@inproceedings{trienes-etal-2025-behavioral,
title = "Behavioral Analysis of Information Salience in Large Language Models",
author = {Trienes, Jan and
Schl{\"o}tterer, J{\"o}rg and
Li, Junyi Jessy and
Seifert, Christin},
editor = "Che, Wanxiang and
Nabende, Joyce and
Shutova, Ekaterina and
Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher",
booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025",
month = jul,
year = "2025",
address = "Vienna, Austria",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.1204/",
doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.1204",
pages = "23428--23454",
ISBN = "979-8-89176-256-5",
abstract = "Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at text summarization, a task that requires models to select content based on its importance. However, the exact notion of salience that LLMs have internalized remains unclear. To bridge this gap, we introduce an explainable framework to systematically derive and investigate information salience in LLMs through their summarization behavior. Using length-controlled summarization as a behavioral probe into the content selection process, and tracing the answerability of Questions Under Discussion throughout, we derive a proxy for how models prioritize information. Our experiments on 13 models across four datasets reveal that LLMs have a nuanced, hierarchical notion of salience, generally consistent across model families and sizes. While models show highly consistent behavior and hence salience patterns, this notion of salience cannot be accessed through introspection, and only weakly correlates with human perceptions of information salience."
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Behavioral Analysis of Information Salience in Large Language Models
%A Trienes, Jan
%A Schlötterer, Jörg
%A Li, Junyi Jessy
%A Seifert, Christin
%Y Che, Wanxiang
%Y Nabende, Joyce
%Y Shutova, Ekaterina
%Y Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher
%S Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025
%D 2025
%8 July
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Vienna, Austria
%@ 979-8-89176-256-5
%F trienes-etal-2025-behavioral
%X Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at text summarization, a task that requires models to select content based on its importance. However, the exact notion of salience that LLMs have internalized remains unclear. To bridge this gap, we introduce an explainable framework to systematically derive and investigate information salience in LLMs through their summarization behavior. Using length-controlled summarization as a behavioral probe into the content selection process, and tracing the answerability of Questions Under Discussion throughout, we derive a proxy for how models prioritize information. Our experiments on 13 models across four datasets reveal that LLMs have a nuanced, hierarchical notion of salience, generally consistent across model families and sizes. While models show highly consistent behavior and hence salience patterns, this notion of salience cannot be accessed through introspection, and only weakly correlates with human perceptions of information salience.
%R 10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.1204
%U https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.1204/
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.1204
%P 23428-23454
Markdown (Informal)
[Behavioral Analysis of Information Salience in Large Language Models](https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.1204/) (Trienes et al., Findings 2025)
ACL