, and urban ecology. To assess pollution levels, we use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), a data set which contains information on permitted and accidental releases of over 300 toxic chemicals from manufacturing facilities. We combine this information with county-level data from the 1990 U.S. Census and the 1990 County Business Patterns. In support of activists' claims, the regression analysis reveals a positive relationship between proportion Black and toxic releases to air, which is partly explained by urbanization and industrial location. The effect of economic status is revealed to be curvilinear, with lower- and higher-income counties experiencing lower levels of to...
Housing discrimination continues to be a significant problem in America nearly a half century aft... more Housing discrimination continues to be a significant problem in America nearly a half century after the passage of the Fair Housing Act. It is estimated that, annually, 4 million people experience discrimination in the rental housing market (NFHA, 2015). A very small number of those experiencing discrimination, however, actually report it. In 2014, for example, only about 27,000 housing discrimination complaints in both the rental and sales markets were filed with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), U.S. Department of Justice, and other substantially equivalent fair housing agencies (NFHA, 2015).Given that data on complaints are quite limited, the paired-testing methodology has been an important tool that researchers and policymakers have used to study housing discrimination. The articles included in this symposium-especially the article by Sun Jung Oh and John Yinger-offer reviews of the literature that uses paired-testing methodology, present critiques of t...
Residential segregation by educational status in Turkey, 2013: Examining the association with political preferences
Population, Space and Place
Journal of Housing Research
Housing Outcomes in Turkey: How Do Middle‐Income Households Fare?
City & Community
Despite the doubling in size of the middle class and the significant housing increase in Turkey, ... more Despite the doubling in size of the middle class and the significant housing increase in Turkey, little research has examined housing outcomes of middle–income households, particularly relative to affluent households. The housing increase and 2007 Mortgage Law could have reduced housing differences between middle–income and affluent households, but the rise in gated communities could have increased these differences. Using data from Turkey's 2012 Household and Budget Survey, we find that middle–income households are significantly less likely than affluent households to own their homes and live in larger homes, and among owner–occupiers, in homes of higher value. Less pronounced differences are found in their residence in newer homes. Fewer differences in housing outcomes exist between middle– and lower–income households, particularly among owner–occupiers. These results suggest that the most affluent households, rather than the poorest households, are likely isolating themselves...
Social Sciences
Fifty years after the passage of the Fair Housing Act, racial/ethnic residential segregation and ... more Fifty years after the passage of the Fair Housing Act, racial/ethnic residential segregation and discrimination persist in the housing market. In 2018, the National Fair Housing Alliance reported that the third and fifth largest discrimination complaints are made on the bases of familial status and sex, respectively. However, housing research has largely ignored how family structure may shape patterns of racial/ethnic residential segregation. By assessing residential isolation, our analyses add to the small body of literature exploring racial/ethnic segregation by family structure using data from the 1990–2010 decennial censuses and the 2006–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) drawn from the Neighborhood Change Database (NCDB) and the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). Our results reveal that white, married-couple families experience the greatest levels of residential isolation, net of controls for relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors. In addition,...
Social Sciences
In 2010, 18.7 percent of the U.S. non-institutionalized population had a disability. Despite the ... more In 2010, 18.7 percent of the U.S. non-institutionalized population had a disability. Despite the existence of the Fair Housing Amendments Act (FHAA), which prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of disability, recent research has found that individuals and/or families with disabilities live in poorer quality housing and neighborhoods than those without disabilities. However, no research has examined such disparities in residential attainment separately by housing tenure; our research seeks to fill this gap. The findings suggest that residential disadvantage among households with people with disabilities is worse in the sales market compared to the rental market. These findings are discussed as they relate to theories on residential attainment. The implications of our study suggest that more attention should be given to people with disabilities as they navigate the housing market, particularly in the sales market, and that greater enforcement of the FHAA is warranted in the sa...
Little research has examined income-based differences in housing outcomes, and the existing studi... more Little research has examined income-based differences in housing outcomes, and the existing studies are inconclusive because they differ in their findings as to whether the affluent attain significantly better outcomes than middle-income households. This is particularly important because in the U.S., for the first time, and in Turkey, the middle-income segment of the population does not comprise the majority of the population. Using data from the 2011 American Housing Survey and the 2012 Turkish Household and Budget Survey, this study finds that the U.S. and Turkey are similar in that the most affluent groups are significantly more likely than their respective middle-income groups to own their homes and live in larger and newer homes, and among owners, in homes of higher average value, controlling for relevant factors. Our findings suggest that affluent groups may be distancing themselves from other income groups to obtain better housing outcomes. Observing these findings in two ver...
Muslim–Non-Muslim Locational Attainment in Philadelphia: A New Fault Line in Residential Inequality?
Demography
This study examines Muslim–non-Muslim disparities in locational attainment. We pool data from the... more This study examines Muslim–non-Muslim disparities in locational attainment. We pool data from the 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves of the Public Health Management Corporation’s Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Survey. These data contain respondents’ religious identities and are geocoded at the census-tract level, allowing us to merge American Community Survey data and examine neighborhood-level outcomes to gauge respondents’ locational attainment. Net of controls, our multivariate analyses reveal that among blacks and nonblacks, Muslims live in neighborhoods that have significantly lower shares of whites and greater representations of blacks. Among blacks, Muslims are significantly less likely than non-Muslims to reside in suburbs. The Muslim disadvantages for blacks and nonblacks in neighborhood poverty and neighborhood median income, however, become insignificant. Our results provide support for the tenets of the spatial assimilation and place stratification models and suggest that M...
The Influence of Gender, Marital Status, and the Presence of Children on Locational Attainment, 2009
Bringing proximate neighbours into the study of US residential segregation
Urban studies (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2011
The race and ethnicity of neighbours are thought to be critical in shaping household mobility und... more The race and ethnicity of neighbours are thought to be critical in shaping household mobility underlying residential segregation. However, studies on this topic have used data at the census-tract level of analysis rather than at the proximate-neighbour level. Using a non-publicly available version of the neighbour-cluster sample within the American Housing Survey, this study incorporates data on the race, ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics of the proximate neighbours of White, Black and Latino households and examines their impact on household residential satisfaction, out- and in-mobility. Results indicate that proximate-neighbour race and ethnicity matter in influencing endpoints of the mobility process and do not necessarily parallel those at the census-tract level. Implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to the study of residential segregation.
Experiencing Residential Segregation
Index of Dissimilarity
Encyclopedia of Social Problems, 2008
The Nation's Capital Reveals the Nation's Future: The World in a Zip Code
The Brookings Review, 2002
Urban Affairs Review, 2002
Explicit considerations of race and unlawful racial discrimination persist as critical factors in... more Explicit considerations of race and unlawful racial discrimination persist as critical factors in the continuing segregation of urban housing markets. On the basis of a telephone survey of Washington, D.C. area households, the authors find that current black households were almost twice as likely as white households to not get their first choice when they moved into their current homes, more than one-fourth of black householders report that they or someone they know experienced discrimination in their efforts to obtain housing or housing finance within the past three years, and whites are more than four times as likely as blacks to believe that equal opportunity exists in the current housing market. These relationships persist after controlling on several socioeconomic characteristics (income, education, housing tenure) of households. Several policy options are recommended for ameliorating racial segregation in urban housing markets.
Social Science Research, 2014
Do declines in residential segregation mean stable neighborhood racial integration in metropolitan America? A research note
Social Science Research, 2008
Between 1980 and 2000, residential segregation between non-Hispanic whites and blacks, as measure... more Between 1980 and 2000, residential segregation between non-Hispanic whites and blacks, as measured by the index of dissimilarity, declined by 8.7 percentage points. How this decline reflects stable racial integration at the neighborhood level remains to be seen. Using the ...
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Papers by Samantha Friedman